Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
and the antennae are long and whiplike. Shrimp occur in all oceans—in
prawns.
from the early mortality syndrome (EMS) epidemic, and that this will
“Strong shrimp supply growth was first seen in 2017, following the EMS
by India and Ecuador, with Vietnam and Indonesia also recording good
seasons. At the same time, other regions, such as China and Thailand,
2
were no longer contracting and even showed signs of recovery. “In many
continue in 2019 and beyond. Over 50% of supply growth by 2020 is likely
decrease started in early 2018, due to strong supply growth, and prices
fell sharply during 1H 2018. Prices have recovered somewhat and are
expected to peak around Chinese New Year. But another price correction
will be the marketing cost in selling Shrimp and it’s net revenue.
a. Age;
b. Civil Status;
c. Sex;
d. Educational Attainment;
a. Sources of Supply;
e. Frequency of Display?
a. Buying costs;
c. Transportation;
d. Labor; and
e. Fixed cost?
of net revenue?
profile?
4
practices?
marketability of Shrimp in Davao City which could lead and guide them in
Future Researcher. This could serve as reference for those will could
transportation, labor and fixed cost. Sixty (60) Shrimp Vendors were the
respondents of the study and the scope area of the study were from the
questionnaire.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined as they are used in the study:
study it is categorized as 18-27, 28-37, 38-47, and 48 years old and above.
Civil Status refers to the respondents present status either they are
display.
reaches the buyer. In this study it refers to pick-up and free delivery.
7
or credit.
Net Revenue refers to the net profit from Shrimp after deducting all
Pricing Method refers to the method of pricing Shrimp when sold, such
Shrimp.
cooperatives.
Chapter 2
This chapter includes the related literature and studies, theory base
brackish water fishponds before the 1980s. The switch from traditional
culture technique from Taiwan using small concrete ponds, high stocking
and the private sector. As the export industry grew, businesses rather than
shrimp, mainly to Japan, the US and Europe, peaked during this period.
9
(Sharma, 1998).
through the sand of the ocean floor or filtering the surrounding waters to
ingest small particles of various plant or animal species. Because they will
eat both types of proteins, they are considered to be omnivorous. The bulk
of their diet is composed of algae and plankton matter. Shrimp pose very
one of which has a name inspired by the hairy feet of Bilbo Baggins, a
character from The Lord of the Rings. With hobbit-like hairy feet, the
shrimp was named Odontonia bagginsi. This particular species was found
Fransen, “Odontonia plurellicola sp. n. and Odontonia bagginsi sp. n., two
Palaemonidae).
There are over 300 separate species of shrimp and prawns found all
over the world. Both can be found in salt water and fresh water, as well as
warm or cold bodies of water. They have an average age of about 5 years
or less, both shrimp and prawns begin their lives as a male, then at about
age 2-3 they become females for the remainder of their lives. Shrimp are
structure, somewhat shorter front legs, the front pincers are larger, carry
their eggs outside their bodies under their tail, and have eggs which are
serving, and does not contain any carbs. Approximately 90% of the calories
in shrimp come from protein, and the rest come from fat. Additionally, the
same serving size provides more than 20 different vitamins and minerals,
including 50% of your daily needs for selenium, a mineral that may help
Protein: 18 grams; Selenium: 48% of the RDI; Vitamin B12: 21% of the
RDI; Iron: 15% of the RDI; Phosphorus: 12% of the RDI; Niacin: 11% of the
RDI; Zinc: 9% of the RDI; Magnesium: 7% of the RDI. Shrimp is also one
11
of the best food sources of iodine, an important mineral that many people
are deficient in. Iodine is required for proper thyroid function and brain
health Shrimp is also a good source of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids,
Shrimp is a high protein, low-calorie, low-fat food but only when you
provides heart-healthy EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids. But some
a waxy substance that your body needs to function properly. But if your
body makes too much cholesterol, you increase your risk for heart-related
conditions. Cholesterol creates plaque that can clog arteries and make it
cholesterol, but very little fat and saturated fat. In 2015, the nutrition
experts who develop USDA Dietary Guidelines removed the specific limit
for cholesterol. They still recommend that you choose foods lower in
cholesterol but recommend that you focus on limiting saturated and trans
fat intake, keeping your intake below ten percent of your total calories per
After 1992, however, the industry has been plagued with problems
47,776 hectares (ha)of shrimp farms in 1991 only about 20,000 ha are
While extensive shrimp farming before the 1970s destroyed most of the
addition, some animal studies have shown decreased risk of colon cancer
both in the U.S. and worldwide are farmed, the diets that they consume
(whfoods.org, 2019).
shrimp are also one of our favorite and most versatile foods—sauteed,
grilled, you name it, and you get a healthy portion of protein, selenium,
and vitamin D. When possible, opt for wild-caught shrimp, which are lower
Demand and Supply. In 2017, shrimp demand was strong in East Asia
shrimp and steady prices. However, in Europe the market was rather flat.
