the delegation of Peru.

Allies: China (free trade agreement), Israel (interested), Argentina and Chile (UN Peacekeeping forces),
Pacific Alliance (Mexico, Colombia, and Chile), Argentina (sided in Falkland Islands dispute against UK),
Organization of American States (OAS), APEC, Union of South American States (UNASUR), Forum for East
Asia-Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC), Andean Community of States, Community of Latin American and
Caribbean States (CELAC)
Enemies: US & Mexico (illicit drugs mainly coming from Peru), Chile (sudden surge of Peruvian migrants,
was forced to cede maritime territory to Peru in a dispute, unresolved dispute over desert)
Strategy: arrange a southern americas (or even just an americas) group during smun seminar cause clearly
you cannot do this alone

Nearby Allies: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Paraguay, United States, Uruguay

Area: 1,285,216, sqm km country, slightly smaller than Alaska

Climate: tropical (east), dry (west), very cold(andes)
Terrain: Western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes (center, sierra), eastern lowland jungle of
Amazon (selva). Highest point 6,768m
Natural Resources: Copper, Silver, Gold, Petroleum, Timber, Fish, Iron, Ore, Coal, Phosphate, Potash,
Hydropower, Natural Gas (2nd largest producer of silver and copper in the world)
Land Use: agricultural land 18.8% (arable land 3.1%, permanent crops 1.1%, permanent pasture 14.6%),
forest 53%, other 28.2% (2011 est.)

Population: 29,248,943
Population Growth: 1.029%
Ethnic Groups: Amerindian 45%, mestizo 37%, White 15%, other 3%
Religions: Roman Catholic (81.3%), Evangelical (12.5%), other (3.3%), none (2.9%)
Languages: Spanish (official), Quecha (official), Aymara (official), Ashaninka, minor amazonian Languages
Migrants: 3.2 migrants/ 1000 population, 7% migration rate, total of 10% migrated. 2008-2009 Peru
economic crisis

Free Trade Partners: US (2nd largest), EU, Australia, Chile, Singapore, China (largest), Korea, Japan, Mexico,
Panama, Costa Rica, Canada; Cuba, Argentina, and Brazil (partial preferential trade agreements)

Government: Constitutional Republic, Civil Law System, Unitary Presidential Republic

President: Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (resigned March 21, 2018 due to vote-buying issue)
Vice President: Martin Alberto Vizcarra Cornejo (now the acting President)

Total Peacekeeping Forces

Current Soldier Count: 369,330
Air Force: 275 Units
Navy: 60 Units
Ground Troops: 85 Combat Tanks, 890 Armored FIghting Vehicles, 12 Self-Propelled Artillery, 243 Towed
Artillery, 80 Rocket Projectors
Notable Operations within the Middle East
- none
In DPRK
- none

