The Relationship Between Time Management and School Stress Level (ON EDITING OF REVISIONS)

THE RELATIONSHIP OF TIME MANAGEMENT TO THE SCHOOL
STRESS LEVEL OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF UPPER VILLAGES

CHRISTIAN ACADEMY INC. SY 2019-2020
UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
“The key is not to prioritize what’s on your schedule, but to schedule your
priorities.”
-Stephen R. Covey
Based on the article of Ashely Andrews, lost time is never found again. Time is
important and people manage every second to get the most of it. However, people do
commonly struggle with stress. Across the world, individuals are suffering with stress
due to meeting deadlines or keeping up with the responsibilities, yet it never seem to get
things finished. People nowadays believed that if they are much faster, they will be able
to lessen stressful situations. Meanwhile, others try to use time management to add few
extra hours into their workdays, at the expense of sleep. However, pushing through limits
for an individual is not good, resulting to burnout.
Learning time management can prevent sleep deprivation and curb stress and
burnout. According to Andrews, time management can stop your worrying progress,
allow individuals take enough rest, avoid feeling overwhelmed, help individuals feel in
control, and lastly, enable individuals to feel healthier.
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In the Philippines, Jimenez Mariano (by Padua, 2003) stressed out that with
proper time management, each person may significantly enrich their life and actualize
themselves. In terms of managing time, the efficient use of time on the study materials
contribute to successful school experience to maintain maximum achievements. Without
these qualities, even the most capable talented and students would experience
considerable frustrations in carrying out different activities and tasks, which the school
imposes. Each student, therefore, within limits of his ability, will be successful in
academic work as he pursues it with efficiency, industry, and willingness to learn. On the
other hand, if the person is a passive learner or does not have the habit of studying, then
literacy would not prevail nor the achievement.
In Upper Villages Christian Academy Inc. (UVCA), students who manage their
time are more likely to cope with the stress associated with the increased academic and
co-curricular demands of school life. With the increasing workload comes a degree of
stress, if not handled and dealt with, it could seriously affect the overall health of the
students. At the heart of the stress, managing strategy is effective time management.
Through the planning of events to avoid last-minute rushes and clashes in activities, a
student can reduce his or her chances of being stressed. For any students who are in the
face of meeting course requirements, time management would be significant.
Background of the Study
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Time management is an essential skill of an individual to obtain. It is the ability to
manage tasks given for the individual to be accomplished within a specific period
efficiently. For students, time management is significant due to the number of given tasks
that may pile up any time soon. Time mismanagement will eventually result in stress.
This study highlights the relationship of time management to the school stress level.
According to Brigitte et al. (2005), from their study “A Review of Time
Management Literature,” states that time management plays a vital role in improving
student’s academic performance and achievements. Each student should have time
management ability, which includes setting goals & priorities, using time management
mechanism, and organize in using time.
According to Adams & Blair (2019), from their study entitled "Impact of Time
Management Behaviors on Undergraduate Engineering Students’ Performance," states
that effective time management is associated with more exceptional academic
performance and lower levels of anxiety in students. However, students find it hard to
deal with their studies and external lives, misleading them to time mismanagement, to
increasing levels of stress (Van der Meer, Jansen, & Torenbeek, 2010).
According to Ekinci (2016), from his study entitled “The Relationship Between
Time Management and Academic Performance,” states that knowing time management
can overcome complicated problems. Understanding time management may not fix a
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problem, but instead, find something practical to solve it. Time management increases the
quality of an individual’s life and reduces their stress levels.
Theoretical Framework
According to Hussain (2019) from her article entitled "The Seven Habits of
Highly Effective People [Summary & Takeaways]," summarized that Habit 3: Put First
Things First from Stephen Covey’s book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People,
talks about the personal management of an individual. Individuals must train to discipline
themselves to determine the priorities from a day-to-day basis, knowing what is essential
and urgent.
4
Figure 1: Time Management Matrix
The Time Management Matrix classifies tasks to help individual sort tasks from
what needs prioritization. Time Management Matrix is in four quadrants. Quadrant #1 or
Necessity is the task that needs handling first meanwhile Quadrant #2 or Quality are the
tasks that are important but not urgent. Quadrant #3 or Deception are the tasks that are
urgent, but unimportant. Lastly, Quadrant #4 or Waste are tasks that are not important
and not urgent at all.
According to Willison (2002), “The Pickle Jar Theory” explains the managing of
time wisely. It is a visual representation of what is essential and what it is not. There are
three significant parts of this theory. These are the sand or the least important things,
pebbles that are average in importance, and the last is the rock, which stands for the
critical undertakings in the day-to-day lives.
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Figure 2: The Pickle Jar Theory
The diagram Pickle Jar Theory is an excellent example of how people can manage
their tasks. The first one is sand, which serves as a distraction in our life. Next is pebbles
on top of the sand, it should be completed on any other day as long as we comply with
what is needed. Lastly is the rock, which is the most important thing to do and to
perform. These represent the roles and obligations of the individual. If we let our jar fill
with sands instead of rocks, then there is no space for the important things because we
filled it with unimportant ones.
According to Selye (1956), “The General Adaptation to Stress Model" described
stress as a physiological response pattern and was captured within his general adaptation
syndrome (GAS) model (Figure 3.). In this way, stress may feel as eustress (positive) or
distress (negative). However, Selye always considered stress to be a physiologically
based construct or response. Gradually, other researchers expanded the thinking on stress
to include or involve psychological concepts earlier in the stress model.
The model describes stress as a dependent variable and includes three concepts:
First, stress is a defense mechanism. Next, stress follows the three stages of alarm,
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resistance, and exhaustion. Lastly, if the stress is prolonged or severe, it could result in
diseases of adaptation or even death.
Figure 3: General Adaptation to Stress (GAS) Model
The diagram General Adaptation to Stress represents that once an individual felt
stress, they were not able to control their emotions or feelings, even their actions. The
"Alarm" represents the hint to the stress of an individual. The "Resistance" represents the
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reaction of the individual because of stress. The "Exhaustion" represents the realization of
the individual that he/she came to a point where they are unaccountable of their actions.
Time Management School Stress Level
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Figure 5: Conceptual Framework
The Figure shows the relationship between time management to the school stress
level of the Grade 12 students. The ‘Time Management’ acts as the independent variable;
meanwhile the ‘School Stress Level’ acts as the dependent variable.
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According to Sloan (2018), from her article entitled "Why Stress Management and
Time Management Go Hand in Hand" states that no matter who you are and what you do,
you will experience stress at some point in your life.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to identify the relationship between time management and school
stress level of Grade 12 Students of Upper Villages Christian Academy S.Y. 2019-2020.
After this research, the researchers will answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender?
2. How do the respondents execute their time management? Is it positively or
negatively?
3. What is the respondents' school stress level?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the respondent's time management
and their school stress level?
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5. How does time management affect the respondents' stress?
Hypothesis
Based on the given problem, the Null and Alternative Hypotheses is hereby given:
Null: There is no significant relationship between time management and the school stress
level of Grade 12 students of Upper Villages Christian Academy.
Alternative: There is a significant relationship between time management and the school
stress level of the Grade 12 Students of Upper Villages Christian Academy.
Significance of the Study
The result of the study will be a great benefit to the following:
To the Students of UVCA: The study will help students to have good self-
discipline in managing their time in school or at home. They will learn the importance of
prevention in terms of having stress or depression in order to maintain excellent
performance in class.
To the Teachers of UVCA: The study will help the teachers for their students
cope up comfortably inside the class despite the mental problems their students possess.
The teachers will know the relevance of the provision of understanding beyond just
teaching to each student.
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To the Parents of UVCA: The study will help parents gain more knowledge on
how to discipline their child when it comes to time management. They will be
considerate, knowing that their child gave many tasks inside the school that is needed to
accomplish on time.
To the Administration of UVCA: The study will help the administration to be
able to lessen the pressure experienced by the students, which are caused primarily by
many school works. This study may help them maintain the right image, for they will
have good performing students, which may lead to uplift to school's proficiency in giving
quality education.
To the Researchers: The study will help the researchers learn more by providing
lists of recent actions and alerts for tasks requiring additional action. They are ready to
avoid stress.
To the Future Researchers: The future researchers may obtain some information
and backgrounds which they can incorporate with their topic related to this study. This
research paper may also help them in conducting an even more in-depth study.
Scope and Limitations
The study focuses on the relationship of time management to the school stress
Level of grade 12 students in Upper Villages Christian Academy. The extent of this study
is the Grade 12 students of Upper Villages Christian Academy who will execute a
significant role for this study to be successful. The study will be conducted around Upper
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Villages Christian Academy campus only. The researchers are limited to 155
respondents. The researchers needed to accomplish this study until October, the year
2019.
Definition of Terms
To facilitate a better understanding of this study, the following terms were
conceptually and operationally defined.
Adequately - It is to a satisfactory or acceptable extent.(https://www.lexico.com,

