Nakshatra - Wikipoedia

Nakshatra - Wikipedia
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Nakshatra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Ashlesha" redirects here. For the star, see Epsilon Hydrae.

For the 2017 film, see Nakshatram (film).
See also: List of Nakshatras
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Nakshatras
Ashvinī
Bharanī
Kṛttikā
Rohinī
Mrigashīra
Ārdrā
Punarvasu
Pushya
Ashlesha (nakshatra)
Maghā
Pūrva Phalgunī (Pubbha)
Uttara Phalgunī (Uttara)
Hasta
Chitrā (Spica)
Svātī (Arcturus)
Vishākhā
Anurādhā
Jyeshtha
Mūla
Pūrva Ashādhā
Uttara Ashādhā
Shravana
Dhanistha
Shatabhisha
Pūrva Bhādrapadā
Uttara Bhādrapadā
Revatī
Abhijit
v
t
e
Nakshatra (Sanskrit: नकत, IAST: Nakṣatra) is the term for lunar mansion in
Hindu astrology and Indian Astronomy. A nakshatra is one of 28 (sometimes also
27) sectors along the ecliptic. Their names are related to a prominent star or
asterisms in or near the respective sectors.
The starting point for the nakshatras according to Vedas is "Krittika" (it has
been argued because the Pleiades may have started the year at the time the Vedas
were compiled, presumably at the vernal equinox), but, in more recent
compilations, the start of the nakshatras list is the point on the ecliptic
directly opposite to the star Spica called Chitrā in Sanskrit, which would be
Ashvinī, an asterism that is part of the constellation Aries, and these
compilations therefore may have been compiled during the centuries when the sun
was passing through the area of the constellation Aries at the time of the
vernal equinox. This version may have been called Meshādi or the "start of
Aries".[1][better source needed]
The first astronomical text that lists them is the Vedanga Jyotisha.[2][better
source needed]
In classical Hindu scriptures (Mahabharata, Harivamsa), the creation of the

nakshatras is attributed to Daksha. They are personified as daughters of Daksha
and as wives of Chandra known as the Moon God (who reluctantly married the 26
other nakshatra's on Daksha's request even though he was only interested to
marry Rohini), or alternatively the daughters of Kashyapa, the brother of
Daksha.
Contents
1 In the Atharvaveda
2 List of Nakshatras
3 Padas (quarters)
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
In the Atharvaveda[edit]
In the Atharvaveda (Shaunakiya recension, hymn 19.7) a list of 28 stars or

asterisms is given, many of them corresponding to the later nakshatras:[3]
Kṛttikā (the Pleiades)

Rohinī (Aldebaran)
Mrigashīrsha
Ārdrā (Betelgeuse)
Punarvasu
Pushya
Asleshā
Maghā (Regulus)
Purva phalguni
Uttara phalguni (Denebola)
Hasta
Chitrā (Spica)
Svāti (Arcturus)
Vishākhā
Anurādhā
Jyeshthā
Mūla
Purva ashadha
Uttara ashadha
Shravana
Dhanishta
Satabhishak (Sadachbia)
Purva bhadrapada
Uttara bhadrapada
Revati
Ashvini
Bharani
This 27-day time cycle has been taken to mean a particular group of stars. The
relationship to the stars really has to do with the periodicity with which the
Moon travels over time and through space past the field of the specific stars
called nakshatras. Hence, the stars are more like numbers on a clock through
which the hands of time pass (the moon).
List of Nakshatras[edit]
The classical list of 27 nakshatras is first found in the Vedanga Jyotisha, a

text dated to the 2347 BCE. The nakshatra system predates the Hellenistic
astronomy which became prevalent from about the 2nd century CE.
In Hindu astronomy, there was an older tradition of 28 Nakshatras which were

