INTERVIEW QUESTIONAIRE OF HSE PERSONNEL

1.Knowledge about LNG Industry

What is LNG Liquefied Natural Gas – (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted
temporarily to liquid form for ease of storage or transport
Sour Gas / Sour gas is natural gas or any other gas containing significant amounts of hydrogen
Sweet Gas sulfide (H2S). / Compounds that are without Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) are called sweet
gases (Nitrogen)
Entering to gas Any item that may cause or contribute to cause fire or explosion in an operating plant
plant – shall not be allowed. Items such as cigarette lighters, non-intrinsically safe equipment,
prohibited items torches, mobile phones, and other battery operated tools etc which has a potential to
produce spark …even items which may cause static charges ( such as acrylics, or
dresses made of such materials )
Experience in Work experience, (LNG projects, Shut downs…)
LNG industry
2.H2S Safety
What is H2S H2S has many names such as Hydrogen Sulphide, Sulfuretted (or sulfureted) hydrogen;
sulfurated hydrogen; sulfane; sulfur hydride; dihydrogen monosulfide; hydrosulfuric acid;
sewer gas; stink damp; rotten egg gas.
It is a colorless, very poisonous, flammable gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten
eggs. This gas is slightly heavier than air and when it leaks, it moves into low lying areas
such as excavations, pits, drains etc… A mixture of H2S and air is explosive; H2S burns
with a blue flame and forms sulfur dioxide (SO2) which is also a toxic gas.
How does it Smells like rotten eggs when in low concentration but when the H2S gas is in high
smell concentration, it has ability to kill the sense of smell of human beings even breathed for
longer periods at low concentrations. It kills your sense of smell.
Properties of  Highly toxic
H2S  Smells like rotten eggs when in low concentration but when in high concentration, it
has ability to kill the sense of smell of human beings.
 Colorless, you can not see it
 Highly flammable,
 A mixture of air and H2S is explosive.
 Slightly heavier than air, settles in low lying areas
 Soluble in water, it mixes in water.
Permissible In Oil and Gas industry, it is not allowed to work in the presence of H2S gas, engineering
exposure limit controls shall be applied to remove and make the area gas free before starting the work. If
hazard persists, than BA shall be used along with other controls. However, industry has
set the following limits:
 Long term exposure limit (LTEL) is at 10 ppm for 8 hours a day 5 days a week. If
a person works 8 hours a day 5 days a week in 10 ppm of H2S, he shall not have
serious affects.
 Short term exposure limit (STEL) is at 15 ppm.
A person can only work for 1 hour if the gas concentration is 15 ppm.
PPM stands for parts per million.
Is H2S Both, H2S is extremely toxic gas; it can kill people immediately if exposed to high
Flammable / concentration of this gas. H2S gas is highly flammable and toxic.
toxic
How would you Following precautions shall be taken to work in areas where H2S can be present:
protect yourself  Tolerate to enter in areas where H2S concentration is detected and is at or exceeding
from H2S STEL (15ppm and above)
 You should have H2S training
 Get a permit
 Perform gas test and ensure that H2S or any other hazardous gas is not present in
your work area.
 Confined spaces shall be properly ventilated before entry, ventilation shall continue
until the space is cleared by persons.
 If entering a confined space, spading and de-spading, you shall use breathing
apparatus if identified and specified in the permit and TRA for the job.
 Know the location of your muster point and be aware of the wind direction.
 Never depend upon your nose to detect H2S.
 Always keep hand held gas detector in confined spaces, and in most H2S potential
areas
3.Confined Space
What is a A confined space is any enclosed or partially enclosed space
confined space?  that has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;
Examples of  is large enough for a person to enter to perform tasks;
confined space  and is not designed or configured for continuous human occupancy;

A utility tunnel, the inside of a boiler (only accessible when the boiler is off), the inside of a
fluid storage tank, a septic tank that has contained sewage, and a small underground
electrical vault are all examples of confined spaces.