2019)
Cramming - It is to study for an examination by memorizing facts at the last

minute.(https://www.dictionary.com, 2018)
Pitfalls – It is a hidden or not easily recognized danger or

difficulty.(https://www.merriam-webster.com, 2019)
Stress – Is a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental

tension and may be a factor in disease causation.
(https://www.merriamwebster.com, 2019)
Time management – Is the process of organizing and planning how to divide

your time between specific activities. (https://www.mindtools.com, 2014)
Undertaking – It is the act of one who undertakes or engages in a project or

business.(https://www.merriam-webster.com, 2019)
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter provides an overview of previous research and allows the researcher
to know the amount of work done in the concerned area. The review of related literature
provides some insight regarding some strong points and limitations of the previous
studies. It enables them to improve their investigation and to arrive at the proper
conclusion of the study.
This review of related literature is divided into; Local Study, Local Literature,
Foreign Study, and Foreign Literature.
Foreign Literature
According to Hystad (2009), from their article entitled, "Academic Stress and
Health: Exploring the Moderating Role of Personality Hardiness," states that attending
university is a pleasurable experience for many students. Nevertheless, for others, it
represents a highly stressful time of extensive studying and pressure to meet the
requirements of academia. Academic stress is associated with a variety of adverse
outcomes, such as physical illness and deteriorating mental health. This paper explores
the capacity of personality hardiness to buffer the relationship between academic stress
and health. Results showed that hardiness was negatively associated with both academic
13
stress and the number of health complaints and showed that hardiness moderated the
association between academic stress and health.
According to Sloan (2018), from her article entitled, "Why Stress Management and
Time Management Go Hand in Hand," states that no matter who you are and what you
do, you will experience stress at some point in your life. Unfortunately, some people tend
to experience more stress than others. When an individual manage time wisely, they feel
in greater control of time. Also, part of it includes organization; this can make them
calmer and less stressed overall as a result. They are automating as many tasks, and
processes as possible could also improve their efficiency at work, which may lessen their
stress. Preparation and completing one task before doing another task reduces their
workload and stress, as well. Everyone has stress in their life to some degree. Stress
management and time management go hand in hand. With improved time management,
individuals will lower their stress levels.
Padagdagan ng isa pang foreign lit dito
Local Literature
According to Bagalayos (2014), from his article entitled “Pagkahapo,” states the
effects of stress, believing that it affects our mind. As highlighted, exhaustion is one of
the effects of stress, and it shows up due to a lack of self-discipline in our bodies. He
suggested that our seasonal role gave notice of the effective means of reducing
exhaustion. For students that are currently facing exhaustion, keeping these methods in
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mind would help, have hobbies and sporting activities; every student should also have
time management. Projects should be done as soon as possible so that students do not
chase or run out of time.
According to Tulungan Tayo PH (2016), from their article entitled “7 na Rason
Kung Bakit Mahalaga ang Time Management,” states that a lot of Filipino people
undervalued time managing, yet there are benefits of doing it so. Time management is
essential based on the following: our time is limited; more work means to lessen pain;
better decision making; better success at their career; lesser stress; more free time; and
self-discipline.
According to Capinig (2016), from her article entitled “Ang Ugaling Mamaya Na,”
states that students tend to postpone school works to focus on less critical tasks because it
is easier for them to do. This behavior is called procrastination. Procrastination could be a
reason for the students to feel tension or stress. It is recommended to organize their
thoughts about the tasks that need to comply. It could also be obtained by putting time
managing skills to their day-to-day activities for them aid procrastinating.
Foreign Studies
According to Pascoe, Hetrick & Parker (2019) from their study entitled “The
Impact of Stress on Students in Secondary School and Higher Education” states that
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students in secondary and tertiary education settings face a wide range of ongoing
stressors related to academic demands. As indicated from previous research, stress can
reduce academic achievements and motivation, including school dropouts.
According to Nasrullah & Khan (2015), from their study entitled "The Impact of
Time Management on the Students' Academic Achievements," states that time
management is crucial that it may affect the individual's overall performance. If the
student has a proper plan for his or her tasks in everyday life, it will make the student’s
schedule easeful. If the individual does not have proper time management, they may feel
stress because of their hectic schedules.
According to Madzhie (2017) from her article entitled "University Student's Perceptions
of the Causes of Stress" explores the university student's perception and views on the
causes of stress. The findings showed that stress is a general response of the body to a
threatening situation. It also shows that things such as conflicts, life changes, and
pressure, are among others, causes of stress. The paper concludes that students
experience many problems that cause stress, such as unplanned pregnancy, family
problems, school problems, and illness. It recommends the university or school to
provide counseling for the student who faces academic, financial, and social problems.
According to Akgun and Ciarrochi (2010), from their article entitled, "Learned
Resourcefulness Moderates the Relationship Between Academic Stress and Academic
Performance," states that people high in learning capability are purported to be better
16
than others at controlling negative emotions and managing stressful tasks. They
hypothesized that highly resourceful students would be more effective than others at
protecting themselves from the adverse effects of academic stress, and not allowing that
stress to impact their grades. Analyses revealed that academic stress was negatively
associated with academic performance. As expected, this negative association was
moderated by learned resourcefulness. High academic stress adversely impacted the
grades of low resourceful students but did not affect high resourceful students.
Local Studies
According to Fabrizio (2013), from his study entitled "The Effects of Time
Management to Colleges," states the pile of activity, vigilance, and fatigue are the faces
of every student who seems to be the pursuer of time. The leading cause of this incident
was the improper spending of time or the absence of time management. These address the
common problem that students are already experiencing. With increasing workloads,
projects, exams, and other requirements to be submitted, college students' stress and