used as celestial markers in the heavens. When these were mapped into equal
divisions of the ecliptic, a division of 27 portions was adopted since that
resulted in a cleaner definition of each portion (i.e. segment) subtending 13°
20′ (as opposed to 12° 51 3⁄7′ in the case of 28 segments). In the process, the
Nakshatra Abhijit was left out without a portion.[4]:179 The Surya Siddhantha
concisely specifies the coordinates of the twenty seven Nakshatras.[4]:211
It is noted above that with the older tradition of 28 Nakshatras each equal
segment would subtend 12.85 degrees or 12° 51′. But the 28 Nakshatra were chosen
at a time when the Vedic month was recognised as having exactly 30 days. In
India and China the original 28 lunar mansions were not equal. Weixing Nui
provides a list of the extent of the original 28 Nakshatras expressed in
Muhurtas (with one Muhurta = 48 minutes of arc). Hindu texts note there were 16
Nakshatras of 30 Muhurtas, 6 of 45 Muhurtas, 5 of 15 Muhurtas and one of 6
Muhurtas.
The 28 mansions of the 360° lunar zodiac total 831 Muhurtas or 27.7 days. This
is sometimes described as an inaccurate estimate of our modern sidereal period
of 27.3 days, but using the ancient Indian calendar with Vedic months of 30 days
and a daily movement of the Moon of 13 degrees, this early designation of a
sidereal month of 831 Muhurtas or 27.7 days is very precise.[a][5] Later some
Indian savants dropped the Nakshatra named Abhijit to reduce the number of
divisions to 27, but the Chinese retained all of their original 28 lunar
mansions. These were grouped into four equal quarters which would have been
fundamentally disrupted if it had been decided to reduce the number of divisions
to 27.
Irrespective of the reason why ancient early Indian astronomers followed a Vedic
calendar of exactly 12 months of 30 days it was this calendar and not a modern
calendar of 365 days that they used for the astronomical calculations for the
number of days taken for the Moon to complete one sidereal cycle of 360°. This
is why initially they named 28 Nakshatras on their lunar zodiac.[6]
The following list of nakshatras gives the corresponding regions of sky, per
Basham (1954).[7]
No.
Name
Associated stars
Description
Image
1 Ashwini
β and γ Arietis Astrological Mate: Ketu (South lunar node)
Symbol: Horse’s head
Rigvedic name: Ashwins, the horse-headed twins who are physicians to the
gods
Indian zodiac: 0° – 13°20′ Mesha
Western zodiac: 26° Aries – 9°20′ Taurus
2 Bharani
"the bearer" 35, 39, and 41 Arietis Astrological Mate: Shukra (Venus)
Symbol: Yoni, the female organ of reproduction
Rigvedic name: Yama, god of death or Dharma
Indian zodiac: 13° 20′ – 26°40′ Mesha
Western zodiac: 9° 20′ – 22° 40′ Taurus
3 Krittika
an old name of the Pleiades; personified as the nurses of Kārttikeya, a
son of Shiva. Pleiades Astrological Mate: Surya (Sun)
Symbol: Knife or spear
Rigvedic name: Agni, god of fire
Indian zodiac: 26°40′ Mesha – 10° Vrishabha
Western zodiac: 22° 40′ Taurus – 6° Gemini
4 Rohini
"the red one", a name of Aldebaran. Also known as brāhmī Aldebaran
Astrological Mate: Chandra (Moon)
Symbol: Cart or chariot, temple, banyan tree
Rigvedic name: Prajapati, the Creator
Indian zodiac: 10° – 23°20′ Vrishabha
Western zodiac: 6° – 19°20′ Gemini
5 Mrigashīra
"the deer's head". Also known as āgrahāyaṇī λ, φ Orionis Astrological
Mate: Mangala (Mars)
Symbol: Deer’s head
Rigvedic name: Soma, Chandra, the Moon god
Indian zodiac: 23° 20′ Vrishabha – 6° 40′ Mithuna
Western zodiac: 19° 20′ Gemini – 2° 40′ Cancer
6 Ardra
"the moist one" Betelgeuse Astrological Mate: Rahu (North lunar node)
Symbol: Teardrop, diamond, a human head
Rigvedic name: Rudra, the storm god
Indian zodiac: 6° 40′ – 20° Mithuna
Western zodiac: 2° 40′ – 16° Cancer
7 Punarvasu (dual)
"the two restorers of goods", also known as yamakau "the two chariots"
Castor and Pollux Astrological Mate: Guru (Jupiter)
Symbol : Bow and quiver
Rigvedic name: Aditi, mother of the gods
Indian zodiac: 20° Mithuna – 3°20′ Karka
Western zodiac: 16° – 29°20′ Cancer
8 Pushya/Tishya
"the nourisher", also known as sidhya or tiṣya γ, δ and θ Cancri
Astrological Mate: Shani (Saturn)
Symbol: Cow's udder, lotus, arrow and circle
Rigvedic name: Bṛhaspati, priest of the gods
Indian zodiac: 3° 20′ – 16° 40′ Karka
Western zodiac: 29° 20′ Cancer – 12° 40′ Leo
9 Ashleshā
"the embrace" δ, ε, η, ρ, and σ Hydrae Astrological Mate: Budha
(Mercury)
Symbol: Serpent
Rigvedic name: Sarpas or Nagas, deified snakes
Indian zodiac: 16° 40′ – 30° Karka
Western zodiac: 12° 40′ – 26° Leo
10 Maghā
"the bountiful" Regulus Astrological Mate: Ketu (South lunar node)
Symbol: Royal Throne
Rigvedic name: Pitrs, 'The Fathers', family ancestors
Indian zodiac: 0° – 13° 20′ Simha
Western zodiac: 26° Leo – 9° 20′ Virgo
11 Pūrva Phalgunī
"first reddish one" δ and θ Leonis Astrological Mate: Shukra (Venus)
Symbol: Front legs of bed, hammock, fig tree
Rigvedic name: Aryaman, god of patronage and favours
Indian zodiac: 13° 20′ – 26°40′ Simha
