CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW

GENERAL BIOLOGY

The lecturer: Dra. Martina Asiati Napitupulu, M. Sc

Environmental Biology Course

Submitted by:

Name : Dinda Anggita Maysarah

NIM : 4183141061

Study Program : Bilingual Biology Education 2018

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE

THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2018
 PREFACE

First of all, I want to express my thanks to Allah SWT, because of His bless and grace, I can
finish this paper. This paper titled “General Biology”. The writer rote it to fulfill the assignment
from Mrs. Dra. Martina Asiati Napitupulu, M.Sc to Critical Book Review subject, I also thanks
to her for all the guidance to complete it.

In completing this paper, I faced many problems, but with the help of many people, all the
problems could be passed. May Allah give the blessing for them. It provides the intrinsic
elements in the happy prince short story with detail explanation. Although this paper has many
deficiencies in the arrangement and explanation, I hope that can be used as a reference for the
reader to understand the intrinsic elements of a short story

Finally the writer expects that it can be a medium for the reader to deepen the knowledge about
the figure of speech and its application

Medan, oktober 8th,2018

Dinda Anggita Maysarah

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE……………………………………………………………………………………….i

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………ii

CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY…………………………………………………………………1

CHAPTER II SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………..2

CHAPTER III DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………….9

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………..11

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 CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1. The title of book :

General Biology
2. The autor :
Masdiana Sinambela, dkk.
3. Where the book was published:
The State University of Medan
4. The date that particular edition was published :
Agustus 2018
5. The total number of book pages :
181 pages.
6. What was the author’s purpose in writing the book? :
This book purposes to get a thorough understanding of the situation that relates to oneself
and the environment of the students of FMIPA Unimed, so that they are skillful in using
their knowledge and can form positive attitudes / characters that care for their
environment.
7. Did she state her purpose explicitly or did you have to infer it?
The author writes his purpose in general, which is explicitly so that students get a
comprehensive understanding of situations related to themselves and their environment,
but in certain chapters the writer also has implicit goals that require the students' skills to
seek the goals requested by the author.
8. The purpose for writing the book is usually the thesis or argument of the work.
What is it?
The purpose of the book is usually the thesis or argument of the work. The thesis is
statement or theory that is put forward a a premise to be maintained or poved.

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 CHAPTER II
SUMMARY

A. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER I
THE ROLE OF BIOLOGY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Industry development from year to year is increasing rapidly, which aims
to fulfill human rights and welfare. The discovery continues to be made by
humans, with the hope that every human being can feel the effort and effort that
has been done in fulfilling human needs, so that humans can enjoy a prosperous
life
Biology can develop with scientific problem solving based on scientific
methods. Humans use steps, namely: (1) observing the existence of problems, (2)
formulating problems, (3) formulating hypotheses in relation to the answers to
problems (4) designing experiments to solve problems, (5) data collection and
data analysis, and (6) draw conclusions, so that new theories or verification of
existing theories are formed.

B. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER II
BIONUTRITION FOR FEED AND FOOD
Food is an important thing that must be met by all living things. The
available foodstuffs can be macronutrient and micronutrient. Micronutrients are
usually measured in micrograms or milligrams, whereas macronutrients are
usually measured in grams. This shows that macronutrients are more needed by
the body compared to micronutrients.
Balanced nutritional tumpeng is designed to help everyone choose the
right type and quantity of food, according to various needs according to age and
according to the situation, balanced nutritional tumpeng demonstrates 4 balanced
nutrition principles, namely: (1) a variety of foods as needed, (2) cleanliness, (3)
physical activity, (4) monitor ideal body weight. Diseases caused by food can be
divided into two groups based on the nature of the transmission, namely: (1)
infectious diseases and (2) food poisoning.
Feed functions as the construction and maintenance of the body, the source
of energy production, and the regulator of processes - processes in the body. The

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 content of nutrients that must be present in feed are proteins, fats, carbohydrates,
vitamin minerals and water.

C. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER III

HEALTH AND RISK

WHO identifies 10 factors that influence global health risks that cause
illness and death, namely: (1) underweight in childhood and pregnant women, (2)
overweight and obesity, (3) unprotected sex , (4) high blood pressure, (5)
cigarettes, (6) alcohol, (7) unprotected sanitation and cleanliness, (8) high
cholesterol, (9) indoor smoke from fuel, and (10) deficiencies iron. Disruption of
cleanliness is influenced by lifestyle and eating patterns that are irregular, so the
transportation system is disrupted by the blood so that it affects the work of the
heart, characterized by the emergence of heart disease.
The transport system in the body of living things is the transfer of
substances from one place in the body to another. Cells require the supply of
chemicals such as glucose and oxygen for cellular respiration activities. Cell
respiration supplies energy for reaction needs - other reactions needed to live and
produce toxic waste materials such as carbon dioxide, so that it must be removed
from the cell and body so that toxic substances do not damage the body. diffusion
due to the concentration gradient while the transport system in high-level
organisms consists of billions of cells and is arranged into special tissues and
organs.

D. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER IV
REGULATION
Modern biotechnology has great potential to improve the lives and welfare
of humanity in the agriculture, food, industry, human health and environment
sectors. Security review of genetically engineered food products, namely (1)
security, nutritional products, (2) genetic engineering products and biotechnology
and (3) security of genetically engineered food products.
The regulation of food safety of genetic engineering products is (1) the
safety of genetically engineered products according to the International Law on
convention on biological diversity (2) protocols of state protocols on Biosafety
and (3) the security of genetically engineered food products in Indonesia.

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E. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER V
BIOENERGETICS
Biochemistry is a branch of the study of living things. Energy is needed by
every living thing. Metabolism is a transformation of energy using chemical
reactions. Metabolism can also be interpreted as all chemical reactions that occur
in the body of living things. Metabolism is divided into 2 types, namely:
catabolism which is a reaction to the breakdown of complex chemical compounds
that contain high energy into simple compounds containing lower energy, and
anabolism which is an event of changing simple compounds into more complex
compounds.
Reactions that can take place and always produce free energy are called
exergonic reactions, whereas reactions that require free energy are endergonic
reactions, reactions like this cannot stand alone. This first rule is the law of energy
storage which means that the total energy of a system, including the surrounding
energy is constant. The second rule says that the total entropy of a system must
increase if the process wants to take place spontaneously.

F. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER VI
BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
Indonesia is one of the centers of world biodiversity. In this case the
Indonesian earth is occupied by a variety of flora, fauna and microorganisms.
Biodiveristas that are so rich will become the basic raw material for the survival
of humans, not only for the Indonesian people but also for other nations that exist
on this earth. Flora, fauna and microorganisms owned by Indonesia can be used
for biopics, biopap, biofuel, biopharmaceuticals, biotechnology, biomaterials,
bioenergy, bioparawisata and so on. The use of the unwise of biodiversity in
meeting the needs of human life or in supporting development will cause human
needs or even support development will cause a biodiversity crisis. In connection
with that biodiversity should not be used beyond its reproductive capacity. The
decline or degradation of biodeversity in various habitats can be caused by
various activities carried out by humans, such as forest clearing for industrial,
mining and housing purposes. Fish cultivation activities in water bodies can also
cause quality degradation of the water body. Therefore, let us become people who

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 care about the environment so that the degradation of environmental quality can
be minimized.

G. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER VII

BIOREPRODUCTION AND INNOVATION OF REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNOLOGY
The process of forming new individuals is called the reproductive process,
in the male genitals there are two reproductive functions namely the function of
the production of gametes (spema) and the release of these gametes into the
female genital tract. While the reproductive system functions of women not only
produce eggs but also receive sperm, prepare conditions suitable for fertilization
and provide baby food that is developing before and after birth.
Contraception is an attempt to avoid / prevent pregnancy due to meeting
mature eggs with the sperm cells.Sexually transmitted diseases or better known as
venereal diseases that transmit infection through sexual intercourse carried out by
one infected partner.
Reproductive technology is a human effort to breed animals or grow in
several ways that are expected to overcome problems in breeding. Some
innovations in reproductive technology include: artificial insemination, cloning,
tissue culture, hydroponics, and verticulture.

H. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER VIII

BIOINDUSTRDY
Bioindustry is one part of biotechnology that applies microorganisms and
enzymes on a large scale (industry) that takes into account economic studies and
the profit and loss of a production process. In developed countries bioindustry
companies have used many principles of energy generation, environmental
cleansing, bioremediation, food production that use the principles of genetic
engineering. Resources that must be considered in the bio industry are: (1) men,
(2) money, (3) materials, (4) methods, (5) machines, and (6) markets.
Biocontrol fungi are known as yarn fungi, which can biologically inhibit
the growth of plant, parasite or insecta pathogens. The development of this fungus
aims to minimize the use of synthetic chemical pesticides which often have a

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 negative impact on the environment and its health. Fungi that can be used as
biocontrol must have several criteria, including: (1) the fungi are not pathogenic,
(2) fungi must be resistant to the remaining pesticide residues, and (3) fungi that
can reduce mosquito populations and protect animals and humans from various
diseases.

I. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER IX
BIO-ENGINEERING
Bio-engineering is an interdisciplinary biological science and a technique
applied in biosystem-based engineering to improve the efficiency of the function
and benefits of biosystems for bio-industry. People who are experts in the field of
biological engineering are called bio-engineers. One of the important bioproducts
in Indonesia is the production of biofuels as an effort to utilize alternative energy.
The history of biological engineering began before World War II, where
after World War II, this branch of science began to grow faster due to the term
"biotechnology" created by British scientist and radio announcer Heinz Wolff in
1954 at the British National Institute for Medical Research. The first biological
engineering study program was made at the University of California, San Diego
in 1966, and became the first curriculum in the United States.
The fourth generation industrial revolution (4.0) marked the presence of
super computer technology, smart robots, driverless vehicles, genetic engineering,
and the development of neorotechnology that enabled humans to optimize their
brain function.
At present, Singapore has a bio-engineering development center named
Biopolis to develop medicines and in Malaysia Bio Valley is established which
focuses on the development of palm oil and rubber, in addition to developed
countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany, Australia has sold new
products with patents from the results of biotechnology and genetic engineering,
such as antibiotics, medicines, cosmetics, food ingredients and GMO plants and
so on.

J. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER X
BIOINFORMATION
The industrial revolution is a rapid change in the economic field, namely
the activities of the agrarian economy in the industrial economy that uses

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 machinery to process raw materials into ready-made materials, the characteristics
of revolutionary revolution, among them (1) turnaround in the industrial world
which originally only used hand work and then changed using machine work, (b)
the occurrence of a traditional system shift or a domestic system into a factory
system in the industrial world so that the industry's results are increasing, and (c)
the start of phenomenal discoveries in the industry that make the industrial world
increasingly developing.
The existence of the European Union's rejection of CPO in Indonesia is
due to: (a) forest reduction (desforestation), and (b) human rights violations with
the exploitation of child labor in oil palm plantations. Management of export
products according to industry revolution 4.0, namely: (1) certification of
sustainable palm oil (SPO), (2) standard certification of hazard analysis and
critical control points (HACCP), and (3) code of conduct for responsible fisheries
( CCRF).

K. SUMMARY OF CHAPTER XI

ADAPTATION, EVOLUTION, VARIATION AND DIVERSITY

Living things adapt to survive. Adaptability is usually due to natural

selection which requires living things to adapt to new environmental conditions.
Evolution means the process of changing inherited traits in a population of
organisms from one generation to the next within a certain period of time. In
evolution that is the basis for the occurrence of genes inherited from the
descendants of a living creature.Variations are things that refer to genetic events
that cause individuals or groups of certain species to have different characteristics
from one another. Species diversity as presently is thought to be the result of an
evolution of the species that existed in the past. Evolution is more precisely the
result of genetic changes that are influenced by environmental factors around it.

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 CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

This book is titled General Biology written by Masdiana sinambela, et al. This
book aims to get a thorough understanding of the situation related to oneself and the
environment FMIPA Unimed students, so that they are skillful in using their knowledge
and can shape attitudes / characters that are positive and caring for their environment
The best chapter in this book in my opinion is chapter III which discusses health
and the risks because in this chapter the author makes indicators that are in accordance
with the contents of the chapter, where in this chapter there are 5 other indicators: (1)
understanding the importance of lifestyle and regular diet, (2) explaining the importance
of water in the transport system in the life of living things, (3) explaining the heart cycle
and the relationship between structure and function of the heart, (4) explaining food and
health relationships, and (5) explaining factors - factors that can increase the risk of
developing cardiovascular diseases. In the contents of this chapter, besides being able to
be used as a learning medium for a student, this chapter can also be applied in everyday
life, such as how we know the ideal body weight, how to find out how much energy
needs in humans in the age, the level category blood pressure at the age of 18 years and
above and many more. Things - these things are very beneficial for the reader in their
teens and adults.
The worst chapter in my opinion is chapter V which discusses Bioenergitika
because in this chapter the indicators given are not in accordance with the content
presented, where in this chapter the writer should present the energy cycle (bioenergitika)
in cells, the essence of thermodynamics of ATP work as a device energy, describes the
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) cycle, the process of transferring phosphate (ATP) with an
enzyme intermediate and the stages of energy formation from food ingredients, but when
the contents of this chapter are read, there are no items in the indicator. It should also be
in the division of metabolism, namely catabolism and anabolism, explained how the
process of catabolism and anabolism in living creatures is not just explaining the general
meaning. Besides that in this chapter the discussion is too simple and less complex which
results in lack of understanding of students and other readers who read it, the authors

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should explain the bioenergitics as well as possible and must pay attention to the
indicators properly so that a good chapter is created.

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 CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION

Book of General Biology by Masdiana Sinambela, et al. is a good book because

of the 11 chapters presented 8 of which are good chapters where the contents of the
chapter are in accordance with the indicators made by the author and can be understood
by students as learning media in this General Biology course and 3 chapters that are
categorized as poor Chapter I concerning the role of biology in the development of
science and technology, this chapter is categorized as not good because there are some
mistakes that occurred, including the beginning of this chapter stating that there are 20
science scientists who influence the world, but the exposure of the scientist is only 14
people, besides in the discussion of this scientist, more discuss about the biography and
photo of a scientist, not the discovery of what has been discovered or developed. In
addition, chapter V on Bioenergitics is also not good, where in this chapter the indicators
made by the author have nothing to do with the discussion presented in the chapter, but
the discussion is too short causing the contents of the chapter to be uncomplicated. And
the last chapter that I consider unfavorable is chapter X on bioinformation, because of the
incompatibility of the title and content presented by the author, the author gives the title
bioinformation but the discussion presented is about the industrial revolution, it should be
explained in advance in the discussion what is meant by bioinformation to make it more
understood by students as learning media.

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