SMOOTH STARTER FOR DC SHUNT MOTOR

USING BUCK-BOOST POWER CONVERTER

Rohit Kumar Anurag Choudhary Shimi S.L
ME Scholar ME Scholar Assistant Professor
Electrical Department Electrical Department Electrical Department
NITTTR,Chandigarhnitttrrohit2016 NITTTR,Chandigarhanurag.choudhary0 NITTTR,Chandigarh
@gmail.com 87@gmail.com shimi.reji@gmail.com

Abstract:This Paper deals with a smoothdc motor starter using Eb=Back EMF
dc/dc buck-boost converter simulated using Matlab -
SIMULINK. This type of converter is mainly used to regulate Ia= Armature current
the desired output voltage level and maintain dc motor speed Ra = Armature resistance
constant. The dc motor widely uses high precision digital I=Supply current
controllers. Thedc motor is a self-starting motor, having
various starting methods. The main limitation of 4-point starter If = Field winding current
is that it has no control on the high speed of the motor. The
field current automatically reduces to zero due to which the After applying KVL in source armature loop, ithave these
field winding of the motor gets opened under running equations:
condition, thus resulting in more power loss in the external V= +𝐼 𝑅 (1)
resistance of the four point starter. These limitations are 𝑉−
overcome by the present research work. The obtained results 𝐼 = 𝑅𝑎
(2)
show that the starting current of dc shunt motor has been
controlled with in the desired limit.
and back EMF,
Keywords : Smooth Starter, Buck-Boost Converter, dc motor.
𝑁𝑃𝜙
= (3)
6
I. INTRODUCTION
Eq.3 shows that back emf depends on the speed and flux of
Thedc shunt motor is a self-starting motor. So that there is dc motor. But at starting, speed and flux of dc motor is very
no need of starter. But several devices are used for starting low. At the starting of dc motor, flux is due to residual flux
ofdc shunt motor like 3-point starter or 4-point starter [1]. hence starting back emf is approximately zero or negligible.
But question arises that if dc shunt motor is self-starting then As result, armature current will be:
why we are using these several devices for starting of dc
shunt motor [2]. 𝑉
The investigators tried to find answer to this question with 𝐼 = (4)
𝑅𝑎
the help of mathematical expressions for the dc shunt motor.
These mathematical expressions are written on base of Fig.1 As the value of armature resistance is of the range of 0.5Ω to
3Ω (very low), the starting current is very high which can
damage the winding of motor. So there is a need to reduce
the value of starting current.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

The application of dc motors is in high precision digital

tools double-hulled tankers androlling mills, with high
control requirements [3]. Some external devices are used for
starting of dc motor [4]. Both 4-Point and 3-Point starters
have almost similar characteristics. 4-Point starter shown in
Fig. 2 acts as current limiting device in the absence of back
Fig.1DCshunt motor
emf, while starting of the dc motor. Now this mathematical
equation shows the operation of 4-point starter,
where: 𝑉
𝐼 =𝑅 (5)
𝑎 +𝑅
V=Supply voltage
1
Eq.5 shows the value of armature current. Comparing Eq.4
and Eq.5 we found that armature current will be reduce by
using 4-point starter. Now after starting, when motor will
reach at normal running condition, the external resistance
will be disconnected from armature winding and connected
in series with field winding. But, a lot of power loss occurs
continuously in the starting resistors in the form of heating
[5]. Eq.6 and Eq.7 represent field current and power loss in
external resistance respectively.
𝑉 Fig 3.Block diagram of the proposed system
𝐼 =𝑅 . (6)
+𝑅
The dc supply voltage is given to the Buck-Boost converter.
𝑃 =𝐼 𝑅 𝑥 (7) When switch (MOSFET) is closed, it supplies current to
Buck- Boost inductor[12]. When switch is open then
Another drawback of this starter is that there is no control
inductor supply current to load. The power converter works
on the high speed of motor [6]. The dc shunt motor field
either as buck or boost converter, depends on duty cycle of
current automatically reduces to zero, if the field winding of
converter. When duty cycle (α) lies between 0.0and 0.5 then
the motor gets opened under running condition. But residual
converter acts as buck converter [13]. When duty cycle of
flux is still present in the motor which is inversely
converter lies between 0.5 and 1 then converter operates as
proportional to the speed of the motor [7]. Therefore the
boost converter. If duty cycle is reached at 0.5 then both
speed of the dc motor increases drastically led to critical
Vout (output voltage) and Vsupply(supply voltage) is equal.
condition of dc motor and its protection. This sudden
The conventional system used in industry has a
change in the speed of the dc shunt motor is called as High-
disadvantage of power consumption in the form of heat in
Speed Action of the Motor [8].
starting resistance[14]. The main purpose of this study is to
save that power loss which occurs in conventional starter by
controlling current of motor during starting as well as in
normal operating condition using a power electronics
switch. The proposed work is used to improve efficiency
and the performance of machine [15].