stress levels also increase. Most of them experience a variety of illnesses, both physical
and psychological, such as stress, depression, and insomnia.
Inaplicable to our study, must be changed.
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According to Gabot (2012) from her study entitled “Papel Ukol Sa Time
Management,” states that time management is a combined ability, training, instrument,
and methodology that helps to use time wisely for the individual to grow and improve
their life. One of her research concluded that the more the individual tends to cram, the
more they believed that finishing such a task will not be easy, or they will not finish it.
According to Awas, et al. (2017), from their study entitled “Epekto ng
Pagkakaroon ng Time Management sa mga Mag-aaral ng University of Cebu SHS-
ABM,” concluded that time management is the right way of using time affiliated with
tasks. Time managing is perfect for today’s generation, as if our environment is full of
distractions that affect individuals. It could affect the student’s life if the student would
plan and use it properly. Time management must be a part of any individual because it
could affect them positively.
Synthesis of the Study
Analyses revealed that academic stress was negatively associated with academic
performance. As expected, this negative association was moderated by learned
resourcefulness. High academic stress adversely impacted the grades of low resourceful
students but did not affect high resourceful students. Academic stress is associated with a
variety of adverse outcomes, such as physical illness and deteriorating mental health.
18
This paper explores the capacity of personality hardiness to buffer the relationship
between academic stress and health. Individuals are automating as many tasks and
processes as possible could also improve their efficiency at work, which may lessen their
stress. Preparation and completing one task before doing another task reduces their
workload and stress, as well. So, if they improve their time management, they will lower
their stress levels.
Students in secondary and tertiary education settings face a wide range of ongoing
stressors related to academic demands. Previous research indicates that academic-related
stress can reduce academic achievement, decrease motivation, and increase the risk of
school dropout. The specific objective of the present study is to find out that there is a
significant association between students' stress levels in terms of their gender and content
of students. This study signifies the stress level of Senior High School students. With
increasing workloads, projects, exams, and other requirements to be submitted, college
students' stress and stress levels also increase. Most of them experience a variety of
illnesses, both physical and psychological, such as stress, depression, and insomnia.
Time management is a combined ability, training, instrument, and methodology
that helps to use time wisely for the individual to grow and improve its life.
Must be changed.
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research method with the subject of the study,
population and sample, sampling technique, instrumentation, data-gathering procedure,
and statistical treatment applied.
Research Method
In this study, the descriptive-correlation research design was used. A descriptive
correlation study is a study in which the researcher is primarily interested in describing
relationships among variables, without seeking to establish a causal connection. The
study utilized a descriptive correlation design that aims to describe the relationship
between the selected demographic profile of the respondents and their own perceived
image of the profession. This case study assists the reader in understanding the
implementation and analysis of correlation research to understand the school stress level
of students without proper time management.
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Subject of the Study
This study focused mainly on the students of Upper Villages Christian Academy
by knowing the relationship between time management and school stress levels. The
respondents in this study are the Grade 12 students consists of 8 sections.
Population and Sample
The subject of this study was the 155 of Grade 12 students, specifically under the
sections of Amazonite, Peridot, Alexandrite, Tourmaline, Citrine, Amber, Pearl, and
Garnet of Upper Villages Christian Academy enrolled during the academic year of 2019-
2020.
The researchers used the Slovin's Formula to determine the number of
respondents. The formula for the Slovin is;
𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒²
The computation for finding the sample is as follows:
Where; N=254 (total population of grade 12 students in the sections of Peridot,
Tourmaline, Citrine, Amber, Garnet, Pearl, Alexandrite, Amazonite of Upper Villages
Christian Academy)
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e = 5% (Margin of Error)
𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒²
254
𝑛=
1 + 254 (0.05)²
254
𝑛=
1 + 254 (0.0025)
254
𝑛=
1 + 0.635
254
𝑛=
1.635
𝑛 = 155.351 or 𝑛 = 155
Sampling Technique
Simple random sampling is used in this study. According to Yates, Moore, and
Starnes (2008), a simple random sample is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen from
a larger set (a population). This method was done by first assigning a number to the
participants of the population assembling them in a sample frame.
Research Instrumentation
The researchers used two standardized questionnaires to gather data to determine
The Relationship of Time Management to the School Stress Level of Grade 12 Students
22
of Upper Villages Christian Academy. The first part aims to analyze how good the
individual's time management is, created by The Mind Tools Content Team from their
website https://www.mindtools.com (2008). The second part aims to analyze the amount
of school stress an individual encounter created by an unknown person from
https://www.wufoo.com (2017). The questionnaires was checked and validated by our
research adviser to gather data.
Weighted Mean Equivalent Verbal Interpretations
4.22 to 5.00 5 Very often
3.42 to 4.21 4 Often
2.62 to 3.41 3 Sometimes
1.81 to 2.61 2 Rarely
1.00 to 1.80 1 Not at all
Data Gathering Procedures
These are the way to gather the data needed for this research:
1. The researchers find standardized questionnaires related to the topic, prepared
the letter of request for concerned school administration of selected student respondents
among Grade 12 students of Upper Villages Christian Academy.
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2. The researchers prepared the letter of request for concerned school
administration of selected student respondents among Grade 12 students of Upper
Villages Christian Academy.
3. Upon the approval of the request, the researchers personally administered and
retrieved the questionnaires from the target respondents.
4. After retrieving the questionnaires, the researchers classified, encoded, and
summarized the gathered data.
5. The researchers analyzed and interpreted the findings of the study following the
sequence of actual problems posted in chapter 1 with the help of a statistician.
Statistical Treatment Applied
Pearson R (product-moment correlation coefficient) is use if there is a significant
difference between x and y variables and it measure of the strength of the linear
relationship between two variables.
𝑛(∑ 𝑥𝑦) − (∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)

