EVIDENCIA 5

SUMMARY “EXPORT-IMPORT THEORY”

PRESENTADO POR:

ANDRES FELIPE ARIAS RIVEROS

TECNÓLOGIA EN GESTIÓN LOGÍSTICA

FICHA: 1749884

OCTUBRE DE 2019

CHINCHINA – CALDAS
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form,

or structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its
tax liability, and other important considerations. Each form of
business organization has its own advantages and disadvantages,
and the entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals
of the entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate
business organization is a task that requires accounting and legal
expertise and should be done with the advice of a competent attorney
or accountant.

Ownership structure

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations:
sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability
companies.

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual.

No separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business
who has total control over all export-import operations and who can
make decisions without consulting anyone. The major advantages of
sole proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an

export-import business as sole proprietorship is simple and
inexpensive and requires little or no government approval. At the
state level, registration of the business name is required, while at the
federal level, sole proprietors need to keep accurate accounting
records and attach a profit or loss statement for the business when
filing individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service
Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can use the
cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or

corporations. The owner makes all operational and management
decisions concerning the business. The owner can remove money or
other assets of the business without legal or tax consequences. He or
she can also easily transfer or terminate the business.
3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations
versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a

rate lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export
import business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income
from other sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax
exempt retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a
sole proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is
personally liable for the debts and other liabilities of the business.
Insurance can be bought to protect against these liabilities; however,
if insurance protection is not sufficient to cover legal liability for
defective products or debts, judgment creditors’ next recourse is the
personal assets of the owner. Another disadvantage is that the
proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal funds plus any
loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals have all
the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the owner
may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-

import business? If not, how many people have an ownership
interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

  What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for
the business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and

subject to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals

and objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.

Vocabulario Significado
Advantages: Circumstance or Ventajas: Circunstancia o
situation that gives superiority in situación que da superioridad en
something. alguna cosa.

Disadvantages: Circumstance of Desventajas: Circunstancia de ser

being worse or being in a worse
situation one thing with respect to
others of the same nature with
which it is compared. Less
favorable situation in which a
person or thing is with respect to
others with which it is compared.
Attorney: Person legally
peor o estar en peor situación una
cosa respecto a otras de la misma
naturaleza con la que se
compara. Situación menos
favorable en que se halla una
persona o cosa respecto a otras
con las que se compara.
Abogado: Persona legalmente
authorized to advise and defend
the rights and interests of another
person in legal matters and
represent it in a lawsuit.
Without: Indicates lack or lack of
something material or immaterial.
Proprietorships: Property rights
In the right, the domain or
property, is the direct and
immediate power over an object or directo e inmediato sobre un
good, by which is attributed to its
owner the ability to dispose of it,
without further limitations than
those imposed by law.
Returns: The return is the act of
giving something back to
someone. It is a process that is
based on a right of possession of
a certain person with respect to a
certain good that was delivered
with some type of specific
objective.
Applied: That puts effort, interest
and perseverance in the
accomplishment of a work or in the realización de un trabajo o en el
development of an activity,
especially in the study.
Loans: A loan is an operation by
which a financial institution puts at operación por la cual una entidad
our disposal a certain amount of
money through a contract.
Skills: The ability is the innate
aptitude, talent, skill or ability that aptitud innata, talento, destreza o
a person holds to carry out and of
course with success, certain
activity, work
autorizada para asesorar y
defender los derechos e intereses
de otra persona en materia
jurídica y representarla en un
pleito.
Sin: Indica falta o carencia de
alguna cosa material o inmaterial.
Propietarios: Derecho de
propiedad, en el derecho, el
dominio o propiedad, es el poder
objeto o bien, por la que se
atribuye a su titular la capacidad
de disponer del mismo, sin más
limitaciones que las que imponga
la ley.
Devoluciones: La devolución es el
acto de entregar algo nuevamente
a alguien. Es un proceso de se
sustenta en un derecho de
posesión de una determinada
persona con respecto a un
determinado bien que fue
entregado con algún tipo de
objetivo específico.
Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo,
interés y constancia en la
desarrollo de una actividad, en
especial en el estudio.
Prestamos: Un préstamo es una
financiera pone a nuestra
disposición una cantidad
determinada de dinero mediante
un contrato.
Habilidades: La habilidad es la
capacidad que ostenta una
persona para llevar a cabo y por
supuesto con éxito, determinada
 actividad, trabajo
Losses: Small amount of blood or Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña de
discharge from the womb that is sangre o flujo procedente de la
abnormally expelled outside of the matriz que se expulsa
menstrual period. anormalmente fuera del período
menstrual.
Upon: Heritage prefix of Latin Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de
origin that enters the formation of origen latino que entra en la
names with the meaning of formación de nombres con el
'above', 'besides'. significado de ‘por encima de’,
‘además de’.
Judgment: Faculty of Juicio: Facultad del
understanding, by virtue of which entendimiento, por cuya virtud el
man can distinguish good from evil hombre puede distinguir el bien
and true from false. del mal y lo verdadero de lo falso.
Income: Amount of money earned Ingresos: Cantidad de dinero
or collected. ganada o recaudada.
Little: That has a smaller size than Pequeño: Que tiene un tamaño
normal. menor de lo normal.
Sole: It applies to one or several Único: Se aplica a una o varias
things of which or of whose cosas de las cuales o de cuya
species there are no others. especie no hay otras.
3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al
interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se
puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

How to carry out a business How will I conduct a business

There are different forms of There will be different forms of

commercial organizations commercial organizations.

The director controls all export and The director will control all export and
import operations import operations.
 The sole proprietors are simple and Unique owners will be simple and
low in costs inexpensive.

The owners are in charge of The owners will be in charge of making

making all the decisions all the decisions.

The individual companies are Individual companies will be

governmental governmental.

The individual owners have a lower Individual owners will have a lower rate
rate than the tax rate than the tax rate

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of commercial
organizations since the director controls all export and import operations, where
the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in front
of the business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower rate than
the tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business

Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will
apply different processes why you should know what you should apply to have
greater knowledge and not have legal consequences in the environment even with
a single administrator or boss immediately co-author all the legal health and tax
aspects for a better export or import in order to provide the company with better
quality and good recognition at the international level and to conquer or reach large
countries for its advertising and industry growth.