IV. BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER

Fig.4 shows internal structure of the buck boost converter

used to regulate dc power supply [16].

Fig. 4 Buck Boost Converter

Fig. 2 DC Shunt motor connected with 4-point starter
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Now in this research work the four point starter is replaced
by Power electronics device, Buck-Boost converters. Buck-
Boost converters are used for both operations, to step up and
step down the source voltage[9]. The microcontroller can
beused for the controlling signal to power converters and
programmed to carry out a vast range of task [10]. They are
programmed with timers to control duty cycle of converter.
Power consumption of microcontroller is negligible [11].
Here microcontroller is used to control duty cycle of buck-
boost converter.
The dc-dc buck-boost converter offers a greater level of
capability because it combines the principles of the buck
converter and the boost converter in a single circuit[17].
There are two different types of modes in the buck boost
converter.
1. Continuous conduction mode.
2. Discontinuous conduction mode.
The inductor current flows continuously in continuous
conduction modeof buck boost converter. Fig.5 shows
voltage waveform across inductor in continuous mode.

2
 Fig. 7Buck-Boost converter: boundary of continuous discontinuous
conduction
Now, using Fig.7
𝐼 = 𝑖 , 𝑘 (12)
𝑇𝑉
𝐼 = (13)

using KCL know that

𝐼 =𝐼 −𝐼 (14)
Fig. 5 Continuous conduction mode voltage After solution it’s found that

Since Inductor voltage over one cycle of time period is Zero. 𝐼 =𝐼 − (15)
,𝑚 𝑥
𝑉 𝑇 + −𝑉 − 𝑇 = 8)
𝐼 =𝐼 ,𝑚 𝑥 − (16)
𝑉0
𝑉
= (9) Now, duty cycle D is function found as
−
𝑉 2 𝐼
In the discontinuous conduction mode current through the =𝑉 √ (17)
𝐼 𝐵, 𝑎
inductor goes to zero before switching time. Hence the
inductor will totally discharge. Fig.6 show voltage waveform The parameters like L and C for buck-boost converter can be
drop across inductor in discontinuous mode. determined with the help of the following equations:

Inductor (L) calculation:

𝑉 ∗ 𝑉𝑖 𝑎 −𝑉
𝐿= (18)
𝑖 𝑉𝑖 𝑎 𝐼

Capacitor (C)calculation:

𝑖 𝐼
= (19)
8 𝑉 𝑖
where:
Fig.6Discontinuous mode voltage Fsw = converterswitching frequency; Voutripple = output
voltage ripple; Iout = maximum output current; Kind=
Integrating Inductor voltage over complete cycle of time estimated coefficient that represents the amount of inductor
period yields to Zero [18]. ripple current relative to the maximum output current.

𝑉 𝑇 + −𝑉 𝛥 𝑇 + 𝛥 𝑇 = 10)
𝑉0
= (11)
𝑉 ∆
Now, determine boundary condition between continuous and
discontinuous mode.
The buck boost converter in its basic form is capable of
transferring energy only in one direction. This converter has
following advantage; it gives higher output voltage, Low
operating duty cycle, Low voltage drop across MOSFETs
[19].
V. SIMULATED MODEL

The proposed simulatedwork in MATLAB/SIMULINK for

provide a smooth starting of dc shunt motor using two buck-
boost converters model having MOSFETs as switches [20].

I. DC Shunt Motor without Starter

The SIMULINK model a dc shunt motor has been started
without any starter. If dc shunt motor started directly, supply
is given in armature and field winding with full voltage
rating of machine. The data for simulation is given below.

3
 The starters hold on coil is connected directly across the
source voltage through a resistance R. The four point starter
does not provide protection to the motor in high speed
running condition as field gets opened.The starter reduces
the starting current by introducing a high resistance in series
with motor for controlling armature current. Fig.9 shows
SIMULINK diagram of dc shunt motor starting with four
point starters. During the starting, resistance is connected in
series with armature of dc shunt motor. Same data sheet is
used which is given in dc shunt motor without starter [22].
Now in case of dc shunt motor starting with four –point
starter, mathematical equation is following:

Fig.8 Simulation model of dc shunt motor without starter 𝑉= +𝐼 𝑅 +𝑅 𝑥 (21)

