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o.blioltete I dlnupol i-lrai-nte, cl,a -ia LlraapLe spr6 siingei fl rle
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doud silptdntnl cupa negtere.
b). In1mt"ol rngltd, opra::enl,- sucpernCr:tA ie p,orilorlLrl eilLr
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cBzLLr.I , virf ir1 titmL:i nu eblnge dlef ::ailnirt r 1n1m,a 1n plc, rlturii
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crrf,srloar6, aEcu!11,iir blne marcatA'
o) Inlma ptrtfornlir nu Bo rlaosoboqto ':le tlpLtl obllr:
Ceof b prln melglnllo sale mrl! nal l'rtu'nJlto '

t3 OI[Ol-RIll-Ji.UUfI, eete dgt!. rln oeon!6 do nJ'ocardul

rrl ri h'l I nF1)1
Y !!r!-!-r traf,nDarenqB lnnel vle':oraie q pericr ardu''ul- soros.
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eprecltlreaat6r11normeIoegupet91og1oe.al1,i.rol1,,f'ncursu1
u,ecroplrl11or. In mod nolsal varl.Bz[ cu V!reta, de] Ia rogu .dosohls,
I g coD:ll1 plnd la rogu-brun fuclLlg la Indlvlzll ful vlrst[
la no<i nolnal, tn'rro mioce-rd 9i Iann vlscoralil s pr.lcs'rdu-'lt:l-
8€toe r:o pot lnterpune e6iomord:1 de lobu1l SlEecqlc
Patr:logic, PeteJ-e do culoBre doecblsd.l b::u^nit-rionu91s !

F,ct t.::15Ca prerzon!a L'nor sono da eclorozli n1o'caro1oE,

lrrr patele
da ou:L()ar0 ilonj"ed. -' honoregJ"od-, denotS. exlsten!a urnul lnfer:ot
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sbalon normalA eau. pa"bolo6lou. A ln1nllr 9l ou naf ura 1'gslunlf or "
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j.n bJpartrofllle pore'il1ol dlfblltolor o8vlt[!tr i€zlBtsDta
rroosto.rq seto mul.t or€scut[, perotolo aete du-r. r:a solslozolo
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Conslctor:fo ,lordululo ftr:o posltr:11d. r;r1 aprricllarria m(F

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rn:Lna ':pr11,,i in si8'Lor.{ esto formd, rotu.uJlt'ri,
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gl pr.tn dlia;af1.e gobrvH. (cu crogteroa flr{iar do ccrntl.c!re)
g1 ul'ie:1or p:j-n di-lnta1;1ei pseiv6 (cu lsrJucBrea forcel oe
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dlaonsrunll-cv rn1&11 gi e,upra g:ou1;r!11 ea1o,. D1.n
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prg(r+'jr c€ nomicl-oglcE rlJ- railorogrer dispu:l
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brahl-ocelellc ut :i"[, i;.-Ari;;;;l;"i;;;" ia*ai"ap,td,
16. lrtera puinoriolri. gtfat![,, i?,- Irunohl-u]. a:tirrlnl b.i:ah1,::-"
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artsrlal , 22o Vona oevH lnilellcerEn

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:LrlgA fota pulrnonard o vrrrttricululrl- stlng plnd in a;;roplo.ree
.rIrf u1u1 , qr1 mugchlLrl poi:, llal unt,ollol a] 'reltrlcululul etlng.
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atrlali{ st5-ng[ ,aritolloalil, BItc:ra af rlild nor13fna15. etfngE 91
a.rto.ta atrlnl6 at;in65. postol{oa-ri,
fu:ter::r atrlald siingtr anborloarE lrtBd fn!a antorloard.
a etriuLal stir6, urechlur;a ertlrig6- r;i' eeptitl Intoratllal.
.{rte:ca a'brls16 narp;in,rl.6 et;ingd., urcd p,: fe!a lati-rra15.
I atrlulrri elt!ngr t:.:eco antorlo:c do orl.fJ.clUl vonel pulmona.ro
grrpsrloare Lrttrg1., upol gu indra optrl Co 1a ctinga 1n d:oapta
lo fu!a a atrlllo-r , ;rlnd 5-n vsoln[iatoa de echldarll
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venoi ceVo ElupeIl.oato uncio se tr:rnlnEi , |ln |L-)QE dln cazullt
irna ciin ranurl-L€ salo 111gI nottrr]-uI c.ln^3err Tn 6\-6ffi dln oo-
z,rul noduiul e;L:rusa1 octer lr1.ga"b fl6 r'1 oxonarst dreapi;8, Q1 !n
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lntorv*:ntrlcular poaterlot r;1 emli.;e e,rt,:rB lntatventrloul-ard
pcsterlosr[. Aooa ste, f u:lrl zeaz,6. rBm[Il eopta]o poetorloale,
p::lno dlntre ele lrlgin<l noilulul- atllov'rntrloular el trunohlul-
f aso1.oululul 1ul HIS" (Fl.g.rB).

