The state is a political Association that establishes sovereign jurisdiction within defined territorial

borders, and exercises authority through a set of permanent institutions. it is responsible for the
collective organisation of communal life which is funded at the publix expense.

The Idealist approach as laid down by Hegel identifies moments of social existence, the family, civil
society and the state. within the family he argued there a particular altruism operates that encourages
people to set aside their own interests for the good of their children or elderly relatives. In contrast civil
society is seen as a sphere of universal egoism comma in which individuals place their own interest
before those of others.

Civil society is a private sphere of autonomous groups and associations, independent from state or
public authority.

the organisational Jew defines the state as the Apparatus of government in its broadest sense, that set
of institutions that recognisably public, in that they are responsible for the collective organisation of
social existence and are funded at the publix expense.

it is possible to identify the five key features of the state which include sovereignty, they are
recognisable public comma the state is an exercise in legitimation this state is an instrument of
domination, the state is a territorial Association.

International approach to the state views it primarily as an actor on the world stage, this highlights the
dualistic nature of the state the fact that it has two faces, one looking outputs and the other looking in
words. the state includes a defined territory, a permanent population and effective Government and the
capacity to enter into relation with other states.

the central factor that explains the development of the modern state was its ability to fight wars. The
natural military Encounters not only greatly increased the coercive power that rulers could wield, but
also allowed States to extend their control over their populations by developing more extensive systems
of taxation and administration.

a nation state is a sovereign political Association within with citizenship and nationality overlap, one
Nation within a single step.

PLURALIST STATE
this theory stems from the belief that the state acts as an umpire or referee in society. the state can be
ignored only because it is seen as an impartial referee that can be bent to the will of the Government of
the day.

Johnlock argued that the state had a reason out of a voluntary agreement or social contract, made by
individuals who recognised that only the establishment of a sovereign power could safeguard them from
the insecurity, disorder and brutality of the state of nature.

Hobbes stability and order could be secured only through the establishment of an absolute and
unlimited state, with power that could neither be challenged not questioned. he had that citizens are
confronted by a Stark choice between absolutism and Anarchy.

Lock on the other hand said that the purpose of the state is very specific, it is restricted to the defence
of a set of natural or god given individual rights.

Pluralism asserts that within liberal democracy is power is widely and evenly dispersed. As a theory of
the state, it holds that the state is neutral comma in so far as it is susceptible to the influence of various
groups and interests of all social classes. The state is effectively subordinate to the governmentnot
elected States bodies are strictly impartial and are subject to the authority of the political Masters.

CAPITALIST STATE

send this prospective this state is clearly dependent on society and entirely dependent on its
economically dominant class which is the bourgeoisie. Marx suggested that the state could enjoy what
has come to be seen as relative autonomy from the class system, the napoleonic state being capable of
imposing its will upon society.

From this perspective the autonomy of the state is only relative in that the state appears to mediate
between conflicting classes and so maintains the class system.

LEVIATHAN STATE
The leviathan state is associated with the new right it is born of the belief that the state is a parasitic
growth that threatens both individual liberty and economic security. The state instead is an overbearing
Nani desperate to interfere and medal in every aspect of human existence.

While marxists argue that the state reflect broader class and other social interests, the new right
protrays the state as an independent or autonomous entity that produces its own interest.

MINIMAL STATES

it is the ideal of classic liberals, as it aims to ensure that individuals enjoy the wildest possible realm of
freedom. The state is more of a protective body, its core function being to provide a framework of peace
and social order within which citizens can conduct their lives as they think best.

This night watchman state first and foremost must exist to maintain domestic order. Second it ensures
that the contract or voluntary agreements maid between private citizens are enforced, and third it
provides protection against external threats.

DEVELOPMENTAL STATE

A developmental state is one that interviews and economic life with the specific purpose of promoting
industrial growth and economic development. this does not amount to an attempt to replace the
market with the socialist system of planning and control, but it is an attempt to construct a partnership
between the state and major economic interests.

competition state is a state which pursue strategies to ensure long-term competitiveness in the global
economy.

Tiger economies are fast growing and export oriented economies modelled on Japan.

SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC STATES

Social democratic state intervene with a view to bringing about broader social reconstruction usually in
accordance with principles such as fairness equality and Social Justice. Social Justice is a morally
justifiable distribution of material rewards, it is often seen to imply a bias in favour of equality.

The the key to understanding the social democratic state is that there is a shift from negative view of the
state to a positive you existed, in which it is seen as a means of enlarging liberty and promoting justice.

it is an active participant therefore it tends to focus less upon the generation of wealth and more. What
is seen as the equitable or just distribution of wealth. the adoption of welfare policies has led to the
emergence of so-called welfare States whose responsibilities have extended to the promotion of social
well-being amongst their citizens.

COLLECTIVIZED STATES

They bring the entirety of economic life under state control, desi to abolish private enterprise
altogether, and setup centrally planned economies.

Failed state is a state that fails to perform basic state functions like maintained domestic order and
security.