Simulation of Operational Amplifiers

Simulation
of Date of completion:
Operational
Amplifiers
Evaluation
Completed By:
by Lab
…………………………………………………………………..
instructor:

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 Simulation of Operational Amplifiers

Operational Amplifiers

An operational amplifier or OP-AMP is a DC-coupled voltage amplifier with a

very high voltage gain. Op-amp is basically a multistage amplifier in which a
number of amplifier stages are interconnected to each other in a very complicated
manner. It is available in IC (Integrated Circuit) chip. It is an electronic circuit of
many electronic components already connected and packaged inside a chip of
many pins for external connection. Originally, op-amps were so named because
they were used to model the basic mathematical operations of addition, subtraction,
integration, differentiation, etc. in electronic analog computers. In this sense a true
operational amplifier is an ideal circuit element. The 741 op-amp has a symbol as
shown below.

Where,
 V+: noninverting input
 V−: inverting input
 Vout: output
 VS+: positive power supply
 VS−: negative power supply
In this experiment we will design and study op-amp as adder, subtractor,
integrator, differentiator etc. and find suitable applications for the same.

Procedure:
1) Open PSIM, Create new file
2) Select elements from element toolbar or click ELEMENTS from menu bar-
>Power->Other->Op.amp
3) Model the circuit as shown below and assign the given values to elements by
double clicking them.

Circuit Simulation Lab. Dept. of Elect. Engg. C.O.E.Pune

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 Simulation of Operational Amplifiers

4) Place voltage probe at the input and output nodes to observe the relation
between the input and output signals.
5) Run the simulation.
6) A new window of ‘Data Display Selection’ will appear, select variables to
be observed.
7) Plot the graphs of input voltage and output voltage for each simulated case
on the graph paper.
8) Answer the questions asked at the end of every sub-experiment performed in
one to two lines.

[A] To simulate Inverting, Non-Inverting and buffer amplifier Op-amp.

Q.1) What is the function of an operational amplifier?

Q.2) What is the gain of the inverting and non-inverting amplifier in terms of
resistances?

Circuit Simulation Lab. Dept. of Elect. Engg. C.O.E.Pune

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 Simulation of Operational Amplifiers

[B] To simulate Op-amp as differentiator.

Q.1) If input of a differentiator is sine wave, then what is the output of the
differentiator?

Q.2) Increase the value of capacitor and observe simulated output. What is the
effect of increase in capacitor? Why ?

Q. 3) Observe the effect of Rf =0. Justify why it is so?

Circuit Simulation Lab. Dept. of Elect. Engg. C.O.E.Pune

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 Simulation of Operational Amplifiers

[C] To simulate Op-amp as integrator.

Q.1) What is the relation between I/p and O/p voltage when the input is triangular
wave of maximum amplitude 2 and frequency of 2 Hz?

Q. 2) Now observe effect of increase in input frequency? why it is so?

Q.3) If i/p of the integrator is d.c voltage, then which type of waveforms will be
obtained at the o/p of the integrator?

Q.4) Can the above simulated circuit be used as a filter? If yes, what type of filter
can be realized using the above circuit?

Circuit Simulation Lab. Dept. of Elect. Engg. C.O.E.Pune

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 Simulation of Operational Amplifiers

[D]To simulate Op-amp as Adder and Subtractor.

Q.1) What is the scaling amplifier?

Q.2) Consider two slow varying input sinusoidal waveforms of different amplitude
and frequency and observe output of both adder and subtractor . Comment on your
observation.

Circuit Simulation Lab. Dept. of Elect. Engg. C.O.E.Pune

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 Simulation of Operational Amplifiers

[E] To simulate Wein bridge oscillator using op-amp.

Initial capacitor voltage for both capacitors = 5V

Q.1)What is frequency of oscillator?

Q.2)What is the effect of increase in R1 and R2?

Q.3)Which elements in the above circuit dominate in defining the frequency

of the output waveform? Tune the circuit to obtain frequency of 50Hz.

Circuit Simulation Lab. Dept. of Elect. Engg. C.O.E.Pune

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 Simulation of Operational Amplifiers

[F] To simulate square wave generator using op-amp.

(A comparator must be used here. Op. amp. will not work in this circuit as the op.
amp. model in PSIM works only in the feedback mode.)

Q.1) When input of a square wave generator is a D.C signal, then what is the
output of a square wave generator?

Q.2) What is frequency of output?

Q.3) Design a circuit to be connected to the output of the above circuit to get
a triangular wave?

Circuit Simulation Lab. Dept. of Elect. Engg. C.O.E.Pune

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