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Short Co~unication
1. Introduction
From the different stages of the early time evolution of the Newtonian
wake now being described, it will be easier to explain the differences induced
by the presence of polyethylene-oxide in water.
At Re = 2000, no significant differences are observed between the flow in
water and in a 200 ppm polyox solution. This may be explained by the fact
that under these conditions, the Weissenberg number is low (about 0.2) and
so, we are in the presence of a weak flow: the characteristic time of the flow
is larger than that of the fluid.
At Re = 4500, the Weissenberg number is now 5 times larger than for
Re = 1000, and clear differences appear. To present them, we compare, in
Table 1, comments about photographs obtained in water and in the polyox
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TABLE 1
The main eddy E, is, in its turn, The phenomenon is more and more
becoming turbulent while keeping evident, local velocity of the fluid
roughly its strength (proportionnal to the dash length) is
lower and lower
4. Conclusion
Although, the photographs we obtained in this work are not yet com-
pletely analyzed and interpreted, they provide new evidences of the influence
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of the presence of drag reducing agents on the structure of a wake and its
time evolution. In particular, they show their stabilizing effect in the period
of the laminar-to-turbulent transition of the eddies.
Re=rlOOO
Re= 4500
Re=4500
Fig. 3. Comparative flow visualizations.
234
References
1 D.F. James and A.J. Acosta, (1970) J. Fluid Mech., 42 (2) (1970) 269.
2 P. Townsend, (1980) J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 6 (1980) 219.
3 D. Sigli, Pets. Commun., (1980).
4 0. Manero and B. Mena, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 9 (1981) 379.
5 P. Townsend, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 14 (1984) 265.
6 R. Bouard and M. Coutanceau, J. Fluid Mech., 79 (1977) 231.
7 H. Werle, Rech. Aerosp., 4 (1984) 265-274.
8 R. Bouard and M. Coutanceau, J. Fluid Mech., 101 (1980) 583.