Confined spaces that present special hazards to workers, including risks of toxic or
asphyxiating gas accumulation, fires, falls, flooding, and entrapment may be classified as
permit-required confined spaces depending on the nature and severity of the hazard.
What are the According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a permit-
hazards in a required confined space (permit space) has the three characteristics listed above (which
confined space define a confined space) and one or more of the following:

 Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere (toxic,

flammable, explosive, asphyxia)
 Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing the entrant
 Has an internal configuration that might cause an entrant to be trapped or
asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and
tapers to a smaller cross section
 Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards.
 Over crowded ( More workers will consume O2 and then causing asphyxia, so
don’t over crowd the confine spaces

In addition to the hazards posed by the design of the space, work activities can also pose
serious safety hazards (heat, noise, vapors, etc.) that must be taken into account when
identifying safety measures that must be taken.
What are the Following are the safety measures that shall be taken before entering any permit required
safety measures confined space:

 Preparation and approval of method statement and TRA

 Apply permit and get approval
 Isolate the space (mechanical and electrical)
 Depressurize, purge with inert gas or steam
 Open the space and ventilate it through mechanical means (air blowers and / or
exhaust ventilators)
 Perform gas test and ensure space is free of all kinds of gases. Oxygen level shall
be 20% to 22%
 TBT before entry
 Never take welding gas cylinders in a confine spaces
 Assign a trained hole watcher at the entry
 Sign the entry log while entering and exiting the space
 Hole watcher should keep a communication / contact with the workers in a
confined space from time to time
 Follow work rest rotation taking the welding gas cylinders in a confine space.

 In any emergency should immediately inform rescue team for help.

Pyrophoric
material Pyrophoric substance will ignite spontaneously in air. Examples are iron sulfide and many
reactive metals including uranium, Potassium, Sodium,
Minimum level
of oxygen 19.5% is the minimum level required to enter a confined space. If oxygen is below 19.5%
required to enter that entry shall not be made. 23% is the maximum oxygen level for entry, oxygen above
a confined 23% is dangerous for entry.
space

4.Spading and De-spading

 Term spading and de-spading is used for mechanical isolation of pipes / lines containing
What is spading pressurized fluids and gases. To stop the flow of pressurized fluid or gas, a mechanical
and de-spading tool is used called spade. A rated plate (spade) is inserted in the flange to close the line,
this process is called spading.

Removing the spade is called de-spading.

Spades are always inserted down stream of an isolation valve. First valve is closed; line is
What are the depressurized and than spade is inserted in the flange. Following are the hazards of
hazards of spading and de-spading process:
spading and de-
spading  Line not depressurized
operations  Up stream valve not closed

 Removal of bolts without closing valve and depressurization of line. This can
cause sudden release of energy, release of toxic, flammable, asphyxiant gas,
steam or other chemicals that can cause fatalities, serious injuries, fire and
explosion

 Sudden and uncontrolled release of pressure can cause damage to line / pipe.
Following measures shall be taken for spading and de-spading process:
Safety
measures for 1. Spading and de-spading shall be performed under strict permit requirements
spading and de- 2. TRA shall be approved based on MS
spading process 3. Coordination between execution team and plant operations to be effective
4. Following shall be confirmed prior to loosening the bolts for spading and de-spading
activities
 Confirmation and verification of battery limit and all other connecting valve isolation
by plant operator
 Confirmation and verification of purging of line / system by plant operator
 Confirmation and verification of depressurization of line / system by plant operator
 Confirmation and verification of LOTO by plant operators
 Confirmation and verification from plant operator that it is safe for operatives to
loosen the bolts
 Adequate PPE including SCBA as required by procedure, permit and TRA
 Area to be cleared of all non-operational personnel as specified in the TRA, except
for those who are on standby with necessary protection
5. Safe work platforms to be erected for personnel to reach and work from, competent
person to inspect and verify that platform is safe for use
6. SIMOPS shall be minimized, adequate PPE shall be used against fall hazard
7. Safety precautions shall be discussed with team highlighting the hazards by work
supervisor / in charge in TBT.
8. Specific approved TRA to be consulted for such activity.