, n) T,U.ltg.ri-Bl-Jfltaral oolonnro etiJ8l, oeto - !r le-

z;umnt - ropre zont;a t do t
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iiai[ fl v0ntrlolr:Iu]ul atfrr6I por!1u1ea stlngil e f er!ol dlefrBgna-
vj.co e ventrlorrlulul etlngl JWrAtaten ot{ngE a lnlutrdlbulul'ui
$rtor0L pulnronn.re I poI!lrrnoa fofol- stotnoooetal.e a vontlloululul
clropt, oltr:.atd. ln veolnd.iatea qsn!ultll lntot'rentllculal anterlor I
r,:irful BBpUuIu;! lntorvent;rloular ln introgfuno; colo 2JV aupaxloele
alo soptultd laticlventlloula! o

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a at:luIrr1' dl'opf,;
atf.rrg 91. u:echluge stlr'g5' i !etia r'rp€'ri'oerI
csa na1 nBte partE a sepiultt'l !ni;ela-bllal' lrlg{l
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g,i.tl antelloi ei lenT rll ttLngl e iegolcululu:L 1u!

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no,li:lul- atllovent!lctr-lttl Ol trtr['i]l1u]
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rlior , unc]i r:r: ,o cn,l!411ii (ln jlx lln cal,.u1)/-r ert_grq i;;;-
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rlr:r nc:rto (1.',1 :rt;irrl-rr:') dc l:cJ-surr: i:nlc1s cor-l:;,.crr cit eltorq
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arterB cc,:onara'1reapta lirti fo::rnB clo co1sr,-srrIe, rar,u-r1 descon-
cl ento 'r'en1;rlcu-la.re, g1 .rcmLril cscendente atrj.al_o.

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terltorl::. lcr in ltamur:! antorl.o.tro gl pootorloq-ro..
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lrrErf,lnd.r ::'ecpr;I a lnlm:LI. Pri.rr rr ,jl.ntrir Bcrr:it-,1 rnnrrr{, sc irud
gl rr;1nt:L,i' eu"nflro, 111i56. Jrurdtatr:s orcapt;i1 e :rnf uxd,lLu-lurul
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i'lt

d.lngcnalb p,:'l'f,.trlcr:tid a vnntricr.rfutul drept-t

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d.rcrptn-gL -.Lrra,:b.Iuqrr:l-dlcpl;:-r.
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a'hrrlaLii cll,raptii er:tolloqril gl etrt'e.te rrtllai5. a mar6l;rll drecto.
Ar';o::o rr'biltrld,lloaptil antorl.oarI ploaoH. d:1-rr eagmontul
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a(ir8q oii11,r tn cuB gl -tnepol po fn!a nntort lsrd a at::1ulu1 dlcptt r 'i.::

apcrl po f eria Buportoartl s ncootrrle, pllnd. fu aproplerr:ra orlf l- ,.

