Smart Helmet [2018]

INDEX

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

MERITS AND DEMERITS

APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE
Smart Helmet [2018]

INTRODUCTION

The idea of developing this project comes from social Responsibility towards the society.
Bike riding is a lot of fun, but accidents happen. People choose motor bikes over car as it is
much cheaper to run, easier to repair, easier to park and flexible in traffic. In India more than
37 million people are using two Wheelers. Since usage is high accident percentage of two
wheelers are also high compared to four Wheelers. Motorcycles have high rate of fatal
accidents than cars or trucks and buses. This project aims for accident avoidance, safety and
security of bike rider. The main purpose of the project is to encourage wearing helmet. This
system gives indications to the vehicles behind that the rider performs such as taking left or
right turn, breaking etc. It guides the rider towards his destination by displaying the route
using holographic plate. The system will also alert the bike rider if any obstacle comes too
close while riding the bike. This is found to be useful at night or when the riders drowsy or
tired. By this accidents can be prevented. Also GSM technology is used to inform the family
members in case of an accident. Accident detection is done using accelerometer. Wireless
communication through Ask module is done between the helmet and motorbike.
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Smart Helmet [2018]

LITERATURE REVIEW

Data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008) indicate 698 bikers
were killed and 44,000 were injured in 2007 and 15% of those killed and 29% of those
injured were under the age of 18. These data also show the 18 to 21 year age group had the
highest fatality and injury rates, with fatality rates 46% and injury rates 162% more than the
average rate for all bikers. So it was realized to develop such mechanism which can minimize
the number of road accidents & fatalities. Wearing helmet while two-wheeler driving is the
prime objective of this project & also a social responsibility.

As per Section 129 of Motor Vehicles Act-1988 makes it compulsory for every individual
riding a two wheeler to wear protective head gear conforming to standards of the

Bureau of Indian Standards. Despite creating much awareness, people don’t wear helmets.

Experts in the field are finding that it is so challenging to pass State bike helmet laws, that
local jurisdictional laws may be a more practical way to increase coverage in areas with
significant bike use -Paula Bawer, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and
Safety Programs.Bawer suggests that proclaiming helmet use laws at the local municipal level
would be easier to attain by advocacy groups and could even involve middle and high school
students interested in promoting bikers safety in their communities.

The various researches have been carried out in order to design the Smart Helmet for bike
rider safety are:
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Smart Helmet [2018]

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

INDICATION: to provide indication to the vehicles behind.

MAPS: to assist the rider to reach his destination.

SAFETY ZONE INDICATION: to alert the bike rider if any vehicle comes too close.

Fall detection: in case of accident, to inform bike rider’s family about the accident.

Audio announcement: with mp3 player.

Helmet authentication: to ensure that the bike rider is wearing a helmet.

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Smart Helmet [2018]

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Left indication

Encoder

Sensor
Right

Transmitter

indication

Microcontroller

Sensor
Break indication

Sensor

Power

Supply

Fig 1: Block diagram for vehicle

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Vibration

Sensor

Microcontroller

IR Sensor

Receiver

Decoder
 Smart Helmet [2018]

Holographic

plate

Power

Solar
GSM

Module

Panel
Left
Supply

Led indication

Right

Led indication

Break

Led indication
 USB

CHARGER

Fig 2: Block diagram for helmet

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Smart Helmet [2018]

HELMET AUTHENTICATION:- One third of all those who died in road accidents could
have survived had they worn a helmet. Studies shows that usage of helmet can save accident
death by 30 to 40%. The rate at which number of two wheelers in India is rising is 20 times
the rate at which human population is growing. Detection of helmet is done using IR and
PIR sensors.

FALL DETECTION:- Fall is detected using accelerometer. Fall detection indicates

accident has occurred. If fall is detected then a message is sent to the bike rider’s family
through GSM. For this purpose we are using accelerometer

ADXL335 and GSM module.

ACCELEROMETER: - An accelerometer is a Micro-Electro Mechanical vibration

produced by machines. Accelerometers is measured in terms of ‘g’ (‘g’ is acceleration
measurement for gravity which is equal to9.81m/s²). Accelerometer converts mechanical
motion in to electrical output.

SAFETY ZONE FOR RIDER: - In this part the bike rider will be alert if any vehicle comes
too close through LED and buzzer. An IR Sensor is used to detect the static obstacle in front
of the vehicle and the bike rider is alerted if obstacle is detected. This may avoid accidents
due to collision of vehicles with any static obstacles.

MAPS: - it is a feature that is included in the helmet for assisting the rider to reach the
destination.

INDICATION:- to provide indications to the vehicles behind.

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Smart Helmet [2018]

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:-

Microcontroller

Holographic plate

IR sensor

Vibration sensor

RF TX-RX

RF Encoder Decoder

Relay

Relay Driver

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:-

Arduino IDE.

Raspbian OS.
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Smart Helmet [2018]

MERITS AND DEMERITS

MERITS:-

The system will ensure that the motorbike will not start unless the rider is wearing a helmet
and has not consumed alcohol.

b) The system will also alert the bike rider if any obstacle comes too close while riding

the bike.

It will help to reduce the number of road accidents which are very frequent in a country like
India where the traffic is very high.

It will help to create awareness about the need to wear helmet during bike riding.

Solar panel is provided to charge the batteries and also mobiles via USB connection.

DEMERITS:-

The bike will not start unless we wear the helmet.

Miss handling of the helmet may cause unnecessarily message alert.

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Smart Helmet [2018]

APPLICATIONS

The system will ensure that the motorbike will not start unless the rider is wearing a helmet
and has not consumed alcohol. Hence safety of person is ensured.

b) Also GSM technology is used to inform the family members in case of an accident.
This project could be highly developed with upcoming technologies to provide further more
safety and security to the vehicle systems. In future scope we can use GPS to send the
location of accident along with the message.

The developed system senses the obstacles in front of the vehicle and so that the accidents due to
static obstacles could be avoided. The developed system is greatly helpful to avoid accidents
which happen during the night time. The distance between the vehicle and the static obstacle
supported by the IR sensor is three feet, and in future the distance could be increased by replacing
the IR sensor with the ultrasonic sensor.

In future if all the bike manufacturing companies include this system on each bike before the
sell, accident rates will drastically all down.
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Smart Helmet [2018]

CONCLUSION

Automatic accident detection and reporting system is deliberated in this project. The main
aim of this project is to encourage people to wear helmet and to prevent road accidents, which
is achieved. Thus road accidents can be prevented to some extent and safety of bike riders is
ensured. When accident occurs, it is sensed by Accelerometer. If bike rider has consumed
alcohol bike will not start. The proposed system also senses the obstacles or static objects in
front of the vehicles so the accidents due to static obstacles could be avoided.

The system has been designed for a special objective that should protect not only the person
riding the vehicle but also the persons around it like pedestrians and also to prevent collision
of vehicles with the other vehicle or obstacles such as trees. The designed system is highly
useful to avoid accidents which happen around the night time. It provides more than 70%
safety for two wheelers. It is the fact that implementation of system will increase cost of
vehicle but it is better to have some percent safety rather than having no percent of safety.
This system could be further enhanced with future technologies to provide further more safety
and security to the vehicle systems.
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Smart Helmet [2018]
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ECE DEPARTMENT, SVIT RAJANKUNTE BANGALORE-64