Audits of the activity to verify procedural conformance, records to be maintained

5.Welding and Cutting

Open flame is the main hazard in welding and cutting activities. When welding or cutting
Hazards in the plant, major risk is fire and explosion.
involved
Welding operation has several other hazards involved:

 Burns due to fire and hot surfaces

 Serious injuries, fatality due to explosion caused by the open flame activity

 Ultraviolet rays emitted by arc welding which can damage eyes

 Fires and explosion due to spread of sparks and spatters

Following are the safety measures for welding and cutting activities:
Safety
measures for 1. All equipment and tools required for welding, cutting and grinding activities shall be
 inspected and maintained in good working order.
welding and 2. Only competent persons to be assigned hot / open flame tasks
cutting 3. Hot / open flame tasks shall not be performed with out a valid permit
4. Compressed gas cylinders shall be used under strict precautions as per procedure
5. Each hot / open flame activity shall have following precautions in place:

 TRA based on MS
 Valid PTW
 Fire blankets to prevent flame, sparks and spatters to reach adjacent areas and
below
 Fire extinguishers as required by permit
 Charged hose if required by permit
 Gas test prior to the start of activity
 Trained fire watch

6. welding helmets fitted with dark welding glass as PPE for protection against arc flash

6.Working at height

At what height a 2 meters is the height at which safety harness becomes mandatory for worker. Safety
person shall don harness shall be worn and person shall be tied off at all ties while working at any elevation
(wear) safety above 2 meters.
harness
Persons working at height shall have the following PPE:
PPE to be worn
 Hard hat with chin strap
 Gloves

 Safety shoes

 Eye protection based on activity

 Full body harness

Following are the hazards of working at height:
Hazards of
working at  Death or serious injury due to personal fall from height
height  Injury or property damage due to fall of loose objects from height

 Property damage

7.Lifting Equipment

Why do we Test certificates are required for all lifting equipment to ensure that equipment is tested by
need a test a qualified person and he certifies that all components of the equipment are in best
certificate for working condition for the type of activity it has to perform.
the lifting
equipment

Who will issue A group or company that is certified and authorized by government to perform tests on
the test lifting equipment.
certificate
SWL stands for Safe Working Load. When a load is lifted by a crane, following shall be
What is SWL checked for safe lifting:
and Color
coding  Total weight of load including weight of the crane hook, slings and shackles
 Capacity of the crane

 Radius of the boom

  Angle of the boom

Color coding is part of safety management system. Each equipment / tool is checked by a
qualified person to ensure that equipment / tool is defect free and in good condition for
use and is color coded for the month / quarter. If equipment / tool is defective or needs
repair than it is fixed / repaired and again checked and if found satisfactory than it is color
coded.
Following measures shall be ensured before lifting operation:
What control
measures are  Plan the lift
required during  Certification of crane, crane operator and riggers shall be valid
lifting operation
 SWL shall be calculated

 Crane shall be set on hard and even ground

 Maximum area shall be barricaded (normally radius of the boom / swing area)

 Non operational persons shall be removed from barricaded area

 Load to be properly slingged and tag line attached

 Signal man shall give signals to operators

8.Pneumatic / hydro test

Major hazards of Pneumatic / hydro test include:
Hazards of
Pneumatic /  Sudden release of pressure
hydro test  Explosion

 Ejection of metal pieces

 Flooding

 Electrical
For Pneumatic / hydro test, capacity of system shall be known; system shall not be over
Control pressurized which may cause explosion. Area around the system being pressure tested
Measures for shall be barricaded and all non operational personnel shall be removed.
Pneumatic /
hydro test For hydro test, disposal of water into the main drain shall be arranged; all electrical
equipment shall be covered or removed if chances of flooding are there.

Pneumatic / hydro test shall be closely monitored from start till end. Pressure shall only be
released from pressure release valves provided prior to the test.

9.Scaffolding Safety

What is A temporary structure erected for access and to perform work at height by using couplers,
scaffolding tubes and boards.