cjLulul vorrri oBvB suDBrloaro. 6g olatr{bule Ia ureohl.uqa droaptd,
]a fa!a nrrii:rioer![ qi r]uporloaril a atllulul dropt el 1a s€gsontrtl
€ntr:rlot r:r.l serptul t,rl lrrteratrlal- In n0Jorltatoa osz|rr1]0r I i.
( c:c. rn d\ " '
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posiorloard a at,c1ul'ul rJ-ro.prii '
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torruLrd. Jnulni;rr lo a atlnga lncleul_a -Bl?I1g' pl1]q-gllgjrtornoze
ou olto:a nPotfll_d, 99euer1o91d'
Arttt:e lntoiventrlculerd.'pouiallourI' eryIte rsnlull e8cail-'
donte, drepto, stfurgl, ql oop'be)-o posterloar€r '
gub!lrl t car0
- Ilamurlle r s1:, .,tiente , s5-nt 7-i l'amurl (ootul pa cere-!
pIe acH. Cln or 1p51.no'' srtiarel lnt'erlventr Loula:$
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tr*,*, oo"o-)it-,0 lozvoi;arE, va pu::i'r numoLry .'l'r artttra n1;riaLii
,l:acpid pcs'bo:lrin:ii' :
n veni:: :'cl-]-'
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zonrlJ.
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ur3(iiBn, Ader0rr!a onte morLmd La nlvoruJ. marglntl arrto-!1oBro
a lroe sterl zon€ , gl tn Jumiltatea entorloald a marginll d::opta
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r:c)ilrJo nl.o potl-,:arrJulul, ooloopu,ndo r-rnol nooccrltllgl r,r"un1oo,
aylnd ro.Lul rle B pr0vrrnl dlstenela brugcrJ. a cavlijh[1-iol 1n1mll
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odrdul flbros, 0svltst0s poricardlr:di nrr ar]rnlt,o - prlrr ,ilrrbernsle

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rB Ceef.LLqosrI J.0ntr ln tlrnpr s&crr1 rr.lrlocrolo pont.: l]l mult
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,rt.Lrrgo 2 ILLr:1.
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ds la nlvoLul b,nzol InltnL.l, prln refl,:de poricerdulrl sa.ros
:7,1 p::1n dlsnune:ren ecos'bula p6 vaselo marl ql pe euprafle!ra
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t.lcurll a1 r:evjLt i!11 por:Lcardlce.
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il psrlcaltlulujl ril€rcB 1 mozoul lnlm1t (nezocar'lu] -DoBi,3r1or) I
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1:,::-r11.
In faza onbtj-onertl e 'bubulul cei:dlao, 11nla de rafle-
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in Jurul bulbulrrl et1;or:Lsl (c1-n oB-r'o deri.vd- aorte gl pulmo-
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g1l. ,pulmops!r) r P::1n o-roIr:!le ultorloard a tubulul oal'l1ao,
rnocl,lflcer€s .rap()rtrrt.LIo:: olntrs oavlt[t1r dorvoltaroa r-lnoE
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noc'rsH. aJr:nga i>or:tollo! r?1 lnforlor fafE.,{e llnla do roflslxlo
r:l.y'l;,orta1d.I !ntre oole dr)u:H. llnll clo rof1':iJo, oo lntorpuna
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 Li-: :r r- rl ,r1; r't L,rrt I 'i{} iit rt li Zga',"J irr.LnL;1;r-rJ orrLtnl-irirDt; tr I puilcorrlu*
Lrrl.t c . 1 rlrl
'Jl,Jql
.: r,r'r'irY tJI I.lI ;lUjl'Jr'.

,/ t,4 J-in)J: dc r,: f Io;!i! vorr o!rl{ ir!,ruIl u l-a adtrl-i pro..

fi{rJ-1 lt::1J-lor i:rl ll deflnlblvrirl-1',ranBforr l-u nlvoLul baza)-

inlrull s{,1 Lol:norr z,l. dol pedlcull '7s6s";1t p0dlcultrl r/Bnorl olept,
il oriraf d ln voncl (l ctlvB qrl vonclo pulmonnto drer
pte , q1. ped:l-
oLlIul I/cl:lofl sf;lrrg, fottrl at dln vettele puj-mollf'Io ut1ng1.
Un l tL {l-:-t :l:4g-I!
-
pIoacd
-Qg--pe-! e !n u-:'lqt u :
! s s d,