𝑟=
√[(𝑛)(∑ 𝑥 2 ) − (∑ 𝑥)2 ][(𝑛)(∑ 𝑦 2 ) − (∑ 𝑦)2 ]
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Where,
n = # of respondents
Σx = total of x
Σy = total of y
Σx ² = total of square of x
Σy ² = total of square of y
Σxy = total of xy
The value of r is equal to the number of pairs of scores multiplied to the sum of
the product of the paired scores subtracted by the product of the sum of x scores and sum
of y scores divided by the square root of the number of pairs of scores multiplied to the
sum of squared x scores subtracted by the square of sum x scores multiplied to the
product of the number of paired scores and the sum of squared y scores subtracted by the
square of the sum of y scores.
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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets the data gathered from the survey
questionnaire, which focused on the relationship between Time Management and School
Stress Level of Grade 12 Students of Upper Villages Christian Academy.
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender?
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Table 1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents in terms of Age
Age Frequency Percentage
16 years old 9 5.80%
17 years old 108 69.68%
18 years old 25 16.13%
19 years old 10 6.45%
20 years old 3 1.94%
Total 155 100%
As shown in the table, majority of the respondents are from ages 17 years old with
108 (70%); 25 of the respondents are from ages 18 years old (16%); 10 of the
respondents are from ages 19 years old (6%); 9 of the respondents are from ages 16
years old (6%); while 3 of the respondents are from ages 20 years old (2%).
Table 2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents in terms of Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 65 42%
Female 90 58%
Total 155 100%
The table shows the profile of the respondents in terms of gender. The total
number of respondents is 155, 65, or 42% are male, while 90 or 58% are female.
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2. How do the respondents execute their time management? Is it positively or negatively?
Table 3
Weighted Mean of Time Management (Positive)
Description WM Level
1. The tasks I work on are 3.41 Sometimes

