TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN

HIGH RISE BUILDING

 TYPES OF CONVEYORS
 Paternoster Lifts
 Oil-Hydraulic Lifts
 Vertical transportation for the Disabled
 Escalators
 Travelators
 Stair Lifts
 Lift and Escalator system
LIFT SYSTEM
 DEFINITION: transportation between two or
more levels, for transporting persons and
materials, in a vertical direction, with the help of a
guided car or platform.

 PURPOSE OF THE LIFT - For transporting

persons and materials, in a vertical direction
 Express lift for higher building
 Lift and Escalator system
Number of Lifts
 The number and size of lifts must be related to the
following:
 Population of the building
 Type of building occupancy
 The starting and finishing times of the population,
whether staggered or unified.
 Number of floors and heights.
 Lift capacity
 Maximum allowable waiting time
 Speed of lift
 System of control and floor stop
 Lift and Escalator system
TYPES OF LIFT

 2 Basic designs :

a. Hydraulic lift
b. Electric lift/ rope-geared
 Lift and Escalator system
 A. HYDRAULIC LIFT

- car moving up/down using a fluid piston mounted

inside the cylinder (push from below)
- max travel of 21m, speed up to 0.75m/s
- Low-rise building (< 60 feet high)
- Cargo up to 100 000 pounds.
- Installation do not increase burden to the building
 Lift and Escalator system
Advantages
 No structural loads from winding gear.
 Pump room can be located up to 10m from the shaft
 No brake or winding gear necessary.
 No ropes, pulleys or driving sheave.
 Acceleration and travel is very smooth.
 Accuracy in floor level
 Capacity for heavy load
 Low-level plant room

Disadvantages:
 must have enough space and insufficient energy
consumption
Component of hydraulic lift
 Lift and Escalator system
B. PATERNOSTER LIFT

 - for 2 people at one time (car), always

 moving at speed not exceeding 0.4m/s
- nonstop movement, open lift required a
 passenger jump in and out while its moving
 ( less waiting time)
- only suitable for factory, colleague, university
 which users are active and efficient
 Lift and Escalator system
C. ELECTRIC LIFT/ ROPE-GEARED

- most popular
- moved using cables which attached to car through the
sheaves.
- sheaves connected to electric motors (turn the elevator
up and down)
- ropes connected to counterweight (conserving energy)
- rail used to guide and keep lift and counterweight
steady
- For building exceed 60 feets
 Lift and Escalator system
Components

a. Roping/travelling cables (single wrap (small car), double wrap

(decrease rope slip), compensating (smooth process))
High-tensile steel wire ropes are used and the number of ropes for a
lift are between four and twelve. The diameters are between 9 and 19
mm and have a safety factor of 10.

b. Winding motors/drive motors (Geared traction single-speed motor

& Geared traction two-speed motor & Geared traction variable-voltage
motor & . Gearless traction variable-voltage motor )

c. Brakes - designed to fail-safe. The switching-off of the electrical

supply permits the brake to be applied and therefore fail-safe if there
is a failure in the supply.

d. f. Buffers are fixed to the base: these are spring-loaded for slow-
speed lifts and oil-loaded for high-speed lifts.
 Lift and Escalator system
Components

e. Machine room – cabinet controller/brake/machine drive motor/drive

sheave/over speed governor
Wherever possible the machine room should be at the top of the lift shaft, as this
position provides the greatest efficiency. The room should be ventilated and
consideration must be given to the transmission of sound by insulating the
concrete base of the machine from the walls and floor by compressed cork slabs.

f. An overhead lifting beam directly over the machine is required for positioning or
dismantling the equipment, and an access hatch in the floor, above the landing,
through which the equipment can be lowered for repair or replacement is also
required. A lockable door to the room should be provided and adequate floor
space for controllers, floor selectors and other equipment is required.

g. Lift shaft and pit /lift well - The size of the lift shaft and pit depends upon the
size and speed of the car, and type of door gear. The manufacturer's drawings
should therefore be consulted. The lift shaft must extend below the bottom
landing to form the pit which permits car over travel. The pit should be
watertight and drainage should be provided.
 Lift and Escalator system
ESCALATOR

 Definition: continuous conveyors designed for moving large

numbers of people quickly and efficiently from one floor to
another.

TYPES AND PURPOSES OF ESCALATOR

1. Escalator
- It is power driven, inclined and a continuous stairway, used for
raising or lowering passengers.
- being reversible to suit the main flow of traffic during peak times
- Capacity up to 12000 users/hour based on wideness and speed
- Escalators are widely used in banks, departmental stores, sports
stadium, exhibition halls, air terminals and railway stations.
 Lift and Escalator system
2. Travelators (moving pavements)

- These are similar in construction to escalators, but are

intended for the horizontal movement of passengers;
- May be inclined up to between 120 and 15° to the
horizontal.
- The moving surface is either a reinforced rubber belt
or a series of linked steel plates running on rollers.
- The speed is about 0.6—1.33 m/s with maximum
lengths of 350 m.
- Moving pavements are used at air terminals, railway
stations and shopping centers,
 Lift and Escalator system
COMPONENTS

 An escalator consists of a load-bearing steel truss

structure which supports the steps, step rollers,
sprocket motor, worm gear and electrical controls.

There are three sections which are as follows:

 Bottom: houses the step return idler sprockets, step

chain safety switches and curved sections of the track.
 Centre: carries all the straight track sections which
connect the upper and lower curved sections.
 Top: contains a driving motor, driving sprockets,
electrical controller and emergency brake.
 Lift and Escalator system
Location

 In order to ensure maximum use an escalator

should be located where it can be easily seen, and
in departmental stores it should normally be
possible to see over a wide area of the floors so as
to encourage sales.
 Lift and Escalator system
Safety devices

 Handrail inlet
 Skirt guard
 Step travel
 Emergency stop
 Drive chain
 Step chain
 Overload
 Governor
SAFETY FEATURES
 Lift and Escalator system
 The Escalator consists of the following components:
 Landing Platforms.
 Truss.
 Tracks.
 Steps.
 Handrail.
 Escalator Exterior (Balustrade).
 Drive system.
 Auto-Lubrication System.
 Braking system.
 Safety devices.
 Electrical & Control Systems.
 Lift and Escalator system
Landing Platforms consist of:

 Comb plates also known as walk-on plates are an entrance and exit for the
passengers to the steps. It provides mounting for the comb segments and comb
plate (comb impact) switch actuator.

 Comb Segments are replaceable sections, usually between 6” to 8” in width or

maybe narrower, with teeth that mesh (comb) into the step treads.

 Access Covers used as an access to the pit area for inspection, maintenance,
and repairs. The lower landing access cover plates provide access to the
reversing station and step removal. The upper access cover plates may provide
an access to the driving machine, bull gear, and sometimes the controller.

 Comb Lights are an optional safety device used to illuminate the area where
steps and comb segments meet, mounted at the upper and lower landing above
the comb segments. They are from a different power source that stays on always
even if the unit is not running.
The steps are solid, one piece, die-cast aluminum or steel. Yellow demarcation
lines may be added to clearly indicate their edges.
Escalator Exterior (Balustrade)
COMPONENT
parallel
•up and down escalators
"side by side or
separated by a distance”
•Are arranged in
parallel.
•Two escalator ride
down & up,
•contend with each
other
Crisscross

• minimizes structural
Space requirements by
"stacking“ escalators
that go in one direction.

• frequently used in
Department stores or
shopping centers
Multiple Parallel

• two or more
escalators together that
travel in one direction
next to one or two
escalators in the same
bank that travel in the
other direction