Promoting regional stability in the Middle East Commented [1]: how are we going to solve any
- Peru is reaching out to Middle East investors such as 6 billion dollar Lima subway, 4 billion gas refugee crisis tho like there are way too many refugees
in dangerous places and literally no country wants to
pipelines, and 500 million international airport in Cusco bring them in
- Israel is interested, can cause tensions Commented [2]: well yeah haha that's why the usual
- Food Trade between Peru and Middle East increased exponentially within the last five years solution is to just make refugee camps in syria itself
- Other than that, Peru does not interfere with the Middle East all that much Commented [3]: no one wants to bring em in because
- Peru accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations, accepts ICCt jurisdiction then the syrian gov is gonna get pissed at the countries
that do
- Stance
- Peru has its interests in the Middle East, so releasing tensions between conflicting
countries isn’t a good idea. Maybe between countries and non-state actors?
- In relation to the recent actions in Syria, Peru expresses its deep concern and calls for the
moderation of all the actors concerned in order to avoid an escalation that endangers
international peace and security.
- Peru has recognized and signed multiple resolutions regarding the Middle East conflict,
including ones in Yemen
- Peru condemns the use of chemical weapons and considers that any response to these
atrocious crimes must conform to international law, and therefore supports the deployment
of a research mission of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
to Syria , and considers it urgent that the Security Council establish a mechanism that
allows the identification and prosecution of those responsible
- Peru, as president of the Security Council, is working for a political solution to the conflict
in Syria, as well as for the protection of civilians, in a manner consistent with the Charter of
the United Nations and international law.
- Peru supports the willingness of the Secretary General of the United Nations to interpose
his good offices and considers it necessary and urgent to establish a mechanism of
attribution of responsibilities on the use of chemical weapons in Syria.
- UHH REFUGEES ARE LIKE A BIG PROBLEM AND PERU HAS NO INTEREST HAVING THEM
WITHIN OUR BORDERS
- Recognizes Palestine
- Actions
- So I guess Peru is mainly able to promote regional stability through economics, definitely
more than combating forces.
 - Peace first between conflicting nations and the eradication of nuclear and chemical
weapons
- Peru has and still is donating a lot of forces to the UN, not to mention the army of Peru is
sort of ok enough to be able to do crap
- Have done operations for the UN in Israel and in Lebanon
- Honors the IHL and the R2P, to place peacekeeping forces
- Able to supply humanitarian aid to refugees within the Middle East, considering the
exponential growth in business between Peruvian-Middle Eastern food companies
- REMOVE THEM CHEMICAL WEAPONS
Threats to International Peace and Security (Addressing DPRK)
- Stance
- The Government of Peru welcomes the announcement made by the Democratic People's
Republic of Korea on the suspension of its nuclear program and intercontinental ballistic
missile tests.
- In the past, Peru has continuously been following the nuclear actions of DPRK and
condemning all of its missile tests
- Peru is deeply saddened to hear DPRK withdraw the suspension of its nuclear program as
well as peace talks between South Korea
- Really hate the missile strikes and doing a lot to prevent NK from doing stupid stuff
- In September 17, 2017 Peru expelled a DPRK diplomat, which is kind of a big deal because
of diplomatic immunity
- DPRK was like, woah you can’t do that and you’re adding fuel to the fire.
- Actions
- Urge DPRK and South Korea to reconcile (ask South Korea for help)
- Refrain from the US to do anything stupid
- Encourage China to continue investing?
- Encourage international investors to consider NK if they have peace talks
- Continue the sanctions imposed by the UNSC (restrictin 90% of nuclear material into DPRK)
Recalling the Geneva Convention of 1925 which condemned the use of chemical weapons for
warfare,

Further recalling the Office of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and their role in monitoring
the eradication of chemical weapons,

Guided by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 which banned the stockpiling and
production of chemical weapons and provided a framework for the eradication of such,

Further guided by UN Resolution 1540 which states that states are not to support non-state
actors who wish to weaponize chemicals,

Condemning the use and production of chemical weapons by any state,

Bearing in mind the failed attempts by the Republic of Korea, Japan, and the Organization
for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in executing an impartial investigation
into chemical weapon production in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and
acknowledging that the cause of this is due to non-agreement with the DPRK,

Defining chemical weapons as choking, blister, blood, or nerve agents created using chemicals
which may deliberately cause death, injury, temporary incapacity, and severe irritance to be used
for warfare,

Defining private entities as, but not limited to, terrorist groups,

Chapter I. Tackling Private Entities

1. Resolves to impose a 4-point action plan in order to eradicate chemical weapons for private
entities which consists of:

2. Reiterates member states not to support of chemical weapons

a. Encourages Member States to conduct profiling of private entities that deals
with chemicals with potential weaponization within their own nations;
b. Recommends the member states pass a legislation that regulates the uses of said
chemicals.

