Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
as presented by Group 2
PURO
Northern Luzon
Norther Vizcaya, Western
Isabela and Southern Ifugao:
-I’wak, Ikalahan, Ilongot
Geographical Location
Mindoro
Western highland
Mindoro- Iraya
Estern Mindoro –
Ratagnon, Hanunoo and Buhid
Central Mindoro –
Batangan, Tadyawan and
Alangan
PALAWAN REGION
Geographical Location
Palawan
Tau’t Bato – slash-and burn
agriculturists, often mistaken
as cave dwellers
Settlement pattern
House furnishings are few. There
stoves made of stones or clay.
There is a structure the Sulod
people call “tarap-anan” where
they place their kitchen utensils
There are also earthen jars and
bamboo tubes containing water for
drinking and washing.
There are also mortar and pestles
for pounding rice and large basket
containers.
Sala set is limited to bamboo or
wooden benches and people
usually sit on the ground to eat.
Economic Pattern
Most ethnic communities
integrated at the Puro level of
social organization are dry-rice
agriculturists, practicing shifting
cultivation.
Marriage is generally
characterized by complex
negottiations and elaborate
religious ceremonies.
-”bride-gift”
Social Structure
- spokespersons called
‘kefeduwan’ by the Tiruray and
‘tagapatigayun’ by the sulod are
employed to argue and bargain for
the marriage of a boy and a girl.
Social Structure
-levirate is common
-divorce is practiced and is
accompanied by prolonged and
expensive litigations
Leadership pattern
Usually assumed by the most
influential leader who possesses
the personal ability to persuade
and influence.
Leadership pattern
“kahimataan”- council of elders
that are closely related that
actively participate in all
community affairs
“timbang” – assistant of the
parangkuton
Leadership pattern
Buhid Mangyan
-“tultulan” or “ampangan”-
informal meetings, collective
discussions or talks
“setiyawan”- collective
discussions are differentiated from
ordinary ones
“kemukum”- authoritative
announcement
Religion and art
Puro religious organization is
based on a belief in a myriad
spirits which include their dead
ancestors,
1. Baratakan 5. Hagbayan
2. Sanguban 6. Turupadan
3.Handugan 7. Banawangun
4. Tagbungan
Religion and art
Elaborate rituals which include
séances, offerings, dancing,
chanting, animal sacrifices and
drinking.
Padapun (Sulod) and Panludan
(Hanunoo) are ceremonies
celebrated to honor their ancestors
Sandugo- blood compacts
Summary
1. the practice of swidden
agriculture as the major source of
subsistence
2. the presence of part-time craft
specialists
3. the presence of trade with other
ethnic groups
4. the emerging stratification
based on accumulated material
culture
Summary
5. the absence of a truly central
political authority
6. the presence of a community-
wide annual magico-religious
festivities
7. the presence of religious
functionaries
8. the strong emphasis on custom
laws as the basis of settling
disputes
9. the absence of warfare, except in
family feuds which often involve
several communities