Global imports to the top seven countries (EU28, United States of America,
Viet Nam, China, Japan, Republic of Korea and Canada) totalled 2.6
imports to four Asian markets (China, Viet Nam, Japan and Republic of
Culture Asia Pacific magazine reported the production trend for Asia as
Some farmers in Viet Nam and Indonesia returned to black tiger farming
back to black tiger shrimp to address the early mortality syndrome (EMS)
problem. In Latin America, the main producers were Ecuador, Mexico and
Brazil, generating more than a total of 700 000 tonnes (FAO, 2018).
15
and selling your fish through local sales, supplying to the supermarkets,
protein sources in the market, which is also in high demand. They can be
Smoked and dried fish are also sold in the market (Worldwide Aquaculture,
2014).
18 tons/ha for P. vannamei was produced in the first run of the trials. An
FCR of 1.3 was attained with 95% survival rate with a stocking density of
and products grouped by cold water prawns, warm water prawns, and
distinguish the different species or product groups along the whole supply
chain. When the data is combined, prawns and shrimps are the fourth
highest volume selling seafood group in retail, with cold water prawns
comprising the majority. This fact sheet summarises the UK imports and
exports of prawns and shrimps and their sales in both retail and
foodservice channels. The overall decline in the UK’s shrimp and prawn
import volume and value during 2015 was largely driven by warm water
supply issues. The most notable of these were the disease outbreaks which
moved from one country to another. The supply of warm water prawns was
also affected by the reports of forced labour being used in the mixed trawl
fisheries whose catch is processed into shrimp feed. This was widely
this within the relevant countries. Warm water shrimp and prawn imports
17
fell 13.6% to 34,735.8 tonnes despite a 2% fall in the price per kg to £7.48,
hence import value fell 15.3% to £260m. Export experienced a 16.3% fall
£6.61 per kg, reduced their value 22.6% to be worth £42.2m in 2015
(Seafish, 2016).
export earnings and employment generation for on and off farm activities.
and shrimp alone contributes about 0.07% of total export earnings (BER,
million hectares of coastal tidal land under brackish water shrimp culture.
follow the traditional method and per unit production is very low (800-
1200 kg/ha) (BBS, 2010). There are about 0.30 million ha of brackish
farming (SHAB, 2010). Earlier, most of the farmers practiced wild stock.
Now they started to stock shrimp seed produced from Shrimp Seed Farms
farmers is very essential for scientific culture and management. For this
purpose, Private Shrimp Seed Farms (PSSFs), both for bagda and golda,
the bagda hatcheries are established in Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf, whereas
for extensive and intensive farming demand for shrimp seed is increasing.
There are 58 bagda hatcheries, mostly located in Kolatoli, Cox’s Bazar and
produced 8000 million shrimp seed (PL) and of this amount only 1000
million of PL are used in Cox’s Bazar district and rest of 7000 million in
Khulna region. Again, for producing golda prawn seed, about 35 SSFs are
owned. These are small farms, but their productions are sufficient to meet
up the demand of the farmers who are producing golda shrimp in the
this time, whether the product will be sourced from the domestic market
Every day, we carry out various payments in different contexts and with
different methods. For most part of the 1900s, cash and checks were the
current deposits, often more easily than could be done with checks
(Schreft, S. 2006).
delivered. Transaction stipulates that the purchaser must pay for the
index theory is built on the assumption that this ideal pricing method is
and especially in that of SPPI, stray from this ideal. The closer a pricing
convey difficulties that are specific for services, so they do not deviate
not concerned with preceding phases in SPPI development when the goal
Nam and Singapore, were much higher compared with western import
pieces per kg price was high at USD 10 per kg. In India, 100 pieces per kg
of vannamei was sold at USD 3.9 per kg in the fresh market (FAO, 2018).
