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UNIT-1
Although team dynamics are very similar to group dynamics, and the terms are often used
interchangeably, there is an essential difference.
Groups are a social community, consisting of two or more people who have something in
common.
A team is a special instance of a group in which the commonality is a shared goal. This fact,
itself, creates a dynamic between team members because they are dependent on each other for
success. For example, a sports team wins or loses as a whole.
The word “team” is sometimes used, incorrectly, to refer to a group. For example, many sales
“teams” are groups - because the sales people are incentivised individually. A sales person wins
commission based on his/her own sales, and is not affected by the performance of other sales
people.
MEANING OF GROUP
A collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction , mutual
influence and who work together to achieve a common set of goals.
A group refers to two or more people who share a common meaning and come together
to achieve common objectives.
2 or more individual.
Common goals.
Interdependence
Can be formal or informal.
Recognition by others.
Cooperation and coordination among the group members.
VIBHOR TYAGI Professional Ethics and Software Economics 15SE204
VIBHOR TYAGI Professional Ethics and Software Economics 15SE204
Clear objectives: There should be mutually agreed aims and objectives, everyone has to
have a clear understanding.
VIBHOR TYAGI Professional Ethics and Software Economics 15SE204
Roles: There should be a good balance of skills, abilities and aspirations. Team members
should have a clear understanding of each individual’s role in achieving overall team
objectives.
Good communication: There must be effective communication across the organisation.
Appropriate leadership: The team have to trust the team leader and feels that it is
leading in an appropriate way.
Support and trust: People should help each other by listening, evaluating, offering
ideas, encouraging experimentation and giving support.
Openness and conflict: People should express themselves openly and honestly. There
should be a willingness to work through difficult situations or conflict constructively.
Mutual co-operation: There should be a readiness to be involved and committed.
Individuals’ abilities, knowledge and experience are pooled and used by the team. There
should be acceptance of each others’ strengths and weaknesses.
Individual development: Individuals should be given opportunities to develop new
skills and experience.
Sound inter-group relations: The team enjoys good relations with other teams,
departments and agencies, each valuing and respecting the other.
Regular review: The team has to regularly review its performance and goals and alter its
priorities and practice in the light of review.
PART-2
Dealing with multicultural environments
VIBHOR TYAGI Professional Ethics and Software Economics 15SE204
Working in an environment with people of different backgrounds, races and nationalities can be
a rewarding and fulfilling professional experience. You can expand your horizons by learning
different communication skills and approaches while interacting with people from around the
world. However, working in a multicultural workplace does require a certain amount of tact,
diplomacy and a willingness to learn, adapt and compromise.
Patience and Understanding
Respectful Acceptance
Leeway in Language Use
Willingness to Learn
What is Culture?
Culture is not biologically inherited but socially acquired. An infant learns culture by observing
the society and an individual can contribute to the culture in several ways. Culture in a particular
community shows how creative the people are and the peoples’ lifestyles are symbolized by it.
Music, art, food, clothes, housing patterns, traditions, behavioral patterns, etc. are some of the
components in a culture. Culture is something that is subjected to change over the time.
Depending on the peoples’ needs, attitudes and tastes, culture in a particular society may change
from one period to another. Moreover, anthropologists and researchers have found artifacts and
several cultural items which belong to the past era and based on them we can describe the
lifestyle of the ancestors. Further, we can see how one culture differed from another and how
some cultural items were common in many cultures.
When we analyse both these terms, we can see a relationship between culture and diversity. It is
apparent that the diversities exist in the cultures and they are characterized by the cultures. Also,
culture is the main thing that brings diverse individuals together to form a unique living style.
Further, culture uses the different skills of people for the improvement and the development of
the culture itself as well as the society.
• On the other hand, culture is something that represents a community existence whereas
diversity refers mainly to individual differences.
• Different skills of people assist to enrich a culture and it is always people who make a culture.
• Diversities may sometimes be biologically inherited and sometimes they are socially acquired.
• However, culture and diversities in individuals may go hand in hand since both exist together in
the society.
OR
VIBHOR TYAGI Professional Ethics and Software Economics 15SE204
Diversity is defined as the differences between people. Diversity can be real or perceived
differences between people. These differences include but are not limited to race, gender, sexual
orientation, religion, and socioeconomic status. In a diverse world, people acknowledge the
differences that exist among individuals.
Multiculturalism is more complex than simply noticing the diversity or differences that exist in
society. Multiculturalism focuses on being inclusiveness, understanding, respecting, and
acknowledging unequal power in society. Furthermore, people are aware of the advantages or
disadvantages of being a particular, race, gender, sexual orientation, religion or socioeconomic
status is society. In a multicultural world, people accept and embrace the differences of others
into their lives.
PART -3
OR
Creativity is any act, idea, idea or product that changes an existing domain or that
transforms an existing domain into new one.
Creativity can be described as the discovery of something that is novel but also useful or
relevant or economical , valuable.
TYPES OF CREATIVITY
Secondary creativity : is more deliberate and skilled as in the application of ideas and insight to
inventions.
Technical creativity : aims at finding out improvement in a process so as to improve efficiency.
Inventive creativity : aims at making or devising new combination of ingredients.
Innovative creativity : it involves for reaching application of more basic ideas such as
management application of principles of psychology to develop a much more effective system
for motivating staff. Emergentive creativity : it consist of new revolutionary principles for an
art or science such as psycho- analytical concepts of Freud.
PART-4
OR
The three major activities a project team performs to understand and plan for stakeholders are as
follows:
1. Stakeholder Identification. As with risk management, the first step is to know all the
potential stakeholders.
2. Stakeholder Response Development. Determine what these people expect and create a
strategy for working with them.
3. Continuous Stakeholder Management. Execute the plans to engage at the appropriate
level with each stakeholder throughout the project.
The parallels to risk management begin with this three-step process. The most important parallel
is that following this process means that stakeholder management is proactive rather
than reactive