3. Criminalizes activities associated with chemical weapons

a. Encourages member states to review and reinforce current legislations
regarding the restrictions of certain chemicals;
b. Recommends nations without these laws to create such legislations to regulate
the chemicals used in their state in the effort to eradicate chemical weapons;
c. Calls on member states that are signatories of the UN Resolution 1540 to take
note the provisions of the said resolution as they create or revise their current
laws
4. Establishes effective measures for control and;
a. Calls upon nations to create rigorous training programs for inspection teams
in various places to ensure the proper movement of chemicals within the state
by:
i. Promoting transnational training programs between countries to support
each other in their efforts of strictly monitoring chemicals and;
ii. Enumerating the training programs of these countries as to but not
limited to:
1. K-9 Unit Training
2. Ground (private and public establishments), Air (airports and
airspace) and Naval (ports) Security Training
5. Encourages international cooperation and assistance between States willing but lacks the
capacity to completely eradicate their potentially harmful chemicals,

Chapter II. Tackling Government Entities

6. Calls on non-signatory states to sign and ratify the Chemical Weapons Convention, such
as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, South Sudan, and the Arab Republic of
Egypt

10. Decides to remain fully seized in this matter

 Promoting regional stability in the Middle East Commented [4]: how are we going to solve any
refugee crisis tho like there are way too many refugees
Sometimes, the world wonders whether or not tragedies within the Middle East should be called in dangerous places and literally no country wants to
a “conflict.” 1 It’s history spanning decades has, unfortunately, become a way of life more than bring them in
conflict for its victims and observers. Commented [5]: well yeah haha that's why the usual
solution is to just make refugee camps in syria itself
The Middle East Conflict, which affects more than just the Middle East but also certain parts of Commented [6]: no one wants to bring em in because
North Africa, is complex and multidimensional; woven beyond the differences between then the syrian gov is gonna get pissed at the countries
individuals and nations and extending to racism, religion, economic crises, and even radical that do
extremism. 2 From refugees in Syria to long standing fights with Israeli forces, from chemical Commented [7]: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-
attacks and bombings to and from various conflicting states3 to the violent acts of internationally middle-east-29154941
funded local “peacekeepers. 4 Not to mention, non state actors very much set on bringing their Commented [8]: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/mid
own flair of peace. 5 Regrettably, violence has become the staple of action in the Middle East dleeast/2007/09/200852519252884626.html
Conflict. Commented [9]: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/08/
world/middleeast/syria-chemical-attack-ghouta.html
The Delegation of Peru believes that, in its own interests as well as others, that maintaining Commented [10]: http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/06/17/t
order, establishing security, respecting sovereignty, and understanding fully is vital to solve the he-syrian-rebels-and-international-law/
current crisis. In fact, the nation of Peru has acknowledged many UN resolutions for maintaining Commented [11]: http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/06/17/t
peace and security in the Middle East, most notably the ceasefire in UNSC Resolution 338 and he-syrian-rebels-and-international-law/
Resolution 2402 6 as well as donating sizable amounts of troops for the UN peacekeepers also Commented [12]: http://www.ipripak.org/wp-
for the sake of security. content/uploads/2015/04/3-article-w15.pdf
Commented [13]: http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/06/17/t
Hoping to alleviate the conflict due to recent increased tensions between Israel and Syria, the he-syrian-rebels-and-international-law/
Delegation of Peru urges member states, particularly all that are directly affected, concerned, or Commented [14]: http://unscr.com/en/country/PER?to
included within/about the conflict to be able to discuss pressing issues and produce feasible pic_id=58
approaches to the conflict through a UN hosted summit, hopefully in spirit of respecting the
ideals of other nations before taking immediate action. Nonetheless, the delegation recommends
starting with a total ceasefire between all conflicting nations. Also stressing the fact that some
Middle Eastern nations and groups have in possession chemical weapons, and some even nuclear
and biological weapons, capable of doing major damage to not just conflicting military forces
but also to neighboring citizens, the Delegation of Peru offers its help to collaborate with the
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and the Disarmament and
International Security Committee (DISEC) to eradicate these before they are used haphazardly.
To the non-state actors, the delegation of Peru also wishes for member states to share and
collaborate in terms of peacekeeping forces and intelligence agencies. Both to help surround
these non-state actors and identify their underlying motives, future actions, and key personnel.