Western zodiac: 9° 20′ – 22°40′ Virgo
12 Uttara Phalgunī
"second reddish one" Denebola Astrological Mate: Surya (Sun)
Symbol: Four legs of bed, hammock
Rigvedic name: Bhaga, god of marital bliss and prosperity
Indian zodiac: 26° 40′ Simha- 10° Kanya
Western zodiac: 22° 40′ Virgo – 6° Libra
13 Hasta
"the hand" α, β, γ, δ and ε Corvi Astrological Mate: Chandra (Moon)
Symbol: Hand or fist
Rigvedic name: Savitr, the Sun god
Indian zodiac: 10° – 23° 20′ Kanya
Western zodiac: 6° – 19° 20′ Libra
14 Chitra
"the bright one", a name of Spica Spica Astrological Mate: Mangala
(Mars)
Symbol: Bright jewel or pearl
Rigvedic name: Tvastar, Vishwakarma
Indian zodiac: 23° 20′ Kanya – 6° 40′ Tula
Western zodiac: 19° 20′ Libra – 2° 40′ Scorpio
15 Swāti
"Su-Ati (sanskrit) Very good" name of Arcturus Arcturus Astrological
Mate: Rahu (North lunar node)
Symbol: Shoot of plant, coral
Rigvedic name: Vayu, the Wind god
Indian zodiac: 6° 40′ – 20° Tula
Western zodiac: 2° 40′ – 16° Scorpio
16 Visakha
"forked, having branches"; also known as rādhā "the gift" α, β, γ and ι
Librae Astrological Mate: Guru (Jupiter)
Symbol: Triumphal arch, potter's wheel
Rigvedic name: Indra, chief of the gods; Agni, god of Fire
Indian zodiac: 20° Tula – 3° 20′ Vrishchika
Western zodiac: 16° – 29° 20′ Scorpio
17 Anuradha
"following rādhā" β, δ and π Scorpionis Astrological Mate: Shani
(Saturn)
Symbol: Triumphal archway, lotus
Rigvedic name: Mitra, one of Adityas of friendship and partnership
Indian zodiac: 3° 20′ – 16° 40′ Vrishchika
Western zodiac: 29° 20′ Scorpio – 12° 40′ Sagittarius
18 Jyeshtha
"the eldest, most excellent" α, σ, and τ Scorpionis Astrological Mate:
Budha (Mercury)
Symbol: circular amulet, umbrella, earring
Rigvedic name: Indra, chief of the gods
Indian zodiac: 16° 40′ – 30° Vrishchika
Western zodiac: 12° 40′ – 26° Sagittarius
19 Mula
"the root" ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ and ν Scorpionis Astrological Mate:
Ketu (South lunar node)
Symbol: Bunch of roots tied together, elephant goad
Rigvedic name: Nirrti, peak of material achievement and the beginning of
the spiritual impulse
Indian zodiac: 0° – 13° 20′ Dhanus
Western zodiac: 26° Sagittarius – 9° 20′ Capricorn
20 Purva Ashadha
"first of the aṣāḍhā", aṣāḍhā "the invincible one" being the name of a
constellation δ and ε Sagittarii Astrological Mate: Shukra (Venus)
Symbol: Elephant tusk, fan, winnowing basket
Rigvedic name: Apah, god of Water
Indian zodiac: 13° 20′ – 26° 40′ Dhanus
Western zodiac: 9° 20′ – 22° 40′ Capricorn
21 Uttara Ashadha
"second of the aṣāḍhā" ζ and σ Sagittarii Astrological Mate: Surya (Sun)
Symbol: Elephant tusk, small bed
Rigvedic name: Visvedevas, universal gods
Indian zodiac: 26° 40′ Dhanus – 10° Makara
Western zodiac: 22° 40′ Capricorn – 6° Aquarius
22 Abhijit
ζ and σ Lyra Astrological Mate: Brahma
Indian zodiac: 6° 40′ Makara – 10° 53′ Makara
23 Shravana
α, β and γ Aquilae Astrological Mate: Chandra (Moon)
Symbol: Ear or Three Footprints
Rigvedic name: Vishnu, preserver of universe
Indian zodiac: 10° – 23° 20′ Makara
Western zodiac: 6° – 19° 20′ Aquarius
24 Dhanishta
"most famous", also Shravishthā "swiftest" α to δ Delphini Astrological
Mate: Mangala (Mars)
Symbol: Drum or flute
Rigvedic name: Eight vasus, deities of earthly abundance
Indian zodiac: 23° 20′ Makara – 6° 40′ Kumbha
Western zodiac 19° 20′ Aquarius – 2° 40′ Pisces
25 Shatabhisha
"Comprising a hundred physicians" Sadachbia Astrological Mate: Rahu
(North lunar node)
Symbol: Empty circle, 1,000 flowers or stars
Rigvedic name: Varuna, god of celestial waters
Indian zodiac: 6° 40′ – 20° Kumbha
Western zodiac: 2° 40′ – 16° Pisces
26 Purva Bhadrapada
"the first of the blessed feet" α and β Pegasi Astrological Mate: Guru
(Jupiter)
Symbol: Swords or two front legs of funeral cot, man with two faces
Rigvedic name: Ajaikapada, an ancient fire dragon
Indian zodiac: 20° Kumbha – 3° 20′ Meena
Western zodiac: 16° – 29° 20′ Pisces
27 Uttara Bhadrapada
"the second of the blessed feet" γ Pegasi and α Andromedae Astrological
Mate: Shani (Saturn)
Symbol: Twins, back legs of funeral cot, snake in the water
Rigvedic name: Ahir Budhyana, serpent or dragon of the deep
Indian zodiac: 3° 20′ – 16° 40′ Meena
Western zodiac: 29° 20′ Pisces – 12° 40′ Aries
28 Revati
"prosperous" ζ Piscium Astrological Mate: Budha (Mercury)
Symbol: Fish or a pair of fish, drum
Rigvedic name: Pushan, nourisher, the protective deity
Indian zodiac: 16° 40′ – 30° Meena
Western zodiac: 12° 40′ – 26° Aries
Padas (quarters)[edit]
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Each of the 27 Nakshatras cover 13° 20’ of the ecliptic each. Each Nakshatra is
also divided into quarters or padas of 3° 20’, and the below table lists the
appropriate starting sound to name the child. The 27 nakshatras, each with 4
padas, give 108, which is the number of beads in a japa mala, representing all
the elements (ansh) of Vishnu:
Name
Pada 1
Pada 2
Pada 3
Pada 4
Vimsottari Lord
Ruling Deity
1Aśvini (अशशशशन)चच Chu चच Che चच Cho लल LaKetuAswini Kumara

