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ABSTRACT: An existing effective stress limit plasticity solution for piezocone penetration tests (CPTu) de-
veloped at the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) is calibrated to evaluate the effective stress friction
angle ′ for clayey soils subjected to centrifuge model testing. Results from previously conducted in-flight mini-
piezocone tests by various institutes were compiled for study, including readings taken from 13 series of cen-
trifuge chamber tests on artificially prepared clays, mainly kaolin and kaolinitic-silica mixtures. Effective stress
friction angles from companion triaxial compression tests (CAUC or CIUC) and/or direct simple shear (DSS)
tests on these soil deposits were adopted as the benchmark reference to verify the reasonableness of the NTH
method in assessing ′ at constant penetration rates, as well as a few special tests conducted at variable rates.
ϕ' ≈ 29.5° ∙ Bq0.121 [0.256+0.336∙Bq + log Q] (2) CPTu Readings (kPa) Cone Resistance Number, Q
The approximate expression is compared with the 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 2 4 6 8 10
0 0
actual closed-form analytical solution in Figure 1 and
seen to be in reasonable agreement over the specified 2 2
ranges of ' and Bq.
qnet Q
Du2
Bq
Prototype Depth (m)
100 4 4
c'=0 Q = (qt-vo)/vo'
6 6
=0 Bq = u2/(qt-vo)
Cone Resistance Number, Q
8 8
10 10
Approximation (dots)
10 12 12
φ'=
40° 14 14
35°
16 16
30°
25° 18 18
Theory (lines) 20°
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
1 Normalized PWP, Bq
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Figure 2. Profiles of qnet, u, Q and Bq in NC kaolin in centrifuge
Normalized Porewater, Bq = u2/(qt-vo) testing (data from Schneider 2008)
a measured value of ' = 28.6° obtained from labora- v' = ½ (1' + 3') (kPa)
tory direct simple shear test (DSS) on the same soil, Figure 5. Comparison of NTH evaluated effective friction angle
as confirmed by Figure 5. ϕ' from CPTu with lab DSS (data from Schneider 2008)
600
4.2 CPTu twitch test at 110g acceleration
Net Cone Resistance, qnet (kPa)
40
Regression Statistics: n = 13
y = 0.99x
4.3 Database Summary 35
R² = 0.9087
S.E.Y=1.15