the ones with highest the
highest priority.
6. I use goal setting to 3.32 Sometimes

decide what tasks and
activities I should work
on.
8. I use goal setting to 3.32 Sometimes

decide what tasks and
activities I should work
on.
10. I am stressed about 3.4 Sometimes

deadlines and
commitments.
11. Distractions keep me 3.34 Sometimes

from working on critical
tasks.
General WM 3.36 Sometimes

This table revealed the level of respondents' Time management. Item number 1
"The tasks I work on are the ones with highest the highest priority" Got a weighted mean
of 3.41 and a verbal interpretation of sometimes. Item number 6 "I use goal setting to
decide what tasks and activities I should work on" got a weighted mean of 3.32 and a
verbal interpretation of sometimes. Item number 8 "I use goal setting to decide what tasks
and activities I should work on" got a weighted mean of 3.32 and a verbal interpretation
of sometimes. Item number 10, "I am stressed about deadlines and commitments." got a
weighted mean of 3.4 and a verbal interpretation of sometimes. Moreover, last item
number 11 "Distractions keep me from working on critical tasks." got a weighted mean of
3.36, and a verbal interpretation of sometimes. Overall, Time management of the
respondents has an average level, with a total mean score of 3.36.
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Table 4
Weighted Mean of Time Management (Negative)
3. I set aside time for 3.12 Sometimes

planning and scheduling.
5. I find myself dealing 3.16 Sometimes

with interruptions.
7. I leave contingency time 2.85 Sometimes

in my schedule to deal
with "the unexpected"?
13. I prioritize my To Do 3.08 Sometimes

list or Action Program.
14. I confirm my priorities 2.77 Sometimes

with my boss (Teacher).
This table revealed the level of respondents' Time management. Item number 3, "I
set aside time for planning and scheduling." got a weighted mean of 3.12 and a verbal
interpretation of sometimes. Item number 5, "I find myself dealing with interruptions."
got a weighted mean of 3.16 and a verbal interpretation of sometimes. Item number 7, "I
leave contingency time in my schedule to deal with "the unexpected"?" got a weighted
mean of 2.85 and a verbal interpretation of sometimes. Item number 13, "I prioritize my
To" Do list or Action Program." got a weighted mean of 3.08 and a verbal interpretation
of sometimes. Moreover, last, Item number 14, "I confirm my priorities with my boss
(Teacher)." got a weighted mean of 2.77 and a verbal interpretation of sometimes.
Overall, Time management of the respondents has an average level with a total mean
score of 2.9
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3. What is the respondents’ school stress level?
Table 5
Weighted Mean of School Stress Level (Negative)
1. I cannot pay attention 2.48 Rarely

to my class.
2. I do not understand 2.43 Rarely

what my teacher teaches.
4. My attendance is poor 1.79 Not at all
5. I often late for class 1.86 Rarely
9. I got scolded when I go 2.48 Rarely