Not to mention the massive amounts of refugees and war victims, the delegation also offers its
help to provide quick humanitarian aid to refugee camps and concerned areas hrough Peru’s
sudden exponential food trade to Middle Eastern countries.

Deeply sorrowed, 8 this delegation sees that universal peace, and not by the sole victory of any
nation, to be the greatest solution to the situation and will do the best it can to achieve that. The
world does not need more wars. This delegation strongly urges other member states to share the
same ideology and to support the proposed actions. Commented [15]: http://andina.pe/ingles/noticia-peru-
expresses-deep-sorrow-for-violent-acts-in-the-middle-
east-705664.aspx
 Threats to International Peace and Security (Addressing DPRK)
Peace—it is an idea that all nations strive to accomplish, but for the time being far from our own
reality. For as long as the United Nations has stood, nay for as long as humanity has stood, each
moment has some way or somehow interwoven with conflict. Be it excessive poverty or an
imbalance of global power, it seems each generation faces an international calamity. This time, it
is the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, or DPRK, and its questionable actions that
threaten global peace and security.

Last September 11, 2017, the government of Peru expressed clearly its concern of nuclear
weapons possession and testing by expelling DPRK ambassador Kim Hak Chol. 7 While this was Commented [16]: 4. Heekyong Yang and James
a bold move, Peru stands with the many against North Korea’s actions that violate international Pearson, "Factbox: Countries which have expelled
North Korean ambassadors after nuclear test" last
laws, particularly pertaining to North Korea’s nuclear programs and international threats as well modified September 18, 2017.
as the immature and uneven balance and use of power within the nation state. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-
diplomacy-factbox/factbox-countries-which-have-
expelled-north-korean-ambassadors-after-nuclear-test-
The DPRK has recently begun peace talks with its other Korean counterpart, which is something idUSKCN1BU0ED.
almost all nations have urged the state to do. So far, the talks have done more good than
expected. North Korea states its intent to end the eighty-year Korean war with South Korea and
to suspend its nuclear programs, something the international community has wished for decades
since its resurgence during the Cold War, for the sake of international peace. 8 Commented [17]: 1. Choe Sang-Hun, "North and
South Korea Set Bold Goals: A Final Peace and No
Nuclear Arms" last modified May 26, 2018.
Peru was concerned that the DPRK pulled out from the talks on May 16, 2018 and was https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/27/world/asia/north-
threatening to reinstate its nuclear program. 9 However, Peru commends and encourages the korea-south-kim-jong-un.html.
DPRK in resuming talks with the South once again on May 26 10 and in being willing to still Commented [18]: 2. Zachary Cohen, Sophie Jeong,
having talks with the United States, in spite of the recent cancellation of their summit in June 12. and Yoonjung Seo, "Trump-Kim summit could be
canceled after Pyongyang objects to drills" last
modified May 16, 2018.
The delegation recalls Security Council resolution 1718, which Peru voted for in its previous https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/15/politics/north-korea-
term in the Security Council, and encourages states to join Peru’s effort to reinstate all peace suspends-south-korea-talks-us-military-
talks with North Korea, as well as to disable or dismantle any programs that have an immediate drills/index.html.
threat to the international community. Recalling the failures in previous peace talks, however, the Commented [19]: 3. Kim Tong-Hyung, "With US talks
delegation demands all parties that participate in talks with the DPRK uphold the resulting in limbo, Korean leaders hold surprise summit" last
modified May 26, 2018.
treatises and deals in order to have a smooth resolution of this security threat. Peru urges the https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/s-
