POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Chapter 2:
Power Flow Analysis
Cont’

28 September 1
2018
 Common techniques
 
Gauss -Seidel FAST DECOUPLED

Newton-Raphson
Gauss – Seidel  method of successive displacements
Newton – Raphson  a successive approximation procedure based
on an initial estimate of the unknown & the
use of Taylor’s series expansion
Fast Decoupled  Same with Newton –Raphson but different in
angle and voltage magnitude

28 September 2
2018
The real and reactive power at bus i is:

Eq. 2

Rearrange Eq. 2 so that I is not a conjugate,

Eq. 3

Eq. 1  Eq. 3
non linear equation
& must be solve by
iteration
Eq. 4

28 September 3
2018
Iterative sequence for V thus becomes:

Eq. 5

Note that the updated voltages immediately replace the previous

values in the solution of the subsequent equations.

28 September 4
2018
Knowing Eq. 2,
Eq. 2

Rearrange Eq. 2 so that I is not a conjugate,

Eq. 6

Obtaining P from Eq. 6

Eq. 1  Eq. 6

Iterative sequence for P thus becomes:

Eq. 7

28 September 5
2018
Obtaining Q from Eq. 6

Eq. 1  Eq. 6

Iterative sequence for P thus becomes:

Eq. 8

28 September 6
2018
 Vi Vj
Iij yij = yji
i j
Iji
Line flow from bus i to bus j,

Eq. 9

Line flow from bus j to bus i,

Eq. 10
Line loses between bus i and bus j,

Eq. 9 + Eq. 10 Eq. 11

28 September 7
2018
Figure below shows the one-line diagram of a simple three-bus power system with
generation at bus 1. The magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05 per unit. The
scheduled loads at buses 2 and 3 are as marked on the diagram. Line impedances are marked
in per unit on a 100-MVA base and the line charging susceptances are neglected.

Figure 2

1) Using the Gauss-Seidel method, determine the phasor values of the voltage at the load
buses 2 and 3 (P-Q buses) accurate to four decimal places.
2) Find the slack bus real and reactive power.
3) Determine the line flow and line losses. Construct a power flow diagram showing the
direction of line flow.

28 September 8
2018
 GAUSS-SEIDEL METHOD
Step 1

Convert all impedances to admittances. All Z,V, P and Q values

should be in per unit.

Step 2

Buses where the current is entering the bus, e.g. generator buses,
P and Q have positive values.
𝑆𝑖 = 𝑃𝑖 + 𝑗𝑄𝑖
Buses where the current is entering the bus, e.g. generator buses,
P and Q have positive values.
𝑆𝑖 = −𝑃𝑖 − 𝑗𝑄𝑖

28 September 9
2018
Step 3

Eq. 5

28 September 10
2018
Step
 4

Eq. 5

28 September 11
2018
Step
 5

Eq. 8

28 September 12
2018
Step
 6

Eq. 5

Step 3.

28 September 13
2018
Step
 7
Step 3-6

28 September 14
2018
Step 8
Calculate S for slack bus using the final values of Vj. No iteration is
needed
Eq.1  Eq. 6
𝑛

𝑃𝑖 − 𝑗𝑄𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖∗ 𝐼𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖∗ 𝑉𝑖 𝑌𝑖𝑖 − ෍ 𝑌𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑗 𝑗≠𝑖

𝑗=1

28 September 15
2018
Step 9
Calculate line flows and loses.

Eq. 9 𝑆𝑖𝑗

Eq. 10 𝑆𝑗𝑖

Eq. 11

Draw the line flows. For example, +Pij indicates the direction from bus i
to bus j while -Pij indicates the direction from bus j to bus i.

28 September 16
2018
Figure below shows the one-line diagram of a simple three-bus power system with
generation at bus 1. The magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05 per unit. The
scheduled loads at buses 2 and 3 are as marked on the diagram. Line impedances are marked
in per unit on a 100-MVA base and the line charging susceptances are neglected.

Figure 2

1) Using the Gauss-Seidel method, determine the phasor values of the voltage at the load
buses 2 and 3 (P-Q buses) accurate to four decimal places.
2) Find the slack bus real and reactive power.
3) Determine the line flow and line losses. Construct a power flow diagram showing the
direction of line flow.

28 September 17
2018
Figure below shows the one-line diagram of a simple three-bus power system with
generators at buses 1 and 3. The magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05
pu. Voltage magnitude at bus 3 is fixed at 1.04 pu with a real power generation of
200 MW. A load consisting of 400 MW and 250 Mvar is taken from bus 2. Line
impedances are marked in per unit on a 100 MVA base, and the line charging
susceptances are neglected. Obtain the power flow solution by the Gauss-Seidel
method including line flows and line losses.

28 September 18
2018