Table.1 Specification for simulation without starter Now in starting condition back EMF will be zero. Then
Specification Magnitude armature current will be 19.02A
H.P Rating 5 HP Power loss at starting of motor in external resistance during
Voltage 240 V starting condition is 3617.604W.
Armature Resistance(Ra) 2.581Ω
If starting time is 2 minute. Then amount of energy loss
during this duration is 120.5868Whr
Field Resistance(Rf) 281.3Ω
After reaching the normal operating condition, these
Rated current 19A resistances are allowed to connect in series with field
No-load current 11.24A winding for controlling field current. The field current at
Speed 1750rpm starting was evaluated as 0.8531A and at normal working
condition it was 0.82385A.
On the behalf ofthis data sheet mathematical results Now power loss in external resistance during running
aredetermined. condition:
Consider that motor is running for 5hr. So the continuous
𝑉= +𝐼 𝑅 (20) Power Loss occurs in the resistance in the form of heat is
33.9397 Whr.
But in starting back emf (Eb) will not be generated. So that
III. DC Shunt Motor with Buck- Boost Converter
back emf (Eb) will be zero at starting condition and then Ia of
In this simulation a two buck boost converters are used to
92.9A and If of 0.8531A are evaluated.
provide smooth starting of dc shunt motor. In this proposed
It was found that the armature current is very high. When
system the power loss is neglected by using the power
this high current flows through the motor armature winding
electronics devices [21].
it will burn. In this model have studied the starting current
characteristics of dc shunt motor.

II. DC Shunt Motor with Four Point Starter

In this SIMULINK model a four point starter is used for
starting of dc shunt motor.

Fig.10 Simulation model of dc shunt motor withbuck-boost

Fig.9 Simulation model of dc shunt motor with four point starter. converter.
4

These two converters are used for controlling the field and
armature current of dc shunt motor.
i. Starting Condition
The Simulation result of Matlab/SIMULINK model
developed without starter of dc shunt motor, starting
armature current is high as shown in Fig.11 cause of high
current armature winding burnout. The field current and
speed is shown in Fig.12 and Fig.13 respectively.

First converter operates as boost converter and second

converter operates as a buck converter. In the field winding,
full supply voltage is given to dc shunt motor through first
converter; second converter supplied reduced voltage across
the armature winding. The mathematical equations for
finding the parameters during starting condition are:

Parameters for converter 1:

Duty cycle for converter 1 is 0.496.
The field winding current at starting is evaluated as
0.8426A.
using Eq.18 Value L of 2.344x10-4H is evaluated. Similar
using Eq.19 Value C of3.1559 x10-6 F is evaluated. Fig.11 Simulation result of dc shunt motor armature
currentwithout starter
Parameters for converter 2:
The armature winding current of 0.10.36A and voltage
across armature of 26.73V at starting are evaluated.
Duty cycle for converter 2 is 0.10021.
Using Eq.18 Value L of 1.5285x10 -4 H is evaluated. Similar
using Eq.19 Value C of 2.7618 x 10-3 F is evaluated.

ii. Operating Condition

First converter operates as a buck converter which reduces

the voltage across field winding by varying duty cycle.
Second converter operates as a boost converter which gives
voltage across armature winding nearly equal to supply
voltage. Fig.12 Simulation result of dc shunt motor field current
Determining parameters for converter 1:
Duty cycle for converter 2 is 0.47.82
The field winding current at starting is evaluated as
0.7820A.
Parameters for converter 2:
Duty cycle for converter 2 is 0.4893.

V. SIMULATION RESULT

The proposed buck-boost based starter for dc shunt motor ,

which consists of two power electronics converter with
minimum loss as compare with conventional method four
point starter. There are three different result in whichour
proposed work has better control parameter.
a) DC Shunt Motor without Starter
Fig.13 Simulation result of dc shunt motor speed
b) DC Shunt Motor with Four Point Starter
This simulation result shows current variation in armature
and field winding of machine. It shows that current is limited
and gradually reducing.

5
 c) DC Shunt Motor with Buck- Boost Converter
This simulation result shows the current variation during
starting and operating condition of machine. The Fig.17
shows the simulation result of armature winding current. The
satrting armature current is controllable as shown in Fig. 17
from 0.02Second to 0.4 Second, operating cuurent from 0.4
sceond to 0.6 second is control by varying the duty cycle of
converters. The field current and speed are also controllable
by varying the duty cycle as shown in Fig.18 and Fig.19
respectively.

Fig.14 Simulation result of dc shunt motor armature currentwith four point

starter

Fig.17Simulation result of current variation in armature

Starting and operating condition.

Fig.15Simulation result of dc shunt motor field current withfour point

starter

Fig.18Simulation result of current variation in field

Fig.16Simulation result of dc shunt motor speed with four point starter starting and operating condition.

6
 mathematical and simulink model results has been
successfully achieved. The obtained results have shown that
there is no ohmic loss in the starting device under starting as
well as running mode of operation in addition to the
variation in speed and torque.

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