FACULTY : ENGINEERING

EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND (BOD) AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2018

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

LABORATORY /
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS

COURSE CODE BNP 21403

EXPERIMENT CODE EXPERIMENT 2

EXPERIMENT TITLE CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)

DATE

GROUP NO.

(1)
LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR
(2)

DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION

RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP

COMMENTS:

TOTAL MARK (FROM RUBRIC

ASSESSMENT)

1
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEPARTMENT OF(BOD)
DEMAND CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2018

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY

LABORATORY RUBRIC ASSESSMENT
CLO: To Display the ability of working in group in accomplishing the tasks of water and wastewater
analysis and treatment technology effectively
(PLO2- P4) – 10%

Level of Achievement

Very Weak Weak Modest Good Excellent

Elements
1 2 3 4 5 Level Weight Score

Introduction Background Background Background Background Background

Content knowledge is information is information is information is information may information has the
accurate, relevant and missing or accurate, but overly narrow or contain minor appropriate level of
provides appropriate contains major irrelevant or too overly general (only omissions or specificity to provide
background for reader inaccuracies. disjointed to make partially relevant). inaccuracies that do concise and useful P1 4 /20
including defining critical relevance clear not detract from the context to aid the
terms. major point of the reader’s
paper understanding
Materials and methods No materials are Some materials are Some materials are Most materials are All Materials are
Appropriate materials and listed. listed. listed. listed. listed.
method are present and Procedure section Procedure is Procedure contains Procedure is P4 3 /15
explained is missing. Poorly explained / missing steps and most steps and is complete and easy to
indecipherable difficult to follow. easy to follow. follow. All steps are
present.
Measurement/Results All data are Most data are Most data are All data are taken All data are
Data are summarized in missing or missing or correctly taken, but minor data are correctly taken
a logical format. Table incorrect incorrect no missing data incorrect
P4 3 /15
or graph types are
appropriate. Data are
properly labelled
including units. Graph
Discussion Alternative Alternative Discussion Discussion of Discussion and
axes are appropriately
Alternative explanations are explanations are explanations are addresses some but alternatives is analysis of
labeled andand
considered scaled and
clearly not provided mentioned but not not all of the reasonably complete, alternatives is based
captions
eliminatedarebyinformative
data in a discussed or alternatives in a uses data where on data, complete and
and complete.
persuasive discussion. eliminated. reasonable way. possible and results persuasive with a
P4 5 /25
in at least some single clearly
alternatives being supported
persuasively explanation
dismissed remaining by the end
of the discussion.
Respond to Q&A Minimum Limited ability to Able to respond Able to respond Unable to respond
Respond and answer to ability to answer and and answer and answer and answer to the
the question accordingly. respond and sometimes do not constructively constructively at question P3 2 /10
answer to the match the most of the time. all times. accordingly.
question. question.
Conclusion Conclusions have Conclusions have Conclusions have Conclusions are Conclusions are
Conclusion is clearly and no basis in data little basis in data some direct basis in clearly and logically completely justified
logically drawn from data provided provided the data, but may drawn from and by data.
P2 2
provided. contain some gaps bounded by the data /10
in logic or data or provided with no
are overly broad. gaps in logic.
Report Quality Word usage is The report is The report has The report is written The report is written
Grammar, word usage and frequently written is not well several grammar in complete in complete sentences
organization facilitate the confused or written and contains and spelling sentences and (except materials
reader’s understanding of incorrect. many errors in mistakes, and many contains no personal section) and contains
the paper. spelling, grammar, sentence fragments. pronouns. Most of no personal P2 1 /5
and sentence the grammar and pronouns. Grammar
structure spelling are correct. and spelling are
correct.

Total
Mark: 2/100
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND (BOD) AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2018

STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not accept or

provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.

1) Group Leader __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

2) Group Member 1 ___________________________________ (Signature)

Name : ___________________________________
Matrix No : ___________________________________

3) Group Member 2 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

4) Group Member 3 __________________________________ (Signature)

Name : __________________________________
Matrix No. : __________________________________

3
 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND (BOD) AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2018

1.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To understand the concept of chemical oxygen demand in a given
water/wastewater sample.
b) To determine the organic oxidize able matters content of water samples.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this course students are able to:
a) To evaluate the water quality status at the location of water or wastewater
sampling point.
b) Describe the importance of COD in the environmental studies.
c) Identify problems and use their generic skill to solve problems.
d) Develop their ability to work in group.