DPRK to cease all threats of the use of nuclear weapons against other states. Afterwards, UN korea-relieved-about-trump-kim-summit-revival-
investigators and engineers will be placed within North Korea to facilitate the investigation and efforts/2018/05/25/b074d858-6082-11e8-b656-
236c6214ef01_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.af
disarmament of any dangerous weapons used in the aforementioned threats, and the reintegration 31163434e3.
of the North Korean economy and society into the international community. This benefits both
Commented [20]: as far as I know, NK isn't having any
the state of global security and the welfare of the DPRK and its people. conflict with anyone. Maybe urge NK to stop
threatening the whole world
 Notes
1
John Lloyd, "How the Western Media’s Middle East Coverage Has Changed," last modified
September 15, 2014. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29154941.
2
"Timeline: The Middle East Conflict," last modified January 21, 2008. https://www.aljazeera.
com/news/middleeast/2007/09/200852519252884626.html.
3
Hubbard, Ben. 2018. “Dozens Suffocate in Syria Is Accused of Chemical Attack.” The New
York Times, April 8, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/08/world/
middleeast/syria-chemical-attack-ghouta.html.
4
David Bosco, "The Syrian Rebels and International Law," last modified June 17, 2013.
http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/06/17/the-syrian-rebels-and-international-law/.
5
Shams Uz Zaman, "Rise of the Non-State Actors in Middle East: Regional Dimensions," IPRI
Journal 15, no. 1 (Winter 2015): 51-65, accessed May 28, 2018, http://www.ipripak.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/04/3-article-w15.pdf.
6
"Peru - UNSCR,” accessed May 28, 2018, http://unscr.com/en/country/PER?topic_id=58.
7
“Middle East Turmoil and the Continuing Terrorist Threat - Still No Easy Solutions:
Addendum,” last modified July 17, 2017.
https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/CT400/
CT462z1/RAND_CT462z1.pdf.
8
"Peru Expresses Deep Sorrow for Violent Acts in the Middle East," last modified April 4, 2018.
http://andina.pe/ingles/noticia-peru-expresses-deep-sorrow-for-violent-acts-in-the-middle-east-
705664.aspx.
9
Heekyong Yang and James Pearson, "Factbox: Countries which have expelled North Korean
ambassadors after nuclear test" last modified September 18, 2017.
https://www.reuters.com/article/
us-northkorea-missiles-diplomacy-factbox/factbox-countries-which-have-expelled-north-korean-
ambassadors-after-nuclear-test-idUSKCN1BU0ED.
10
Choe Sang-Hun, "North and South Korea Set Bold Goals: A Final Peace and No Nuclear
Arms" last modified May 26, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/27/world/asia/north-
korea-south-
kim-jong-un.html.
 Bibliography

Bosco, David, "The Syrian Rebels and International Law," last modified June 17, 2013.
http://foreignpolicy.com/2013/06/17/the-syrian-rebels-and-international-law/.

Choe Sang-Hun, "North and South Korea Set Bold Goals: A Final Peace and No Nuclear Arms"
last modified May 26, 2018 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/27/world/asia/north-
korea-South-kim-jong-un.html.

Cohen, Zachary, Sophie Jeong, and Yoonjung Seo, "Trump-Kim summit could be canceled after
Pyongyang objects to drills" last modified May 16, 2018. https://www.cnn.com/2018/
05/15/politics/north-korea-suspends-south-korea-talks-us-military-drills/index.html.

Kim Tong-Hyung, "With US talks in limbo, Korean leaders hold surprise summit" last modified
May 26, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/s-korea-relieved-
about-trump-kim-summit-revival-efforts/2018/05/25/b074d858-6082-11e8-b656-
236c614
ef01_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.af31163434e3.

Lloyd, John, "How the Western Media’s Middle East Coverage Has Changed," last modified
September 15, 2014. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29154941.

“Middle East Turmoil and the Continuing Terrorist Threat - Still No Easy Solutions:
Addendum,”
last modified July 17, 2017. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/
CT400/CT462z1/RAND_CT462z1.pdf.