home.
General WM 2.21 Rarely
This table revealed the level of respondents' School Stress Level. Item number 1,
"I cannot pay attention to my class." got a weighted mean of 2.48 and a verbal
interpretation of rarely. Item number 2, "I do not understand what my teacher teaches."
got a verbal interpretation of rarely. Item number 4," My attendance is poor," got a
weighted mean of 1.79 and a verbal interpretation of not at all. Item number 5, "I often
late for class," got a weighted mean of 1.86 and a verbal interpretation of rarely.
Moreover, last, Item number 9, "I got scolded when I go home." got a weighted mean of
2.48 and a verbal interpretation of rarely. Overall, the School Stress Level of the
respondents has a low level, with a total mean score of 2.21.
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Table 6
Weighted Mean of School Stress Level (Positive)
11. I am tired and sleeping 2.94 Sometimes

more/less than normal.
12. I cannot concentrate 2.88 Sometimes

when school works are
piled up.
13. I feel pressured when 3.17 Sometimes

the allotted time for a
specific schoolwork is
short.
14. I feel I have too much 3.01 Sometimes

pressure because of my
studies and examinations.
15. I no longer to do 2.85 Sometimes

things once I very much
liked to do.

This table revealed the level of respondents' School Stress Level. Item number 1,
"I am tired and sleeping more/less than normal." got a weighted mean of 2.94 and a
verbal interpretation of sometimes. Item number 12, "I cannot concentrate when school
works are piled up." got a weighted mean of 2.88 and a verbal interpretation of
sometimes. Item number 13, "I feel pressured when the allotted time for specific
schoolwork is short." got a weighted mean of 3.17 and a verbal interpretation of
sometimes. Item number 14, "I feel I have too much pressure because of my studies and
examinations." got a weighted mean of 3.01 and a verbal interpretation of sometimes.
Moreover, last, Item number 15, "I no longer to do things once I very much liked to do."
got a weighted mean of 2.85 and a verbal interpretation of sometimes. Overall, the
School Stress Level of the respondents has an average level, with a total mean score of
2.97.
31
4. Is there a significant relationship between the respondent’s time management and their
school stress level?
Table 7
Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation Test result of Cross Tabulation
between Time Management and School Stress Level
Average Time management 3.20
Average School stress level 2.59
Level of Significance 0.05
Degree of Freedom 153
R-Tabular Value (0.05)(2-Tailed) 0.159
R-Computed 0.3
Decision Rule: If the R-Computed Value is Greater than the R-Tabular Reject HO
(Null Hypothesis) then Accept H1 (Alternative Hypothesis).
The findings revealed that there is significant evidence of the relationship
between Time management and School stress levels. The relationship between Time
management and School stress level was determined by the Pearson Product Moment
Coefficient of Correlation Test. Since the R-Computed Value of 0.3 is higher than the R-
Tabular Value of 0.159, the research hypothesis is confirmed that there is a significant
relationship between the Time management and School stress level of Grade 12 students
of Upper Villages Christian Academy Inc. S.Y 2019-2020.
32
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The study investigated the respondents' relationship of time management to the
school stress level. To do this, the researchers gathered all the data needed for the study.
To determine the relationship of time management to the school stress level, descriptive
correlation was applied.
Summary of Findings
The study investigated the relationship of time management and school stress
level. To make it happen, the researchers conduct survey research among grade 12
students of Upper Villages Christian Academy S.Y. 2019 - 2020 and gathered all the
needed data to complete this study. The descriptive correlation was applied to determine
the relationship of time management to the school stress level. For the relationship
between time management and school stress levels of students, Pearson-R was used.
33
The study revealed the following findings:
1. Profile of the respondents
1.1 As shown in the table, majority of the respondents are from ages 17 years old
with 108 (70%); 25 of the respondents are from ages 18 years old (16%); 10 of the
respondents are from ages 19 years old (6%); 9 of the respondents are from ages 16 years
old (6%); while 3 of the respondents are from ages 20 years old (2%).
1.2 The table shows the profile of the respondents in terms of gender. As a result,
the total number of respondents is 155, 65, or 42% are male, while 90 or 58% are female.
2. Time Management
2.1 The table revealed the level of respondents' Time management. The top five
questions shown have the highest weighted mean (WM), showing that the respondents
manage their time well. Overall, Time management of the respondents has an average
level, with a total mean score of 3.36.
2.2 The table revealed the level of respondents' Time management. The top five
questions shown have the lowest weighted mean (WM), showing that the respondents do
it sometimes. Overall, Time management of the respondents has an average level, with a
total mean score of 2.9.
34
3. School Stress Level
3.1 The table revealed the level of respondents' School Stress Level. The top five
questions shown have the lowest weighted mean (WM), showing that the respondents
having a big chance of being stressed. Overall, the School Stress Level of the respondents
has a low level, with a total mean score of 2.21.
3.2 The table revealed the level of respondents' School Stress Level. These top
five questions with the highest weighted mean (WM), showing that the respondents are
having a low chance of being stressed. Overall, the School Stress Level of the
respondents has an average level, with a total mean score of 2.97.
4. Is there a significant relationship between the respondent's time management and their
school stress level?
The findings revealed that there is significant evidence of relationship bet Time
management and School stress levels of the respondents. Pearson R of Correlation
determines the relationship between Time management and School stress level. (Pearson
R=0.3, DF=153, RT=0.159)
35
Conclusions
1. Profile of the respondents
The majority of the respondents are female, with the age of 17 years old.
2. The respondents executed their time management positively.
The respondents have their priorities, control, and self-discipline when it comes to
managing their time. The results show that the respondents have positive or proper time
management.
3. The respondents' school stress level.
The respondents' school stress level shows that if they have a negative or low
chance of being stressed.
4. The significant relationship between the respondent's time management and their
school stress level.
Since the R computed value of 0.3 is higher than the R tabular of 0.159 with 153
degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance, the research hypothesis is confirmed that
there is a positive relationship between time management and school stress level.
5. The following statement affects the respondents.
Poor time management is the main reason why students experience stress.
36
Recommendations
For the Students:
The students must know the significance of prioritizing how to use their time
productively, must disregard the unnecessary things, must possess punctuality and must
strive for their emotional stability.
For the Parents:
The parents must not forget to look after their child’s mental wellness. Proper
communication talking about how to deal with stress is advisable.
For the Teachers:
The teachers must represent to teach proper time management to the students,
considering teaching time management as a training ground for them to improve and be
responsible.
For the Administration:
The administration must provide public counseling inside the school, talking
about how to reduce stress among the students.
For the Researchers:
The researchers should share some knowledge with other students and should be a
role model for other students to follow proper time management.
37
For the Future Researchers:
The future researchers must afford to provide more in-depth insights about the
topic. They must have patience in order to seek more in-depth and reliable sources. They
must cooperate well in order to provide stronger evidence to support the contents of the
study.
References
"7 na Rason Kung Bakit Mahalaga ang Time Management". Tulungan Tayo, 17
December 2016, https://tulungantayo.wordpress.com/2016/12/17/7-na-rason-kung-
bakit-mahalaga-ang-time-management/
Adams, Richelle V. & Erik Blair. "Impact of Time Management Behaviors on
Undergraduate Engineering Students’ Performance". Sage Journals, Sage
Publications Inc., 18 January 2019,
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244018824506
Akgun, Serap & Joseph Ciarrochi. "Learned Resourcefulness Moderates the
Relationship Between Academic Stress and Academic Performance". Taylor &
38
Francis Online, Informa UK Limited, 01 June
2010, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0144341032000060129.
Capinig, Nelzae C. "Ang Ugaling Mamaya Na". SHS - Pagbasa at Pagsusuri sa
Pananaliksik, 18 November 2016, http://srnhsfilipino.blogspot.com/2016/11/ang-
ugaling-mamaya-na_18.html
Claessens, Brigitte JC, et al. "A Review of The Time Management Literature". Research
Gate, 2007, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228664480
Eeldeb, Dr. G.A.E. & Dr. Entisar Kamel Eldosoky “Relationship between Effectiveness
of Time Management and Stress levels among Nursing Students” International
Organization of Scientific Research, 2016, http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-
jnhs/papers/vol5-issue2/Version-4/L05020495100.pdf
Ekinci, Büşranur. “The Relationship Between Time Management and Academic
Performance”. Academia, 2016,
https://www.academia.edu/31109006/The_Relationship_Between_Time_Managem
ent_and_Academic_Performance_Research_Proposal_
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Fabrizio, M. "Isang Pag-aaral Ukol sa Sanhi at Epekto ng Time Management sa Ikaapat
na Taon Panuruan". Termpaper Warehouse, 2014,
https://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Time-Management/516039
Hazel Mae. "Epekto ng Pagkakaroon ng Time Management sa mga Mag-aaral ng
University of Cebu SHS-ABM". Academia, 2017,
https://www.academia.edu/33872988/Epekto_ng_Pagkakaroon_ng_Time_Manage
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Hussain, A. “7 Habits of Highly Effective People [Summary & Takeaways]” Hubspot, 08
July 2019, https://blog.hubspot.com/sales/habits-of-highly-effective-people-
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Hystad, Sigurd W., et al. "Academic Stress and Health: Exploring the Moderating Role of
Personality Hardiness." Taylor & Francis Online, Informa UK Limited, 09
September 2009,
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00313830903180349
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Madzhie, M. "University Students’ Perceptions of the Causes of Stress". Taylor &
Francis Online, Informa UK Limited, 11 October 2017,
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09718923.2015.11893459
Mulder, P. "Pickle Jar Theory". Tools Hero, 2017, https://www.toolshero.com/time-
management/pickle-jar-theory/
Nasrullah_PhD, Shazia, and Muhammad Saqib Khan_PhD. "The Impact of Time
Management on the Students’ Academic Achievements". Research Gate, 2015,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313768789_The_Impact_of_Time_Mana
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41
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01 July 2014, http://www boardma.com/blog/the-theory-of-time-management/?
"Time Management Matrix by Stephen Covey – Urgent vs Important". Sid Savara, 12
March 2018, https://sidsavara.com/coveys-time-management-matrix-illustrated/
Tumbokon-Gabot M. "Pamanahong Papel Ukol sa Time Management". Scribd, 2014,
https://www.scribd.com/doc/78204807/hong-Papel-Ukol-Sa-Time-Management
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coping/?fbclid=IwAR08azynkWdmdv3JMxr8Qw0q-
xTqSZOLJ_0QAIHMREuCuAKLX4FMtW6sg1Q
Reminders :
42
1. Binibigyan ko kayo ng deadline neto hanggang friday ng umaga, alam kong pare
pareho na tayong pigang piga but alam ko once na nag tulong-tulong kayo
matatapos nyo rin to kagad. Hindi na kaya ng schedule ko na mag revise. Ich-
check ko nalang yung mga grammar if tama especially sa mga pinapabago ko.
2. Always check if naka 3rd person point of view ba yung ginagawa nyo, so pano
malalaman? Ganito.
Example : In the Philippines, Jimenez Mariano (by Padua, 2003) stressed out that
with proper time management, each person may significantly enrich his life
and actualize himself.
Proper : In the Philippines, Jimenez Mariano (by Padua, 2003) stressed out that
with proper time management, each person may significantly enrich their life
and actualize themselves.
Sarap sa mata diba.
Ganyan, meron din jan makikita nyo if nakalagay pala "We, They, Their etc." mali
yon, jan pinapasok yung mga words na dapat ipalit nyo like "individual,
themselves, those" ewan hayop.
3. Na realize ko lang, sa Foreign Literature may nakalagay na "study to", pwede
nyo yon ilipat sa Foreign Studies pamalit. Pero yung mga wala talaga mag
hahanap po tayo.
43
4. Use Ctrl F, useful tool yan para sa pag hahanap ng specific parts ng research
naten na kelangan baguhin kung in case nakaligtaan or kaya nadaanan. Dahil
jan make sure na lahat ng Upper Villages Christian Academy may Inc. sa
dulo, pwera dun sa (UVCA) iba na yan.
5. Ihanda nyo na pera nyo para sa bookbind my dudes ;-;
6. If may tanong kayo, magtanong na especially dun sa concern ko sa isang part
nung thesis naten, kelangan naten don si tr keith lol saglitang oo o hindi lang
yon.
7. If may natanggal sa chapter 2 and 1 paki lista and ibigay saken, aayusin ko
references after non.
8. Good luck, I am looking forward sainyo ayiEEEEe ChaRoT
44