The deflated wholesale series is more variable during the early 1990s
than in 2000 to 2005; this is attributed to the disease crisis in the shrimp
of the marketing channel. In fact, fluctuations even in real prices had been
at PhP 291.72 per kg at the retail level and PhP 268.91 per kg at the
shrimp prices over the period (30% vs. 29%). These large variations in the
movement in shrimp prices during the 15-year period reflect the industry’s
problems. In fact, this period represents the worst times for the Philippine
shrimp industry, so far, and is said to mirror the global scenario. The
average marketing margin is recorded at PhP 22.81 per kg, which amounts
to only about 8.5 percent of the wholesale price. This margin includes all
food stores daily, others only once a week. The size of the total purchase,
the number of items and the quantity of each item bought all vary with
used in the store. Store operations must be geared to mesh with the
retailer knows from experience that his volume of sales is not uniform by
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days of the week, nor by hours of the day. The variations are very
Theory Base
your product or services over your competitor. Marketing are all the
wanted to find out if marketing practices and marketing costs affect the
Conceptual Framework
fixed costs.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
• Age
• Sex
• Civil Status
• Educational Attainment
• Source of Financing DEPENDENT VARIABLES
• Length of Experience
MARKETING PRACTICES
• Sources of Supply
MARKETING PERFORMANCE
• Mode of Delivery in
Buying • Net Revenue
• Mode of Payment in
Buying
• Pricing Method
• Frequency of Display
MARKETING COSTS
• Buying Cost
• Supplies and Materials
• Transportation
• Labor
• Fixed Cost
Shrimp Vendors in major Public Markets of Davao City when they are
Shrimp Vendors in major Public Markets of Davao City when they are
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
object by separating it into its parts and finding out the relationships exist
between them. This design was used in the study because the research
Sources of Data
The primary data were used in this study which were taken from the
Sampling Technique
data) that are to be studied. Usually, the sample being investigated is quite
Part III contains the marketing cost of the respondents in terms of:
costs.
answer the problem raised. The questionnaire was presented to the adviser
for corrections, comments and suggestion. After the several changes were
made and integrated, and final revision was done, the first three chapters
friends and relatives. After these were accomplished and retrieved, the
data gathered were collated and tabulated for analysis and interpretation
Statistical Treatment
interpretation of data:
practices.
Chapter 4
Demographic profile
marketing experience.
18-27 years old; 35 percent are 28-37 years old; 45 percent are 38-47
years old and 15 percent are 48 years old and above. It indicates that most
Table 1
and 35 percent male shrimp vendors. This indicates that majority of the
Table 2
are single, 80 percent are married, and 5 percent are widow. This reveals
Table 3
and 20 percent are elementary graduate. This reveals that most of the
Table 4
majority of the respondents are relying on their Self- Financing than credit.
Table 5
years and above experience in marketing. This indicates that most of the
Table 6
Marketing practices
frequency of display.
denotes that majority of the shrimp vendors’ respondents are sources their
Table 7
free delivery from their suppliers. This connotes that majority of the
Table 8
the respondents paid their supplies on cash, and only 5 percent of them
consider credit payment. This reveals that majority of the shrimp vendors
Table 9
Table 10
them display their commodity in 7 days. This reveals that majority of the
Table 11
Marketing Costs
Table 12
Marketing performance
Presented in Table 13 is the mean of Marketing performance in
terms of net revenue. The table reveals that the Net Revenue has a mean
business.
Table 13
since their P-value is greater than 0.05 level of significance. This implies
The result of the study conforms to the study of Galili (2010), which
Table 14
Self-Financing
Sources of 34714.0333
Credit from 1.054ns 0.318
Financing 47685.5000
Micro
its F-value is 4.736 with significance value of 0.043 which is lower than
value is greater than 0.05 level of significance. This implies that regardless
The result of the study agrees with the study of Pandigan (2008),
Table 15
Test of Difference on Marketing Performance when grouped According to
Marketing Practices
Marketing Categories Mean F-value Significance
Practices
Sources of Wholesaler 39531.6000
1.634 ns 0.217
supply Retailer 31708.4444
Mode of Pick-up 28511.6923
4.736* 0.043
delivery Free delivery 49938.8000
Mode of Cash 36283.9789
0.236 ns 0.816
Payment Credit 30828.000
Mark-up 37967.5000
Pricing
Competitive 37818.0750 0.097 ns 0.908
Method
Cost-based 33226.1250
Frequency 5 days 37458.1368
1.308 ns 0.207
of Display 7 days 8519.0000
than .05 level of significance. This means that marketing costs such as,
cost (r=0.164). This implies that buying costs don’t significantly affect
marketing performance.
42
This conforms to the study of Adame (2010), which shows that the
with their marketing costs. In this study except buying cost. The positive
results imply that the higher the amount allotted for marketing costs,
Table 16
Relationship Between Marketing Performance and Marketing Cost
Marketing Cost Pearson r P value
Buying cost .324 ns 0.164
Supply and Materials .532* 0.016
Transportation .789** 0.000
Labor .726** 0.001
Fixed Costs .670** 0.002
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
ns- no significant
43
Chapter 5
Summary
data were gathered from 20 shrimp vendors with the use of a survey
are on ages 38-47 years old, dominated with female, married, with high
school education, provided their own capital for business and have into
majority of the respondents sourced their supply from retailer, pick-up the
44
commodity.
demographic profile.
supplies and materials, transportation, labor and fixed cost. This means
Conclusions
Recommendations
the farmers rather than from the wholesaler to avail of lower prices.
Vendors may look for some alternatives just like processing the
unsold commodities and sell it at lower price just to dispose the products,
this study.