Can scaffolding No, it shall only be modified by a qualified scaffolders

be modified my
a trained
mechanical
technician

How many One person at a time

number of
persons can
climb a ladder at
a time
There are two guard rails provided on platforms. Guard rails are provided to prevent
What should be people from falling over.
the minimum
height of guard  Top rail which shall be 42” from the floor of the platform
rail
 Mid rail which shall be 20” from the platform floor

What is the A toe board is placed around the floor of the platform, it prevents objects from falling over
importance of a and also prevents people from falling if they slip, toe board will stop the foot.
toe board

Is it safe to carry No, it is not allowed to carry tools and equipment in hands while climbing any type of
tools and ladder
material in
hands while
climbing the
ladders

10.Excavation – manual /using jack hammer

Excavations can have following hazards:
Main hazards /
dangers of  Damage to underground utilities such as pipes, cables, structure / building
excavation foundations and sewer system etc…
 Excavation walls can collapse if not slopped, shored or benched properly.

 If excavations are not protected properly, personnel, vehicles and machines can
fall in the excavations.

 Can flood in case of rains or other failures

 Can become dangerous due to accumulation of hazardous gases

1. Following precautions are to be ensured before excavating for any reason:
Safety  Method statement for all types of excavations
measures  Relevant drawings
 Task Risk Assessment
 Permit to work for excavation signed by all relevant persons
 Detection of underground existing utilities
2. All excavations shall be performed under direct supervision of a competent person
3. Excavations shall be hard barricaded to prevent personnel, equipment and vehicles
coming close to the edge of the excavation
4. Warning signs shall be posted to warn approaching person, equipment and vehicles
5. All excavations shall be made safe by providing sloping, benching or shoring based on
the assessment and type of soil
6. Excavations deeper than 1.5 meters shall be considered as permit required confined
spaces based on the location.
7. Soil removed from excavation shall be placed at least 1.5 meters clear of edges
8. Machines used for civil works shall be operated by a competent operator and its
movements shall be controlled by a trained Banks man
9. All existing structures around excavation shall be secured to avoid its collapse if
foundations are weakened by excavation
Jack hammers are excellent tools for excavations in congested areas and specially to
Jack hammer uncover under ground utilities. Following precautions shall be ensured when a jack
safety checks hammer is used:

 Jack hammer shall be inspected before use

 Hose connection shall be secured properly
  At each hose connection a whip lash arrestor shall be provided

 Compressors used to provide power shall be located at an easily accessible

location.

 Hose shall be in good condition

 Couplers used to connect hoses shall be standard, preferably Chicago type.

 Ear protection shall be worn by the operative as sound will be high

 Eye protection shall be worn

 Feet shall not be placed in a way that chisel may hit the toe if the hammer slips
All connections at hoses and with jack hammer shall be equipped with whip arrestors;
Whip lash / couplers used for connecting the hose shall have locking pins in place to prevent
locking pins accidental release.
11.Radiography
Can other works No, due to the dangers associated with radiations, no other work shall be performed in the
be done at the area where radiography is being performed
place of
radiography
activity
Precautions at Radiography is a very dangerous activity therefore maximum precautions shall be taken
site to prevent injuries due to radiations. Following precautions shall be ensured:
1. Only qualified and competent workers to perform radiography
2. All radiographic works shall be performed under valid permit to work
3. Equipment used shall be well maintained and in good working condition
4. Radiographers shall be equipped with film badges and colimeters
5. Radiography works shall be performed only during hours when there are least number
of workers on site such as night, lunch and dinner breaks
6. Following precautions shall be taken for any radiography activity:
 Time and area where radiography has to be performed shall be communicated to all
affected personnel
 Area shall be cordoned off using black and yellow barricade tapes
 Signs shall be posted at conspicuous locations
 Blinker lights shall be used to warn people
 Affected personnel shall be removed from the area
 Radiography staff shall ensure that area is clear before exposing the source for shoot
HSE Department shall ensure that adequate HSE supervision is provided for radiography
activity
What is the Yellow back ground with orange pictogram
color of
radiography
sign