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF TIME MANAGEMENT TO THE SCHOOL

STRESS LEVEL OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS OF UPPER VILLAGES

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

for an individual is not good, resulting to burnout.

control, and lastly, enable individuals to feel healthier.

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

contribute to successful school experience to maintain maximum achievements. Without

literacy would not prevail nor the achievement.

face of meeting course requirements, time management would be significant.

Background of the Study

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

Time management is an essential skill of an individual to obtain. It is the ability to

According to Brigitte et al. (2005), from their study “A Review of Time

mechanism, and organize in using time.

Management Behaviors on Undergraduate Engineering Students’ Performance," states

that effective time management is associated with more exceptional academic

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

quality of an individual’s life and reduces their stress levels.

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

Figure 1: Time Management Matrix

what needs prioritization. Time Management Matrix is in four quadrants. Quadrant #1 or

and not urgent at all.

critical undertakings in the day-to-day lives.

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

Figure 2: The Pickle Jar Theory

filled it with unimportant ones.

According to Selye (1956), “The General Adaptation to Stress Model" described

distress (negative). However, Selye always considered stress to be a physiologically

to include or involve psychological concepts earlier in the stress model.

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

diseases of adaptation or even death.

Figure 3: General Adaptation to Stress (GAS) Model

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

Time Management School Stress Level

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Figure 5: Conceptual Framework

meanwhile the ‘School Stress Level’ acts as the dependent variable.

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

you will experience stress at some point in your life.

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following:

2. How do the respondents execute their time management? Is it positively or

3. What is the respondents' school stress level?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the respondent's time management

and their school stress level?

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

5. How does time management affect the respondents' stress?

level of Grade 12 students of Upper Villages Christian Academy.

stress level of the Grade 12 Students of Upper Villages Christian Academy.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be a great benefit to the following:

prevention in terms of having stress or depression in order to maintain excellent

teaching to each student.

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

To the Administration of UVCA: The study will help the administration to be

Scope and Limitations

UPPER VILLAGES CHRISTIAN ACADEM Y INC.

To facilitate a better understanding of this study, the following terms were

conceptually and operationally defined.

Adequately - It is to a satisfactory or acceptable extent.(https://www.lexico.com,

Cramming - It is to study for an examination by memorizing facts at the last

Pitfalls – It is a hidden or not easily recognized danger or

Stress – Is a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental