REPORT

EXPERIMENT 2: pH AND BUFFERS

Group: 1 Section: _______2_______ Date: 25/09/2019

Group members: Đan Phạm Lâm Quỳnh

Cao Hoàng Anh

Châu Minh Thuận

Nguyễn Minh Thông

Score:__________
 I. Introduction
Estimate the pH of deionized water; strong acid; weak acid; salts; buffers

II. Experimental
In this experiment 2, we observed the change of pH index of deionized water when
stirring it, and solution which at first was acid/ base environment then turned slowly into base/
acid environment, similar in salts and buffers. Besides, predicting and calculating theoretical
pH index Experiment overall steps:
- Apply testing solution to cylinder, and four it into a beaker
- Using stirring rod to stir the solution (deionized water experiment)/ Diluting solution by using
graduated pipette and volumetric flask/ Using a beaker and follow the instruction
- Washing the probe to make sure it is cleared
- Check the pH index as data sheet required, and follow the instruction in the data sheet.
- Clearing the testing tool and the probe carefully.

1. pH OF DEIONIZED WATER

Observed pH
Time
1st 2nd Explanation
(second)
(Group 1) (Group 2)
0 6.2 8.01
20 6.0 7.5
40 5.65 7.12
60 5.71 6.17
The pH index deceased when stirring
80 5.63 6.14
deionized water because deionized
100 5.59 6.3
water do not have enough ions
120 5.53 6.2 present for the electrode to function
140 5.56 6.06 properly. The moment it comes in
160 5.56 5.93 contact with air, CO2 gas begins
dissolving into it, forming carbonic
acid. The actual pH, therefore, will
often be slightly less than 7
 2. pH OF STRONG ACID

Measured pH
Theoretical
Solution st nd Comments/ Explanation
pH 1 2
(Group1) (Group2)
* 10 mL of 0.1M HClpH of 10 mL of 0.1M
HCl
10 mL of 0.1M HCl 1 2.01 3.2
pH = - log (0.1) = 1
nHCl = 0.1*0.01 = 0.001 moles
* Add 90 mL of distilled water[H+] =
Add 90 mL of distilled 0.001/0.1 = 0.01MpH = - log (0.01) = 2
2 2.23 2.3
water
* Add 10 mL of 0.1M NaOH nNaOH =
0.01*0.1 = 0.001 moles

Add 10 mL of
7 10.8 7.72
0.1M NaOH Hydrogen chloride neutralizes sodium
hydroxide and create acid-base balance so
the pH of the solution is from 7 to 8
* Add 90 mL of 0.01M NaOH
Vsolution = 0.2 L
Add 90 mL of nNaOH = 0.09*0.01 = 9*10-4
11.65 11.52 11.44
0.01M NaOH [OH¬-] = 9*10-4/0.2 = 4.5*10-3
pOH = - log (4.5*10-3) = 2.35
pH = 14-2.35 = 11.65

Comment: At first there was acid environment, after that it was still acid environment
although the acid was diluted. After adding 10 mL of 0.1M NaOH, the solution turned from
acid to base environment, so that the pH index increased quickly to around 10. Finally,
adding more NaOH (diluted NaOH), the pH index in this solution continued to increase and
stop add about 11.

3. pH OF WEAK ACID

Measured pH
Solution 1
st
2
nd Ka Comments/ Explanation
(Group 1) (Group 2)

0.1M acetic acid 3.02 2.5 5.456*10^-5 Ka =

with
3.784*10^-
0.01M acetic acid 3.45 3.1 5 1. Average of Ka =
(
2. Average of Ka =
(
0.001M acetic acid 4.04 4.48 4.707*10^-6
3. Average of Ka =
(

Comment: By diluting acid, it also means that putting water in the solution. Water is mostly
water molecules so adding water to an acid reduces the concentration of ions in the solution.
 4. pH OF SALTS
Measured pH Explanation
Predicted st nd
Solution 1 2
pH
(Group 1) (Group 2)

0.1M NaCl 7.1 6.05 3.86

Depending on the ionic
substances made of the
0.1M CH3COONa 8 7.2 5.53 compound, it will decide
whether it is an acid, base or
… salt. For example, if a salt
made from a strong base
cation such as Na+, Ca+,…
and weak acid anion such as
0.1M NH4Cl 6 5.3 5.03
CH3COO-, HSO4-,…, it will
become a salt compound
which have more base
feature than it in acid.

Comment: According to the explanation, different figure of pH index depending

on the ionic substances made of the compound

5. pH OF BUFFERS

Volume (mL) Volume (mL) Measured pH

Calculated
Buffer 0.1M 0.1M Acid Base st nd
pH 1 2
CH3COOH CH3COONa
(Group 1) (Group 2)

A 10.0 40.0
 5.29 5.25

B 40.0 10.0
 4.08 3.86

C 25.0 25.0

Comments:
A buffer solution is a liquid mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or
vice versa. Buffer solutions are used to keeping pH at a nearly constant value in
a wide variety of chemical applications. In this experiment, we used
CH3CHOOH mixed with CH3CHOONa as a buffer solution.
 Part I: Addition of 10 drops 0.1 M HCl
pH after Total volume HCl (drops)
pH from the
Buffer adding 10 to change pH by one unit Comments/ Explanation
start, pHo
drops HCl (pHo-1)

A 5.36 5.35 300 drops Buffer solutions are used

as a means of keeping pH
B 4.05 3.98 40 drops at a nearly constant value
in a wide variety of
C chemical applications.

 Part II: Addition of 10 drops 0.1 M NaOH

pH after Total volume NaOH
pH from the
Buffer adding 10 (drops) to change pH by Comments/ Explanation
start, pHo
drops NaOH one unit (pHo+1)

A 5.34 5.38 80 drops Buffer solutions are used

as a means of keeping pH
B 4.05 4.1 310 drops at a nearly constant value
in a wide variety of
C chemical applications.