12. SCBA / Trolley set

Why do we BA is shot of Breathing Apparatus
need BA – SCBA is short of Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
SCBA – Trolley Trolley set contains two air cylinders that supply air to a mask worn by worker.
set We need BA – SCBA – and trolley sets to receive air from cylinders in an atmosphere
where work can not be performed due to the presence of toxic gases or low oxygen.
A face seal best 100% fit seal can be achieved on faces without beard. Scars and facial hair can affect
suits a person seal fitting on face.
having beard or
without beard
A trolley set can Trolley sets can not be used for escape but can be used to leave the work area
be used for
emergency
escape
13. Electrical tools / equipment / diesel driven equipment
What are power Any tool that is operated by some kind of power (pneumatic, electrical) is called power
tools tool
What is the 110 volts is the recommended current rating for power tools
recommended
current rating of
power tools
used in oil / gas
field
What Permit
precautions you Electrical isolation
should take Lock and tag
before working Insulated tools
on an electrical Permit required PPE
panel Only competent electrical person to perform the job
14. Accident / near miss
What is a near Near Miss:
miss / unsafe Any incident that could have caused an injury, damage to property or production loss is
act / condition the circumstances were slightly different
Unsafe Act:
An action of a person that can lead to an injury, damage to property or production loss
Unsafe condition
A condition that may lead to an injury, damage to property or production loss
Why is near It is important because the causes of near miss must be removed to prevent the same or
miss reporting similar incident that may cause a serious injury
important
What to do if Immediately report to supervisor, call paramedic if injured person can not be moved. If the
you or your injury is serious than immediately call ambulance.
colleague is If you are trained first aider than provide first aid such as stopping bleeding etc…
involved in an
injury
15. Workplace Talks / Task briefings
What is Supervisors discuss the hazards and their control measures in the discussion their
workplace talk workers before the start of the task, this discussion is called workplace talk / task briefing.
(WPT) / task TRA is explained to workers so that they can understand the hazards and the control
briefings measures.
What is the aim Aim of workplace talk is to inform workers of hazards related to the task and other
behind carrying hazards that may affect them, control measures are informed to workers for safe
out the execution of task.
workplace talk
at site
Name some  Working at height safety
WPT topics  Hazardous atmosphere
 H2S
 Evacuation procedure
 Power tools safety
 Safe use of hand tools
 Confined space safety
 Permit to work requirements
 Lifting operation
 Heat stress prevention
 Working with chemicals
 High pressure
 Hot work precautions
 Housekeeping
 Material stacking
Who will Task supervisor shall carryout the WPT assisted by HSE personnel
carryout the
WPT
16. Task Risk Assessment - TRA
What is risk / Risk:
hazard Risk is defined as the product of the probability of a hazard resulting in an adverse event,
times the severity of the event. Risk = Likelihood of Occurrence x severity if incident
occurred.
Hazard:
Anything that has potential to cause harm is called hazard, if there is no hazard, there is
no risk. Therefore, risk is the product of hazard.
Why do we Risk assessments are conducted to identify hazards and calculate the probability and
need risk severity. Example, if we have to work on electric panel, we would need a risk assessment
assessment to ensure that all hazards are known based on the activity, risks are evaluated and control
measures are implemented.
Electricity is a hazard
Electric shock, burn or fire is the risk.
If we switch off the electrical supply to the panel than there will be no hazard, therefore
there will be no risk.
If we can not switch off the electric supply than we have to calculate
Risk = Likelihood x Severity
If likelihood and severity are high than we may have to change procedure, call an expert,
use special tools and PPE etc…
17. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
What is PPE / PPE is equipment used by personnel for their protection against possible hazards that
minimum can not be controlled through other controls (engineering, procedural, administrative
required PPE etc...)
PPE provides the last line of defense against the hazards.
Minimum PPE required on plant is:
 Hard hat
 Safety boots
 Eye protection
 Gloves
 Ear protection
What additional Welders would require the following PPE other than minimum required:
PPE is required  Welding glass (numbered)
for welders  Mask for protection against welding fumes)
whilst doing  Harness if work is at height
welding job  Welding grade shirt (full sleeves) and trouser.
 High ankle welding boots
 Welding gloves – not ordinary
18. Portable Gas Detection system
Why do we Gas monitoring is required to ensure that hazardous gasses are not present at work
need gas location. Most of the gases in oil and gas industry are colorless and can not be seen
monitoring therefore, a device is required to check their presence.
What does a A gas monitor displays the concentration of gases, flammable gases are displayed in LEL
gas monitor (lower explosive limit), H2S and CO are displayed in PPM and oxygen is displayed in
display percentage (%)
19. Hazardous material / substances
Name three of  H2S
hazardous  Hydrocarbons (highly flammable gases)
material - MSDS  Catalysts
 X-ray source
 Paints
 Oil – fuel
 Acids

