Please note that these examples refer to articles retrieved from the free Internet as opposed to a

database. For an example of citing an article taken from a database, click on the database articles tab
above. Also, please note that the information presented under this tab concerns the electronic retrieval
aspects of formulating a citation. For guidance on correctly citing bibliographic information (such as
author names, publication dates, journal titles, etc), please see the print articles tab above.

Article from a Web page:

Ostro, A. (2009, Oct. 8). Twitter is frozen in time. Mashable. Retrieved from
http://mashable.com/2009/10/08/twitter-is-frozen-in-time/
Article from a Web page, no author:
Globalization and clothes. (2006). Retrieved from http://unpac.ca/economy/g_clothes.html
Article from a Web page, no date:
Dvoretsky, D.P. (n.d.). History: Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of
Sciences. Retrieved
from http://www.infran.ru/history_eng.html
Online newspaper article:
Zernike, K. (2009, April 1). Paying in full as the ticket into colleges. The New York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com

Web-only journal:
Sheehan, K.B., & Morrison, D.K. (2009, March). Beyond convergence: Confluence
culture and the role of the
advertising agency in a changing world [online exclusive]. First Monday,
14(3). Retrieved from
http://firstmonday.org
Audio podcast:
Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2006, October 13). Understanding autism [Audio podcast]. Shrink Rap Radio.
Retrieved from http://www.shrinkrapradio.com
Blog posting:
Blakeslee, S. (2009, Sept. 24). Article Quick Search vs Google. The Library Channel. Message posted to
http://blogs.csuchico.edu/librarynews/2009/09/article-quick-search-vs-google/
Wiki:
Psychometric assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Psychometric_assessment
Video/Movie:
American Psychological Association. (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to patient
expressions of
sexual attraction [DVD]. Available from http://www.apa.videos
Video/Movie online:
Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs
 How to Cite an Website in APA

Structure:

Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title. Retrieved from URL

Example:

Satalkar, B. (2010, July 15). Water aerobics. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com

Cain, K. (2012, June 29). The Negative effects of Facebook on communication. Social Media Today RSS. Retrieved

from http://socialmediatoday.com

How to Cite a Blog Post in APA

Structure:

Last, F. M. (Year Month Date Published). Article title [Type of blog post]. Retrieved from URL.

Example:

Schonfeld, E. (2010, May 3). Google throws $38.8 million to the wind [Web log post]. Retrieved May 4, 2010, from

http://techcrunch.com

China, The American Press, and the State Department [Web log post]. (2013, January 3). Retrieved from Schonfeld,

E. (2010, May 3). Google throws $38.8 million to the wind [Web log post]. Retrieved May 4, 2010, from

http://techcrunch.com

How to Cite a Book in Print in APA

Structure:

Last, F. M. (Year Published) Book. City, State: Publisher.

Examples:

James, H. (1937). The ambassadors. New York, NY: Scribner.

Rowling, J.K. (2001). Harry Potter and the socerer's stone. London: Bloomsburg Children's.

How to Cite a Book Online in APA

Format:

Last, F. M. (Year Published) Book. Retrieved from URL

Examples:

James, H. (2009). The ambassadors. Retrieved from http://books.google.com

Porter, R. (1994). London, a social history. Retrieved from http://books.google.com

How to Cite a Book From a Database in APA

Format:

Last, F. M. (Year Published). Book. Retrieved from URL

Examples:

Morem, S. (2005). 101 tips for graduates. Retrieved from http://www.infobasepublishing.com

Bloom, H. (1986). American women poets. Retrieved from http://www.infobasepublishing.com

Make sure to:

 Add doi (Digital Object Identifier) if it is available after at the end of the citation instead of
URL.
 If you used an e-reader, you should still include the URL that you retrieved the book from, for
example, www.amazon.com.

How to Cite a Book in APA

Book – A written work or composition that has been published – typically printed on pages
bound together.

Book citations in APA contain the author name, publication year, book title, publication title,
and publisher name.
 Citing a book in print

Structure:

Author, F.M. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Publisher City, State: Publisher.

[su_spacer]

Example:

James, Henry. (2009). The ambassadors. Rockville, MD: Serenity Publishers.