"Peru Expresses Deep Sorrow for Violent Acts in the Middle East," last modified April 4, 2018.
http://andina.pe/ingles/noticia-peru-expresses-deep-sorrow-for-violent-acts-in-the-
middle-
East-705664.aspx.

"Peru - UNSCR,” accessed May 28, 2018, http://unscr.com/en/country/PER?topic_id=58.

"Timeline: The Middle East Conflict," last modified January 21, 2008. https://www.aljazeera.
com/news/middleeast/2007/09/200852519252884626.html.

Uz Zaman, Shams, "Rise of the Non-State Actors in Middle East: Regional Dimensions," IPRI
Journal 15, no. 1 (Winter 2015): 51-65, accessed May 28, 2018, http://www.ipripak.org/
wp-content/uploads/2015/04/3-article-w15.pdf.

Yang, Heekyong and James Pearson, "Factbox: Countries which have expelled North Korean
ambassadors after nuclear test" last modified September 18, 2017. https://www.reuters.
com/ article/us-northkorea-missiles-diplomacy-factbox/factbox-countries-
which-have-expelled-north-korean-ambassadors-after-nuclear-test-idUSKCN1BU0ED.
speeches.
Agenda Speech (be for a 2-1 agenda)

Good morning honorable chair, the Delegation of Peru, along with the Delegation of _____ and among
members vote for a 2-1 agenda, addressing threats to international peace and security first. To be frank, if
we were to tackle the Middle East Conflict first, the five days given to us probably won’t be enough. The
problem is complex and multi-layered and spans more than one nation and its actions unlike Agenda 2
which is mainly concerned only with North Korea. While most nations will not be able to directly contribute
to the second agenda as the first, considering the recent peace talks, the exit of US in these peace talks,
and the continuation of peace talks with North and South Korea, progress has been continuous, and
definitely more progressive so far compared to the Middle East Conflict. North Korea is finally doing the
actions we’ve been urging them to do, Let us all build upon this new found success while we still can.

Also, this delegation as well with others for the second agenda do not undermine or overmine an agenda
over the other. Both threats to international peace and security and the Middle East Conflict are two
pressing matters that needs solutions, but one may have the solution already and just needs more support.

Opening Speeches
The Middle East Conflict: Why is it when war, famine, or bombs are mentioned, the face of a Muslim is
paired beside it? When the media shows a story about refugees or missile strikes, it’s with the face of an
Israeli, an Iranian, an Egyptian, a Syrian? Has the decades of conflict blurred the lines between culture and
conflict?

This is the MIddle East Conflict, and its been spanning for decades. Considering this, delegates, please do
Legal Committee
Topic A: Addressing the Criminality of UN Workers
Resources:

- The legal basis for UN peacekeeping operations can be found under Chapters 6,7, & 8 of
the UN Charter

Important Details:
- The UN has no legal authority to punish peacekeeper but can: (a) send back the accused to the
sending nation (b) bar them from future missions.
- Allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse will be handled by the Conduct and Discipline Unit
(CDU).
- Member state is informed of the crime and has the right to handle the case on its own. UN demands
a report on the action taken for these personnel.
- UN itself cannot “hold the individuals criminally liable.”, giving rise to (1) differential standards in
legal punishments across different states. (2) potential for disproportionate penalties.
- Central African Republic: highest number of misconduct allegations against peacekeepers in the
world.

Current UN Peacekeeping Missions:

 - MINURSO: UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
- MINUSTAH: UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti
- MONUSCO: UN Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- UNFICYP: United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
- UNISFA: UN Interim Security Force for Abyei
- UNMIL: United Nations Mission in Liberia
- UNMISS: UN Mission in the Republic of South Sudan
- UNOCI: United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire

Major International & Regional Organizations: (Possible Resources)

- Interpol: International Criminal Police Organization
- IPU: Inter-Parliamentary Union
- ISO: International Organization for Standardization