MSDS stands for Material Safety Data Sheet. It is a document developed by the
manufacturer of the hazardous material (chemical) to provide information about the safety
precautions required in the use of hazardous material such as MSDS for acids, paints, oil,
gases etc…)
20. Emergency Response
What action If you are exposed to a gas leak, following actions shall be taken:
must be taken if  Stop the job
you are  Don / wear your escape set
exposed to a  Shut down the machine
gas leak  Check wind direction
 Move to muster point / assembly area. Cross wind, if you are down wind of the
leak AND go up wind if the leak is down wind of you.
 Do not attempt any rescue if you are not trained and if you do not have protective
equipment such as breathing apparatus.
21. Safety checks prior to start work
What are the Before starting any work, following safety checks shall be done:
main safety  Check permit, if the permit is not issued / signed work shall not be started
checks to be  Check tools and equipment, tools and equipment shall be in best working
done prior to condition
start work  Check if workers are competent for the work, job shall be assigned to qualified,
skilled and fit persons
 Perform Task briefing, supervisor shall inform his workers about the hazards of the
task, risks involved and control measures
 Check PPE as required by permit
 Check safety equipment availability as required by permit, this may include gas
detectors, fire extinguishers, fire hoses, B.A Trolley / set etc…
 Check if someone is working on top and around, simultaneous works are not
allowed.
 Check if area is gas tested and is free of hazardous gases
 Check if all workers know the emergency response procedure
22. Work Permit
Name some Following are the work permits used in a gas plant:
types of work  Open flame work permit: for activities where visible flame shall be produced,
permits example, welding, cutting, grinding
 Hot work permit: works that involve machines having internal combustion engines
where a heat or sparks may produce, example, use of crane, compressor etc…
 Cold work permit: for activities where there is no possibility of flame, heat or spark
generation, example, insulation work, cable laying and pulling etc…
 Confined space work permit: used for entry into a permit required confined space,
example, working in a trench deeper than 1 meter, entry into a tank, vessel, pit,
pipe etc… This permit is called certificate as well and shall be attached with the
main permit for the job such as hot, cold permit.
 Electrical isolation: this permit is required to request electrical isolation; this permit
shall be part of main permits.
 Excavation: for any sub-soil activity, manual or mechanical, example, digging a
cable trench. This permit shall be attached with one of the main permits.
What is the Permit to work (PTW) is required to ensure that required precautions are implemented
function of PTW based on the identified hazards for safe execution of the work.
PTW is also required for communication purposes, a PTW raised provides information to
all concerned parties / individuals that a certain activity would be carried out in a certain
area at a specific date and time
Who is Supervisor of the work is responsible for the preparation of safety equipment and site
responsible for preparation.
equipment Example, for a welding job, welding supervisor shall ensure that permit is raised and
safety approved, fire blankets have been placed, fire extinguishers are available, gas test has
preparation – been performed and is clear, assign fire watcher, check tools and equipment etc….
site safety
preparation
When is a hot Hot work permit is required for all the activities where there is a possibility of heat / spark
work required generation due to tool, equipment and work.
23. Grit blasting safety
What PPE is A compressor is used to throw special sand particles on a surface to clean it at a very
used during grit high speed.
blasting Person performing grit blasting shall use the following PPE:
 Blasting hood: this hood is specially designed to provide air to the user trough
compressor fitted with special filters; hood completely covers the blasters head,
