Khyber Pass Copy

Khyber Pass copy - Wikipedia
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Khyber Pass copy
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JSTOR (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Copies of British Martini and Snider firearms built in the Khyber region
A Khyber Pass copy is a firearm manufactured by cottage gunsmiths in the Khyber
Pass region between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
The area has long had a reputation for producing unlicensed copies of firearms
using whatever materials are available; more often than not, railway rails,
scrap motor vehicles, and other scrap metal with basic hand tools [1]. The
quality of such firearms varies widely, ranging from as good as a
factory-produced example to dangerously poor.
Contents
1 Models
2 Identification
3 Ammunition
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Models[edit]
Copy of Webley Pocket Pistol in .38 S&W, purchased at Bagram Airfield,

Afghanistan
The most commonly encountered Khyber Pass copies are of British military
firearms, notably Martini–Henry, Martini–Enfield, and Lee–Enfield rifles,
although AK-47 rifles, Webley Revolvers, Tokarev TT-33s, Colt M1911s and
Browning Hi-Powers have also been encountered. In the United States, a
Kalashnikov-style rifle composed of a mix of parts from various style AK rifles
is sometimes referred to as a Khyber Pass AK because, like Khyber guns, they are
unlike any rifle produced by a factory or issued by a regular military force.
The typical example of a "Khyber Pass AK" is a stamped receiver AKM chambered
for the 7.62×39mm cartridge, fitted with the triangular folding stock common to
Russian AKS-74 rifles.[citation needed]
The Khyber Pass gunsmiths first acquired examples of the various British service
arms during nineteenth-century British military expeditions in the North-West
Frontier (generally unsuccessful, and sometimes disastrously so), which they
used to make copies. During World War II, some locally organised irregular
forces were issued Khyber Pass-made rifles – partly for financial reasons and
partly because there was concern the troops would steal their rifles and desert
if issued higher-quality British or Indian manufactured rifles.[2]
Identification[edit]
External video
Khyber Pass Martini Pistol at RIA

Khyber Pass rifles are usually copied exactly from a "master" weapon (which may
itself be a Khyber Pass copy), markings and all. It is not uncommon to see
Khyber Pass rifles with numerous errors and particular identifying factors,
notably:
Spelling errors in the markings (the most common of which is EИFIELD for
ENFIELD)[3]
V.R. (Victoria Regina) cyphers dated after 1901 – Queen Victoria died in 1901,
so any rifles made after this should be stamped "E.R" (Edward Rex, referring
to King Edward VII)
Generally inferior workmanship, including weak or soft metal, poorly finished
wood, and poorly struck markings.
Afghanistan was a point of conflict between the British Empire and Imperial
Russia throughout the 19th century, from which it is reasonable to assume that
tools and expertise relevant to both cultures were accumulated by local
gunsmiths. Rather than a translation error, a reversed "N" or "L" in ENFIELD may
be the Cyrillic "И" or "Г" character, with the gunsmith using whichever
available letter punch best resembled the original letters.
Ammunition[edit]
Not only are there counterfeit weapons, but there is counterfeit ammunition as
well. Typically they are based on low-powered modern cartridges. .30 bore
cartridges are compatible with 7.63×25mm Mauser or 7.62×25mm Tokarev. .32 bore
cartridges are compatible with .32 Auto Colt Pistol / 7.65mm Browning
(7.65×17mmSR). 12 bore cartridges are 12 gauge (18.5x70mmR) shotgun shells.
44 bore cartridges are compatible with the 7.92×33mm Kurz round for the World
War Two era StG 44. Pakistan has a ban on rifles designed to fire military
cartridges; the use of the 44 bore cartridge was a loophole in the law until
specifically banned in 2012. It was used in AKM copies chambered or modified for
it. It was a popular cartridge because it was easy to modify AKMs to fire it but
still fed from standard AK magazines. Saquib brand makes 44 bore ammunition.
The ammunition used in the Khyber Pass region is often underloaded, being made
from a variety of powders or even old film (which contains nitrocellulose, a key
component of smokeless powder); Khyber Pass Copy rifles cannot be expected to
withstand the pressures generated by modern commercial ammunition. A few
collectors have made extremely mild handloaded cartridges for their Khyber Pass
rifles and fired them, at substantial personal risk.[citation needed]
The packaging and headstamps are often forged versions of quality foreign brands
like GECO (Gustav Genschow & Co.), Golden Tiger (Vympel IIRC), China Sport
(NORINCO), MEN (Metallwerk Elisenhütte Nassau), and PPU (Prvi Partizan Užice).
Local counterfeits have colorful brand-name packaging like Buffalo, Diamond,
Double Dragon, Double Star, Federal SKF, Goodluck, Gorilla, and Tiger SBR.
The Khyber Arms Company, a local ammunition manufacturer, makes the Expert or
X-Pert brand. It uses counterfeit Winchester ammunition packaging with
cartridges stamped with fake NORINCO State Factory 311 headstamps.
New casings and bullet jackets are usually copper-washed steel, like Chinese
ammunition. The casings are sometimes recycled from scrounged US or NATO
military brass casings. 5.56mm NATO cases are cut-down and reshaped to make .30
bore rounds. 9×19mm Parabellum cases are cut down to make reloaded .380 ACP /
9×17mm Short or 9×18mm Makarov rounds.
See also[edit]
Antique firearms
Arms industry
Artisan
Cottage industry
Counterfeit consumer goods
Darra Adam Khel
Gun culture in Pakistan
Gunsmith
Replica
Saturday night special
References[edit]
^ Ahmad, Riaz. "The Way of the Gun". Small Arms Defense Journal. Retrieved 31
March 2019..mw-parser-output
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^ Ian Skennerton, The Lee-Enfield Story (1993). Arms & Militaria Press, Gold
Coast QLD (Australia) ISBN 1-85367-138-X
^ Stephen Manning (20 May 2013). The Martini-Henry Rifle. Osprey Publishing.
pp. 107–. ISBN 978-1-78096-508-6.
External links[edit]
Vice Magazine, "Let's Go Pakistan!"
<img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1"
alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"
/>
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Categories: Firearms of Pakistan

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