Note: Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and any subtitles (the first word
that follows a colon), as well as the first letter of any proper nouns. See our APA Citation
Basics guide or the APA Publication Manual for more information.[su_spacer]
 Citing an e-book from an e-reader

E-book: Written work or composition that has been digitized and is readable through
computers or e-readers (Kindles, iPads,nooks etc.).

Structure:

Author, F.M. (Year of Publication). Title of work [E-reader Version]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx or

doi:xxxxx

Example:

Stoker, B. (2000). Dracula [Kindle HDX version]. Retrieved from http://www.overdrive.com/

 Citing a book found in a database

Note: Some ebooks may be available online through your library’s databases or catalogs.

Structure:

Author, F.M. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from http://xxxxx or doi:xxxxx

Example:
Rodriguez-Garcia, R., & White, E.M. (2005). Self-assessment in managing for results: Conducting

self-assessment for development practitioners. doi:10.1596/9780-82136148-1

 Newspaper article (from the newspaper’s website) with no
author
Proper Bibliographic Reference Format:

 Bibliographic references are double-spaced and indented half an inch after the
first line.
 If there is no author, the article title comes first.
 For titles of newspapers, use italics and "headline" style capitalization.
 Use the URL of the homepage of the newspaper to avoid non-working URLs.
 It is no longer necessary to include the date of retrieval.

Barcelona to ban burqa in municipal buildings. (2010, June 14). Retrieved from
http://gulfnews.com

In-Text Citations:

 Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author’s last name and
date of publication.
 When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the
article title using double quotation marks, “headline- style” capitalization, and
the year.

(“Barcelona to Ban Burqa,” 2010)

 Alternatively, you can integrate the citation into the sentence by means of
narrative.
 There must be a total match between the reference list and the parenthetical
citation, so the article title must stand in place of an author’s name in the essay.

“Barcelona to Ban Burqa” (2010) contends that the move is aimed at all dress that
impedes identification.

Website with no author and no date

Proper Bibliographic Reference Format:

 Bibliographic references are double-spaced and indented half an inch after the
first line.
 If there is no author, the article title comes first.
 If there is no date, use the abbreviation n.d.
 It is no longer necessary to include the date of retrieval.

United Arab Emirates architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.uaeinteract.com/

In-Text Citations:
  Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author’s last name and
date of publication.
 When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the
article title using double quotation marks, “headline-style" capitalization, and the
year.

(“United Arab Emirates Architecture,” n.d.)

 Alternatively, you can integrate the citation into the sentence by means of
narrative.
 There must be a total match between the reference list and the parenthetical
citation, so the article title must stand in place of an author’s name in the essay.

“United Arab Emirates Architecture” (n.d.) describes building materials used in early
settlements.

Journal or magazine article (from library database or online)

with no author
Proper Bibliographic Reference Format:

 Bibliographic references are double-spaced and indented half an inch after the
first line.
 If there is no author, the article title comes first.
 For titles of journals or magazines, use italics and "headline" style capitalization.
 Use the URL of the homepage of the journal or magazine to avoid non-working
URLS
 It is no longer necessary to include the date of retrieval.

Famine relief: Just a simple matter of supplying food? (2002). Nutrition Noteworthy, 5(1).
Retrieved from http://escholarship.org/uc/uclabiolchem_nutritionnoteworthy

In-Text Citations:

 Citations are placed in the context of discussion using the author’s last name and
date of publication.
 When a work has no identified author, cite in text the first few words of the
article title using double quotation marks, “headline” style capitalization, and the
year.

(“Famine Relief,” 2002)

 Alternatively, you can integrate the citation into the sentence by means of
narrative.
 There must be a total match between the reference list and the parenthetical
citation, so the article title must stand in place of an author’s name in the essay.

“Famine Relief” (2002) examines the causes of poverty and famine in Africa.
 Works With an Anonymous Author
When a work’s author is designated as “Anonymous,” cite in text the word Anonymous
followed by a comma and the date:
(Anonymous, 2010)
In the reference list, an anonymous work is alphabetized by the word Anonymous
Anonymous. (2010). Food safety shake-up needed in the USA. The Lancet, 375(9732), 2122.
Retrieved from http://www.thelancet.com