face and provides protection against air borne particles.
  Long gloves, specially designed to protect hand of the blaster
 Special apron to protect the body
 High ankle safety boots
Safety checks Before blasting, following checks must be done:
before grit  Permit
blasting  Area shall be cleared of other personnel
 Area to be closed / barricaded
 Above mentioned PPE
 Inspected equipment, compressors, blasting pots, blasting hoses and nozzle
 Whip lash protection
 Hose connectors
 Experienced blasters
24. Fire fighting equipment
Name some fire  Fire extinguishing cylinders (dry power, CO2)
fighting  Charged hoses (water)
equipment  Sand (fire buckets)
 Fire blankets
List few types of  High expansion foam
fire  Dry chemical powder
extinguishers  CO2 – inert agent system
used in oil and  Water
gas field
A seal broken No, seal should be in place
on a fire
extinguisher but
it is in good
condition can be
used
What must be Empty cylinders shall be immediately sent for refilling to fire station – designated
done after a fire department
extinguisher or
BA cylinder is
used
What type of fire Classes of fires:
extinguisher in
each type of fire Fire Class Fuel Extinguisher
is used Class A Ordinary combustible material water / dry powder (water only
to be used if ignition source is
not electrical)
Class B & C Flammable liquids and gases Dry powder and foam
Class D Metal Dry chemical powder / CO2
Class E Electrical fire CO2
Class K Oil / fats CO2 / Dry chemical powder
25. Compressed Gas Cylinders
Main hazards Following are the main hazards of compressed gas cylinders:
 Explosion
 Fire
 Leakage of flammable gas
 Leakage of oxygen in confined space
 Handling of cylinders
Control Following are the control measures for safe use of compressed gas cylinders
measures,  Cylinders shall always be placed in vertical position.
storage,  Each type of cylinder shall be stored separately and empty cylinders shall be
transport, separated from full. Storage area shall be marked with type of cylinder.
handling  While shifting and in use, cylinders shall have protective caps on at all times and
can only be moved in a trolley, secured with chain.
 Check the cylinder condition; do not accept dented, corroded or poorly maintained
cylinders.
 Only experienced persons to connect gauge assembly with cylinders, before
attaching the assembly, crack open the valve to clear dust at the opening.
  Cylinders shall be kept minimum 5 meters away from the hot work area.
 Cylinders shall not be kept under direct sunlight, covers shall be provided on
trolley for shade
 Cylinders shall not be taken into a confined space.
 Cylinder valves shall be shut down when not in use.
 Prior to start of work, all hoses shall be checked for any defects / leaks. Leak
check shall be performed by the operator.
 Cylinders shall be equipped with flash back arrestors.
 In case of any leak from the cylinder / hose, main valve shall be shut down
immediately. Valve key shall be available with cylinders at all times.
26. House Keeping
Why good Hazards : Slip, Trip, fall ,fire, explosions, Pests infestation, rodents and other
House Keeping venomous animals
is Necessary?
 Eliminate all accident and fire hazards through adequate house keeping on daily
basis after each activity
 it saves money, materials, Efforts, and space
 Reflect an image of a well run organization.
How material Material properly stacked will provide more space for movement of personnel, vehicles
stacking can and equipment.
improve safety
27. Refueling
What are the Perceived Hazards : Fire, Explosions, spills, environmental damages
precautions for
refueling? Controls:
 This activity should be supervised by an experienced person.
 Use computable hose pipes to pour fuels in Generator, Vehicles, and
compressors, to avoid leakage due to reaction of fuel and hose material,
 Keep the area spark free to avoid fire and explosions.
 Flames are strictly prohibited in fuel dumping and around equipments run by
Petrol, Diesel, or CNG, LNG fuels.
 Keep the fuel transporting container well protected and leak proof to avoid Spills,
 Keep the flow of fuel at slow pace to avoid spill
 Keep the equipment on off mode during refueling.