2Bharaṇī (भरणण)लण Li लल Lu लच Le लच LoVenusYama
3Kṛttikā (कक शतकल)अ A ई I उ U ए ESunAgni
4Rohiṇī (रचशहणण)ओ O शल Va/Ba शण Vi/Bi शच Vu/BuMoonBrahma
5Mṛgaśīrṣā(मकगशणरलर)शच Ve/Be शच Vo/Bo कल Ka कक KeMarsMoon
6Ārdrā (आरलर)कच Ku घ Gha ङ Ng/Na छ ChhaRahuShiva
7Punarvasu (पचनशरसच)कच Ke कच Ko हल Ha हण HiJupiterAditi
8Puṣya (पचषय)हह Hu हच He हच Ho ड DaSaturnJupiter
9Āśleṣā (आशलचरल)डण Di डल Du डच De डच DoMercuryRahu
10Maghā (मघल)मल Ma मण Mi मल Mu मच MeKetuPitr
11Pūrva or Pūrva Phālgunī (पलशर फललगचनण)नच Mo टल Ta टण Ti टल TuVenusBhaga
12Uttara or Uttara Phālgunī (उतर फललगचनण)टच Te टच To पल Pa पण PiSunSun
13Hasta (हसत)पल Pu र Sha ण Na ठ ThaMoonSavitr
14Chitrā (शचतल)पच Pe पच Po रल Ra रण RiMarsVishwakarma
15Svāti (सशलशत)र Ru रच Re रच Ro तल TaRahuVaayu
16Viśākhā (शशशलखल)तण Ti तल Tu तच Te तच ToJupiterIndra Agni
17Anurādhā (अनचरलधल)नल Na नण Ni नल Nu नच NeSaturnMitra
18Jyeṣṭhā (जयचषल)नच No यल Ya यण Yi यल YuMercuryIndra
19Mūla (मलल)यच Ye यच Yo भल Bha भण BhiKetuVaruna, Nirriti
20Pūrva Aṣāḍhā (पलशलररलढल)भल Bhu धल Dha फल Bha/Pha ढल DhaVenusApah
21Uttara Aṣāḍhā (उतरलरलढल)भच Bhe भच Bho जल Ja जण JiSunBrahma
22Śrāvaṇa (शलशण)खण Ju/Khi खल Je/Khu खच Jo/Khe खच Gha/KhoMoonVishnu
23Śrāviṣṭhā (शशशषल) or Dhaniṣṭhā (धशनषल)गल Ga गण Gi गच Gu गच GeMarsVasu
24Śatabhiṣā (शतशभरल)or Śatataraka गच Go सल Sa सण Si सल SuRahuVaruna
25Pūrva Bhādrapadā (पलशरभलरपदल)सच Se सच So दल Da दण DiJupiterAja Ek Pada
26Uttara Bhādrapadā (उतरभलरपदल)दल Du थ Tha झ Jha ञ
Da/TraSaturnAhirbudhanya
27Revati (रचशतण)दच De दच Do च Cha चण ChiMercuryPooshan
See also[edit]
Atmakaraka
Navagraha
Panchangam
Gandanta
Chinese constellations
Twenty-eight mansions
Decans (Egyptian)
Saptarishi
Notes[edit]
^ The exact figure should be nearer 27.692308 but 27.7 is near enough.
References[edit]
^ The Radiant Words of Love & Wisdom By Vashisht Vaid, 2012