3.0 INTRODUCTION
3.1 The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is the amount of oxygen consumed to
completely chemically oxidize the organic water constituents to inorganic end
products. COD is an important, rapidly measured variable for the approximate
determination of the organic matter content of water samples. Some water
samples may contain substances that are difficult to oxidize. In these cases,
because of incomplete oxidation under the given test methods, COD values
may be a poor measure of the theoretical oxygen demand. It should also be
noted that the significance of the COD value depends on the composition of the
water studied.

3.2 COD used as a measurement of pollutants in natural and waste waters to

assess the strength of discharged waste such as sewage and industrial effluent
waters. It is normally measured in both municipal and industrial wastewater
treatment plants and gives an indication of the efficiency of the treatment
process. Oxidation of most organic compounds is 95 – 100% the theoretical
value.

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND (BOD) AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2018

4.0 INSTRUMENTS /APPARATUS / CHEMICAL / REAGENTS

4.1 Chemicals / Reagents
a) Deionized water

4.2 Apparatus /Instruments

a) Beaker
b) Pipette
c) Magnetic stir plate
d) COD vials
e) HACH DRB200 Reactor
f) HACH DR6000 Reactor

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 Digestion Procedure

1. To improve accuracy and reproducibility of the other ranges, pour the sample
into a 250-mL beaker and gently stir with a magnetic stir plate.
2. Turn on the DRB200 Reactor. Preheat to 150 °C.
3. Remove the caps from two COD Digestion Reagent Vials. (Be sure to use
vials for the appropriate range.)
4. Prepared Sample: Hold one vial at a 45-degree angle. Use a clean
volumetric pipet to add 2.00 mL of sample to the vial.
5. Blank Preparation: Hold a second vial at a 45-degree angle. Use a clean
volumetric pipet to add 2.00 mL of deionized water to the vial.
6. Cap the vials tightly. Rinse them with water and wipe with a clean paper
towel.
7. Hold the vials by the cap over a sink. Invert gently several times to mix. Insert
the vials in the preheated DRB200 Reactor. Close the protective lid.
Note: The sample vials will become very hot during mixing.
8. Heat the vials for two hours.
9. Turn the reactor off. Wait about 20 minutes for the vials to cool to 120 °C or
less.

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND (BOD) AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2018

10. Invert each vial several times while still warm. Place the vials into a rack and
cool to room temperature.

5.2 Colorimetric Determination

1. Turn on Hach DR4000.
2. Select the COD ultra-low range (431), low range (430), or high range (435)
test.
3. Clean the outside of the vials with a damp towel followed by a dry one.
4. Insert the blank into the 16-mm cell holder.
5. Press ZERO. The display will show: 0.0 mg/L COD.
6. Insert the sample vial into the 16-mm cell holder. Results are in mg/L COD.

6.0 RESULTS & CALCULATIONS

Table 1: COD concentration of samples

COD concentration of samples (Reactor Digestion Method), mg/L COD
Blank Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

7.0 ANALYSIS
Please analyze the data and results obtained in this experiment

8.0 DISCUSSIONS
Discuss your results both on the basis of any theory presented and on their relevance
to practical applications and current industrial practise. Comment on the variation of your
results and compare them with the recommended standard values from the Department
of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment or other international
organization such as EPA, WHO, EC, etc.

9.0 ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. Why is it important to determine COD value in wastewater treatment?

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 FACULTY : ENGINEERING
EDITION: 02
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: EFFECTIVE DATE: SEPT. 2016
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND (BOD) AMENDMENT DATE: AUG. 2018

10.0 CONCLUSION
Conclusion is merely a summary, presented in a logical order, of the important findings
already reported in the discussion section. It also relates to the objectives stated earlier.

Prepared by/Disediakan oleh : Approved by/Disahkan oleh :

Signature/Tandatangan : Signature/Tandatangan :

Name/Nama : DR. HASNIDA HARUN Name/Nama : ASSOC. PROF. DR. SURAYA

Date/Tarikh : FEB. 2018 HANI BT. ADNAN
Date/Tarikh : FEB. 2018