CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

In today’s generation, gadgets has become one of the essential things a person should
have. From mobile phones, tablets, laptops, etc., all of these enables us to not just get in touch
with our loved ones but to also give us entertainment. However, despite of the advantages that
we were able to acquire with using gadgets, it also has some negative impacts especially on
sleeping pattern in which greatly affects our performance on a daily basis.

In this study, the researchers will determine the impact of using gadgets to the sleeping
pattern of Senior High School students. This study will discuss the relationship between the two
and how they correlates with each other.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The results of the study will be of great benefit to the following

To the Students – The outcome of this study will help students to gain knowledge about how
irregular sleeping pattern can affect their academic performance due to the excessive use of
gadgets

To the Parents – The outcome of this study might help parents to formulate solutions to change
and fix their child’s sleeping pattern

To the Future Researchers – This study can be use as basis by future researchers on the impact of
using gadgets to the sleeping pattern of a person
Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to show that using any kinds of gadgets particularly
cellphones affects the sleeping pattern of a person specifically Senior High School students.
Sleeping late and lack of sleep can cause different issues in their physical, emotional, and mental
health and this issues might interfere with their performace in school. This research answer the
following questions.

1.What are the apps that keeps the student from sleeping early?

2.What time do the students usually go to sleep?

3.What time do the students usually wake up?

4.What are the reasons for staying up late to use gadgets?

5.Do students sleep/wake cycle affects their academic performance?

Conceptual Framework

Title: The Impact of Using Gadgets to the Sleeping Pattern of SHS Students

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

GADGETS

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

SLEEPING PATTERN

INTERVENING VARIABLES

SLEEPING DISORDER
Scope and Delimitations

This research mainly focuses on the impact of using gadgets to the

sleeping pattern of ACLC Manila’s Senior High School students only.

100 randomly selected Grade 11 and 12 students were used as a sample

in conducting the survey.

Definition of Terms

Here are some words that will help you understand the research more

Technical Definitions

Cellphone- a portable usually cordless telephone for use in a cellular system

Gadget – an often small mechanical or electronic device with a practical use but often thought of
as a novelty

Sleeping Disorder – a medical problem that prevents a person from sleeping normally

Sleeping Pattern – is a biological rhythm that guides the body as to when it should sleep and
when it should wake
 CHAPTER II

Foreign Literature

Round-the-clock use of smartphones holds a potential for awakenings and/or shorter

sleep duration, which may have adverse health consequences (Rod, Dissing , Clark, Gerds, &
Lund, 2018) A person who constantly use their mobile phones are prone to awakenings due to
incoming calls or text and notifications from social media accounts. Shorter sleep duration is also
expected and this factors might affect a person’s well being.

Poor-quality sleep associated with late-night texting or calling was linked to a decline in
mental health, such as depressed moods and declines in self-esteem and coping ability (Preety,
Gayatri Devi, & Jothi Priya 2018) Mental health is also being affected by mobile phone usage
especially at bedtime. Using this devices late at night can cause poor quality sleep that can cause
a person to behave inappropriately or might act differently to what they usually do.

Correlational analyses showed that media use, except television viewing, was associated
with later bedtimes and longer sleep latencies. Cell phone and computer usage was negatively
associated with daytime functioning (Pieters, De Valck, Vandekerckhove, Pirrera, Wuyts,
Exadaktylos, Haex, Michiels, Verbraecken & Cluydts 2014)

"We found the body's natural circadian rhythms were interrupted by the short-wavelength
enriched light, otherwise known as blue light, from these electronic devices” (Chang 2014)

Exposure to artificial bright light during the nighttime suppresses melatonin secretion,
increases sleep onset latency (SOL) and increases alertness. (Cho, Ryu, B. Lee, Kim, E. Lee, &
Choi 2015)

The everyday usage of mobile phone in the evening or night has possibility to make circadian
clock phase of Japanese students especially aged 13-15 delayed. The delay in the phase may
cause less fitness to their school life schedules. Shorter sleep hours caused by delayed bedtime
may cause frequent occurrence of "doze" during daytime. (Harada, Morikuni, Yoshii, Yamashita,
& Takeuchi 2002)