47
REFERENCES
PCARRD (n.d). All about Shrimp. Retrieved on March 17, 2019 from
http://www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/home/momentum/shrimp/index
49
.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2:all-about-
shrimp&catid=1:home
Appendix A
LETTER OF PERMISSION
_________________
_________________
_________________
Sir/Madam,
Greetings of Peace!
Rest assured that the data collected will be treated with utmost
confidentiality and will be used for academic purposes only.
Appendix B
INTRODUCTORY LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
________________
________________
________________
Sir/Madam:
Greetings of Peace!
In connection to this, I would like to ask for your cooperation and support
by supplying the data needed for the study through filling-up the survey
questionnaire.
Respectfully yours,
ELVIRA PIAMONTE
Researcher
Noted by:
DR. CLARITA G. PATAYON
Thesis Adviser
52
APPENDIX C
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
MARKETING PERFORMANCE OF SHRIMP VENDORS IN THE MAJOR
PUBLIC MARKETS OF DAVAO CITY
Name: _________________________________________
Age:___________
Sex: __________
Civil Status: _________
Educational Attainment
( ) College
( ) High School
( ) Elementary
Others (please specify): __________________
Source Of Financing
( ) Self-Financing
( ) Credit from Microfinancing
( ) Credit from Cooperatives
( ) Other pls. specify:_________
Length Of Marketing Experience
( ) 3 years and below ( ) 7-9 years
( ) 4-6 years ( ) 10 years and above
Thank you for your valuable time and effort in answering this questionnaire you’re highly
appreciated.
54
Appendix D
STATISTICAL OUTPUT
Age
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Sex
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
civil_status
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
education
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
source of financing
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
length of marketing
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
marketing practices
Sources of Supply
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Mode of Delivery
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Mode of Payment
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Pricing Method
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Frequency_dispaly
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
marketing costs
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptives
net_revenue
Lower Upper
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Bound Bound Minimum Maximum
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
ANOVA
net_revenue
Sex
Group Statistics
sex N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
Civil Status
Descriptives
Net_Revenue
ANOVA
Net_Revenue
Education
Descriptives
Net_Revenue
ANOVA
Net_Revenue
Source of Financing
Descriptives
Net_Revenue
ANOVA
Net_Revenue
Length of Experience
Descriptives
Net_Revenue
ANOVA
Net_Revenue
Group Statistics
Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
Net_R Equal - -
2.19 20513.640 25594.6966
evenu variances .156 -.853 18 .405 17502.862 60600.421
6 43 8
e assumed 63 93
Equal - -
18640.709 23456.0506
variances not -.939 11.154 .368 17502.862 58461.775
54 2
assumed 63 87
Group Statistics
Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Net_Reve Equal -
10452.595 21685.237 56011.5
nue variances .698 .414 .482 18 .636 35106.3
60 66 8935
assumed 9814
Equal -
16.5 10452.595 16960.799 46310.2
variances not .616 .546 25405.0
54 60 90 8847
assumed 9727
64
Group Statistics
Credit 1 31794.0000 . .
Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
Pricing Method
Descriptives
Net_Revenue
ANOVA
Net_Revenue
Frequency of Display
Group Statistics
Frequency_dispaly N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means
Net_Reve Equal - -
.47 47055.342
nue variances . . -.739 18 34756.978 133616. 64102.62698
0 38
assumed 95 58487
Equal -
variances not . . . 34756.978 . . .
assumed 95
Correlations
buying_cost Pearson
1 .377 .199 .218 .271 .324
Correlation
N 20 20 20 18 19 20
supplies_materials Pearson
.377 1 .604** .583* .664** .532*
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .101 .005 .011 .002 .016
N 20 20 20 18 19 20
transportation Pearson
.199 .604** 1 .892** .770** .789**
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .401 .005 .000 .000 .000
N 20 20 20 18 19 20
labor Pearson
.218 .583* .892** 1 .642** .726**
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .384 .011 .000 .005 .001
N 18 18 18 18 17 18
ficxed_cost Pearson
.271 .664** .770** .642** 1 .670**
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) .261 .002 .000 .005 .002
N 19 19 19 17 19 19
net_revenue Pearson
.324 .532* .789** .726** .670** 1
Correlation
N 20 20 20 18 19 20
Appendix E
LIST OF RESPONDENTS
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : Elvira Piamonte
Nickname : Viray
Date of Birth : June 17, 1996
Place of Birth : Southern Leyte
Age : 22 years old
Address : Purok 9 Apitong, Anggalan, Tugbok
District, Davao City
Religion : Roman Catholic
Father’s Name : Orlando Luaña
Mother’s Name : Marrieta Luaña
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Tertiary: University of Southeastern Philippines
College of Development Management
Mintal, Davao City
69
STUDIES CONDUCTED
A Project Feasibility Study on Native Coffee
Powder in Carmen, Baguio District, Davao
City (PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY)