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SCOPE This method is used in the characterization of palm oil in international trade. This method is applicable to
palm oil and hard fats, including palm kernel oil, coconut oil, stearin, hydrogenated fats, and hard tallows.
It is less satisfactory for lard, soft tallows, and animal fats. It is unsatisfactory for lard compounds, mixtures
of hard and soft fats, and emulsions.
APPARATUS
1. Melting point tubes—capillary glass tubing, 1 mm i.d., 2 mm o.d. maximum, convenient length 50–80 mm.
Kontes brand (available from Kimble Chase, Rockwood, TN, USA), or equivalent.
2. Thermometer—range –2–68 °C or –2–80 °C (AOCS Specification H 6-40 or H 7-45, respectively), which should
be calibrated against a National Institute of Standard & Testing (NIST)-traceable thermometer.
All rights reserved. No part of this method may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisher.
PROCEDURE
1. Melt the test sample, and filter through filter paper to remove any impurities and the last traces of moisture. It is
essential that the test portion be absolutely dry.
2. Dip at least 3 clean capillary tubes in the completely liquid test portion so that the test portion rises about 10 mm
high in the tubes. Chill the test portion at once by holding the ends of the tubes that contain the test portion
against a piece of ice until the fat solidifies.
3. Place the tubes in a beaker and hold in a refrigerator 2 at 4–10 °C (40–50 °F) for 16 hr (may be done overnight).3
4. Remove the tubes from the refrigerator and attach with a rubber band, or by any suitable means, to the ther-
mometer so that the lower ends of the melting point tubes are even with the bottom of the mercury bulb of the
thermometer.
5. Suspend the thermometer in a 600 mL beaker of clear distilled water. The bottom of the thermometer is immersed
in the water to the immersion mark.
6. Adjust the starting bath temperature to 8–10 °C below the slip point of the test portion. Agitate the water bath
with a small stream of air, or other suitable means, and apply heat so as to increase the bath temperature at the rate
of 1 °C/min, slowing the rate to 0.5 °C/min as the slip point is approached.
7. Continue heating until the fat column rises in each tube. Observe the temperature at which each column rises, and
calculate the average temperature of all tubes. Report this as the slip point.
Cc 3-25 ■ Slip Melting Point, AOCS Standard Open Tube Melting Point
PRECISION
The interlaboratory study completed by PORIM in 1980, in which 13 laboratories participated, each obtaining two test
results for each individual test portion analyzed, gave the statistical results summarized in the following table.a
Test Samplesb
Parameter A B C
NOTES
All rights reserved. No part of this method may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisher.
1 A water bath with thermostat may be used for closer temperature control.
2 Palm oil and palm oil products should be tempered at 10 ± 1 °C for 16 hr.
3 For a rapid method for quality control purposes, the 16 hr may be reduced to 2 hr or 1 hr. The result shall be reported
as “slip point, 2 hours” or “slip poin`t, 1 hour.” For most fats, the slip point at 2 hr is about 0.2 °C lower than the
standard slip point at 16 hr. For palm olein the difference is greater, about 1.2 °C.
REFERENCE
1. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 59(5):244 (1982).
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) is a colorless, volatile, nonflammable liquid stances. Perform manipulations under a properly operating fume hood. Take partic-
chlorinated hydrocarbon that will emit toxic fumes of phosgene when exposed to ular precautions, such as the use of a glove box, when toxins are in dry form, because
sunlight or flames. It is an irritant to eyes and skin. The TLV is 50 ppm in air. of their electrostatic nature and resulting tendency to disperse in working areas. Swab
accidental spills of toxin with 5% NaOCl bleach. Rinse all glassware exposed to tox-
Tetrahydrofuran is a highly flammable liquid and a dangerous fire risk. The flammable ins with 1% NaOCl bleach solution and then wash thoroughly with warm water.
limits in air are 2–11%. It is toxic by ingestion and inhalation. The TLV in air is 200
ppm. It tends to form peroxides upon storage in air.
REFERENCES
Toluene is a highly flammable liquid and a dangerous fire risk. Explosive limits in air
are 1.27–7%. It is toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. The TLV is Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 14th edn.,
100 ppm in air. A fume hood should be used at all times when using toluene. 1984, pp. 1010–1015.
Trichloroethane is a synthetic, light-sensitive, volatile, colorless, liquid miscible with Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives, 7th edn., Blackwell
many nonpolar organic solvents. It is an irritant to eyes and skin. The TLV is 350 Scientific Publications, 1987.
ppm in air.
Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th edn., revised by N. I. Sax and R. J.
Xylene is flammable and a dangerous fire risk. The TLV is 100 ppm in air. Lewis, Jr., 1987.