BOUNDARY CONDITION OF MINING SUPPORT

Dragan Ignjatović1, Lidija Đurđevac Ignjatović1, Daniela Urošević1, Dušan Tašić1

1
Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Zeleni bulevar 35, 19210 Bor, Serbia

Abstract
Under the boundary condition of mining supports is meant the stress state in which it loses its
functionality, ie. it doesn’t meet the requirements of exploitation. In this paper is presented
calculations of metallic elements units for capacity support.

Keywords: limit state, metal support units, exploitation demands

1. INTRODUCTION
There are two groups of border states, which are adopted:
1. Carrying capacity of the subgrade;
The minig support calculation, according to the first group of boundary states, is carried out
on the calculation load, taking into account the calculation of the material's resistance and
aims to prevent the loss of stability of the structure, and therefore the demolition of the
support.
2. Technological functionality
The calculation of the support by the second group of boundary states is carried out on the
normative load taking into account the normative resistance of the material and it aims to
avoid the occurrence of excessive deformation and displacement of the structure, thus
ensuring cracking stability and limiting the width of the open cracks.
The computational boundary condition of the subgrade is selected in cooperation with the
exploitation, technological and techno-economic requirements.
The boundary state of the cross section of the support corresponds to the transition from one
state to another and quantifies the limit values of the internal forces, which the cross-section
of the sub-base accepts at one or the other intermediate stage. In addition, the limit value of
the internal forces is related to certain dependencies on the basis of which the material of the
beam, the shape and the dimensions of the section are chosen.
We must always have in mind the knowledge acquired through the experience that the
occurrence of a boundary state in one or several sections does not always lead to the
exploitative exhaustion of the subgrade. Thus the appearance of cracks in a cross-section of
the backing and artificial plasticity extends the lifetime of the support.
_________________________
*
This paper is the result of the Project No. TR33021 „Research and Monitoring the Changes of the Stress
Strain State in the Rock Mass „In-Situ“ around the Underground Rooms with Development of models with
special reference to the tunnel of the Krivelj River and Pit Bor“, funded by the Ministry of education, science
and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.
The calculation of the boundary state of the support depends on a number of factors, such as:
the demand of the underground space, time of its duration, the degree of capital, etc. The
starting point is that the maximum load that a support can receive corresponds to the first
boundary state and determines its carrying capacity. For a subframe where we do not allow
the appearance of cracks or whose radial displacement is limited the computational boundary
state precedes the appearance of the first boundary state.
The first boundary state of the support as a rule is preceded by a boundary state occurrence in
one or several sections of its cross section, and it is therefore necessary to determine the
qualitative criterion for determining the boundary state of the cross section and the
corresponding transition from one stage of the work of the subgrade to another, and also to
include those changes in the calculation scheme changing with the occurrence of these
boundary states.

2. BOUNDARY CONDITION OF THE METAL ARCH CROSS-SECTION

SUPPORT
The determination of the plastic torque resistance of the cross-section of the metal arch is
done according to the idealized Prandtl diagram

Mpl = σT ∙ Wpl (1)

A neutral line with a solid plastic bending divides the sections into two equal parts

2 ∙ [𝑏1 ℎ1 + 𝑏2 (𝑦𝑝𝑙 − ℎ1 )] = 0,5𝐹 (2)

[0,25𝐹 − ℎ1 (𝑏1 − 𝑏2 )]
𝑦𝑝𝑙 = (3)
𝑏2

where is F [m2] profile cross section.

The plastic resistance moment Wpl is equal to the sum of the static moments of the pressed
and tightened cross section

Wpl = Sp + Sz (4)

Starting from expression (4), the term for the plastic moment of the cross-sectional profile for
the profile according to the scheme has the form:
2
ℎ1 (𝑦𝑝𝑙 − ℎ1 )
𝑊𝑝𝑙 = −𝐹(𝑦𝑝𝑙 − 𝑦) + 4 [𝑏2 ℎ1 (𝑦𝑝𝑙 − ) + 𝑏2 ] (5)
2 2

In the joint action of the bending moment and the longitudinal force, the size of the torque is
related to the size of the longitudinal force with a certain dependence and in the general form
it has the following expression:
 𝑀𝑁 = 𝑀𝑝𝑙 − ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑝𝑙 (6)

where is:
- MN – the boundary bending moment in cross section is determined by taking into
account the longitudinal forces N,
- ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑝𝑙 – the boundary moment of the bending of the central part of the section caused by
the longitudinal force.
The cross-sectional area of that part F is determined from the following relation:

𝑁 𝐹̅ 𝑁 𝑁
= ⟹ 𝐹̅ = 𝐹 ⟹ 𝐹̅ = (7)
𝜎𝑇 𝐹 𝐹 𝜎𝑇 𝐹 𝜎𝑇

where F is surface of the entire cross-section.

Starting from (6) it turns out:

𝑎 ∙ 𝑁2
𝑀𝑁 = 𝜎𝑇 ∙ 𝑊𝑝𝑙 − (8)
𝜎𝑇

where a is coefficient that depends on the shape and dimensions of the section.

3. CONCLUSION
As it is already mentioned, the condition of the support and its functionality, ie the
satisfaction of exploitation requirements, is of great importance for the normal operation of
mines with underground exploitation. For this reason it is important to determine its limit
stress condition, ie the stress state of the metal elements of the support, in order to prevent the
loss of its stability, and therefore the demolition of the same. It is also important to take into
account the normative resistance of the materials which aim to prevent the occurrence of
excessive deformation and displacement of the structures, and thus ensure cracking stability
and limitation of the open fracture width.

LITERATURA

[1] Barnes, G. E.: Soil Mechanics, Macmillan Press LTD, London, 1995
[2] Bishop, A. W. And Bjerrum, L. The relevance of the triaxial test to the solution of
stability problems, Research Confrence on Shear strength of cohesive soils, Boulder,
Colorado , 1960
[3] M. Ljubojev, R. Popović: Osnove geomehanike, Bor, 2006.
[4] R. Popović, M. Ljubojev: Princip rešavanja problema u geomehanici, Bor, 2007.
[5] M. Ljubojev, R. Popović, D. Rakić: Razvoj dinamičkih pojava u stenskoj masi, Rudarski
radovi, Bor, 1/2011.