A theory that was created in 1980, The Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory is a theory by Dutch

researcher Geert Hofstede. The Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory is a framework for cross cultural

communication. It describes how the values of a society is affected through their culture and how these

values affect their behavior. Hofstede used a structure that was derived from factor analysis. Hofstede

developed his model to study the results of a worldwide survey of employee values by IBM between 1967

and 1973. The theory had four dimensions on how to analyze cultural values. These 4 dimensions are

individualism, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance. However, an independent research

in Hong Kong made Hofstede add another dimension, the long-term orientation. In 2010, Hofstede added

yet another dimension which is indulgence versus self-restraint, resulting in 6 over all dimensions.

This theory is widely used in many fields in paradigm research, especially in cross-cultural

psychology, international management, and cross-cultural communication. It’s still a major asset in cross-

cultural fields and has inspired many cross-cultural studies of values, and as research on other qualities of

culture like social beliefs. Hofstede really made a name for himself specially in the field of cross-cultural

studies and social paradigm researches. Businesses and communication fields still use this theory to test

out their audience about cross-cultural values and how it affects society.