^ "Nakshatras and Upanakshatras". vedanet.com. American Institute of Vedic
Studies. June 13, 2012. Archived from the original on March 22,
2015..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output
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^ trans. Ralph T. H. Griffith, Hymns of the Atharva Veda, 1895. Original text
via GRETIL Archived 2012-02-02 at the Wayback Machine from Gli inni dell’
Atharvaveda (Saunaka), trasliterazione a cura di Chatia Orlandi, Pisa 1991,
collated with the ed. R. Roth and W.D. Whitney: Atharva Veda Sanhita, Berlin
1856. citrāāṇi sākáṃ diví rocanāāni sarīsrrpāāṇi bhúvane javāāni | turmíśaṃ
sumatím ichámāno áhāni gīrbhíḥ saparyāmi nāākam
suhávam agne kŕrttikā róhiṇī cāāstu bhadráṃ mrrgáśiraḥ śám ārdrāā |
púnarvasū sūnŕrtā cāāru púṣyo bhānúr āśleṣāā áyanaṃ maghāā me
púṇyaṃ pūārvā phálgunyau cāātra hástaś citrāā śivāā svātí sukhó me astu |
rāādhe viśāākhe suhávānurādhāā jyéṣṭhā sunákṣatram áriṣṭa mūālam
ánnaṃ pūārvā rāsatāṃ me aṣādhāā ūārjaṃ devy úttarā āā vahantu | abhijín me
rāsatāṃ púṇyam evá śrávaṇaḥ śráviṣṭhāḥ kurvatāṃ supuṣṭím
āā me mahác chatábhiṣag várīya āā me dvayāā próṣṭhapadā suśárma | āā revátī
cāśvayújau bhágaṃ ma āā me rayíṃ bháraṇya āā vahantu
^ Jump up to: a b Burgess, Ebenezer (1858). Translation of the Surya

