REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 6. Write all bibliographic info, i.

e, authors, complete titles,

publishers safe and place of publication
IMPORTANCE, PURPOSE, FUNTIONS

i. Better research problem GUIDE QUESTIONS

ii. Helps you understand 1. Do the accumulated literature indicate gaps and inconsistencies
which you hope to fill?
iii. No duplications
2. Are the variables adequately described?
iv. Theoretical Framework
3. What data gathering instruments have been used? Are they
v. Gives Confidence reliable and valid tools?
vi. Provides research methods 4. Are the target and sampling populations presented?
vii. Past Investigations 5. We're the hypotheses tested and correctly interpreted?
6. Are the results logical? Are the conclusions and recommendations
CHARACTERISTICS OF RRL
data-based?
1. Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study
2. The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible HOW TO WRITE RRL
3. Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased • use headings arranged in logical order to indicate main points
4. Surveyed materials must have been based on data and true • avoid long and unnecessary introduction to your main topic
• include information that are directly related and relevant to your
HOW TO CONDUCT RRL topic
1. Visit library browse over books, magazines journals etc. Be • a maximum of half-page (double-space) must constitute one
patient paragraph
2. Do a computer aided search through an electronic database • reinforce your data with selected figures or statistics from your
• Google scholar course
• Online Journals • summarize important points and relate them to your topic
(Do not use Wikipedia) • cite the authors at the end of the sentence
3. Ask for reprints from experts • paraphrase using your own words the style the data gathered. No
4. Take down notes on index cards or your PDB more than 10% of the entire paper is allowed for direct quotation
5. Begin organizing your notes by devising sections and headings
such as A common problem in writing RRL is that if can turn into a boring list
• general info of ideas in paragraph form.
• methods in other studies HOW TO AVOID A BORING RRL
• support for objectives 1,2 & 3 • make subheads (not too many), transitional phrases and unifying
• results to compare with mine ideas to make information flow smoothly
• pros and cons of controversy • spice your writing with a variety.
KEEP YOUR PAPER ALIVE 6.) Morphology of mice sperm
• author A found out
• author B found out
• replace found out with
- demonstrates
- presented evidence for
- supported
- observed
- reported
- examined
- concluded

• in the year 1980, author A

• According to Author A (1980)
• statement (Author A, 1980)

SAMPLE:
General Objectives
To investigate the histological effects of neem seed kernel extract
on mouse testis
Specific Objectives
1. To identify the changes in testes histology due to neem seed
kernel extract (NSKE) exposure
2. To determine the relationship between neem seed kernel extract
(NSKE) and occurrence of abnormal sperm morphology
3. To provide a feasible physiological basis for the anti-libido
property of neem extract

Needed RRL for this problem

1.) Potential effects of NSKE
2.) Hormones of mice
3.) Histology of mice testes
4.) Properties of NSKE
5.) Fertility of mice