Siddhantha, a Textbook of Hindu Astronomy. The American Oriental Society.
^ Weixing, Nui; Xiaoyuan, Jiang. Astronomy in the Sutras translated into
Chinese.[full citation needed]
^ Jones, H. (September 2018). "The Origin of the 28 Naksatras in Early Indian
Astronomy and Astrology". Indian Journal of History of Science: 317–324.
^ Basham, Arthur Llewellyn (1954). "Appendix II: Astronomy". The Wonder that
was India. p. 490.
External links[edit]
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Hindu astrology
Nakshatras
Ashvinī
Bharanī
Kṛttikā
Rohinī
Mrigashīrsha
Ārdrā
Punarvasu
Pushya
Āshleshā
Maghā
Pūrva Phalgunī
Uttara Phalgunī
Hasta
Chitrā
Svātī
Vishākhā
Anurādhā
Jyeshtha
Mūla
Pūrva Ashādhā
Uttara Ashādhā
Shravana
Dhanishta
Shatabhisha
Pūrva Bhādrapadā
Uttara Bhādrapadā
Revatī
Rāśi
Meṣa
Vṛṣabha
Mithuna
Karkaṭa
Siṃha
Kanyā
Tulā
Vṛścika
Dhanus
Makara
Kumbha
Mīna
Navagraha
Surya
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Nakshatra - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"Ashlesha" redirects here. For the star, see Epsilon Hydrae.

See also: List of Nakshatras

hideThis article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss

This article possibly contains original research.Please improve it

This article needs attention from an expert in Hinduism or

This article needs additional citations for verification.Please help

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In classical Hindu scriptures (Mahabharata, Harivamsa), the creation of the

In the Atharvaveda (Shaunakiya recension, hymn 19.7) a list of 28 stars or

Kṛttikā (the Pleiades)

The classical list of 27 nakshatras is first found in the Vedanga Jyotisha, a

In Hindu astronomy, there was an older tradition of 28 Nakshatras which were

1Aśvini (अशशशशन)चच Chu चच Che चच Cho लल LaKetuAswini Kumara

^ The Radiant Words of Love & Wisdom By Vashisht Vaid, 2012

^ Jump up to: a b Burgess, Ebenezer (1858). Translation of the Surya

Jantar Mantar (Jaipur)

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