r|91{ I r _L1!91 ilt1y.9__qu,!] le sl-q,_- q o-alaejitl-f-l,enqi-ut- or eilit

:Lo er a J unso''pB f a 17a--9s-p-o-eiexloar[t---oo]rqrui-Yq4]gg! p1
""r "Ir -::'
::i;'r-poo:,*locrii a strlulut - -Jr-qLi-t luC;-LroIgeazil-,fg!a antorloord'
s-tn d -p o -? a |a- trr o o t e rtu ard-s
*-a :g**f *,,,!gr"ln-, -gjlLrr -
:-nfol,!,:g:_1 ttr o ontlnua-rar otrslegin --fJggoul drsPt,
"=lt_fE',ra
-iir
f r r, o t,,Fi oar L- ,;f f Iar.,ouI gllng n1-l-ri,v,s1*lnitUl-S-sIq t-,n [q4glnd
o1ul noLr .to !a fa posterio_{L}i-g-t1'-cii -,",Ijbl-c€].-$r-ofUO1.214
rls-:--
.._--
--:*---
g
! !g_ n o s ue rijlof-l Lrlrul c r e d I e1!u',Lp-o-L prr-I=oll€. c t A
rt oe r ii _g _f j
co Is trrtolta ci,::c_ at;tr,gs in Lungul ig!ul !"p1'!-i9!t- x -et:lul"ul
r;blr:g, plnll f,r r',r;r.9_LrJ-mcrnr'fi:bin6;5-nurS;1oard.l ooboar[' 5.n-
c!r4 B ftXL.tqr-LqaI!-e-_Y9-qg-I-a1p ulo-ontlJl=q t ItgS r-tr o co
e 1.n,,1__I-e,!

crr r.lrrb f ,rbn lrfl::trttrf, o vg-q-C1-!9^In:9!sr0 e-t-ki5l- hieg-J.oals t

apol ruro,|_9"jglrl4I.nd_f aba on'berlcar6' a t91.{,r- pu.]-monsle
eilngl | ;,16 rofl!1f!Lgg-f
-
r-i-!-h$q--qp!q-J[e-epl-q--ql ri jun-gc- pe
ftj o =qg u 9. t'rggf!! J _v u xg_l_gill- euperl osl-91-!!,b$g-!19t:ggl
--. eg-i'e--!e ! q eg iiell-oqr-d
',*r
1
1g- !,
I -qq r91_-gl]!lljllo T:-!l-g l- -elr
1 a

nivslu-l :runctuler:L Ce PIocer,o. -

-r--
( ai t'mz;lll1l!-q1.f9.9m-8lEB. Pr J.n rof lerla porloardulul'
Ei6roE le p€ po r.':tu ieTog-tallc:g1--" rlourdulul flbroB Bp.re
buzri J.nj.pl1 (l a lniil!lnroa vonelox pultnr:nalo ouporloate gl s
urrri5lnl-1 s[rpsrl,]'.tIe u gtt lirlul, otlr1g), oe f ormeezd o pllod
nnrlnnr.rltnil^
yu A +v ur. v,rv (A t osrr] fllxoarE
i
*-::
_::
baza
* - - lnJ-inil 1A pollosrduL flbror:t
mo zo uI l:r lml1 gl11- qryg9gllfr!-I:aBiorJ-or.-

ul poete.r lor o atc- qon"tllg[g!-4]f4-f9{

.Me zocn:rd
":-- lnforloolh
n,;rlcardlcor' una -- Ol ",igun.--g!i€ricaxL.-
: '- - -' .,' :
--*$!,,[i&I!.iI4_je
-:"'':-- ----:-. fntl.nc]o slnpluo de 1a vene
nrrlmonrarfl dranoi;I
!':j'1_'':.''"'a _"_: "_ 'r BUoerlOar6o la t,enA pulmonarI attngI sup€-

I
I loar 6-
I

ffiiffiffi.ry'ffim;rF#ffi-ffiffi ffi
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i'., I lr,i ,;iii;,, il :.r,., i, I t)\: ir i, i-l,il li,.r .L.i r/rJIj,l

i)l.l l jll ();i) Il il
tUInl;11. lt'.ll.r;L':Lclltrl r lrt rnlcii rl "l it;rilfj rJo r;1i ,1t Ngl)r,lr_1 o11ii!;,,
u1r,a1, {'.lrirr ou] rt; irrg nt u,1 ,ri11 t):!r.^rJrr.r
" 1.r.orr.cc._-rn jnl,rrrvii .rrr,r
dlnl;.r0 nr1;0rr, frrimonorri lLfnl;ri :rl. .Trlilrlntirrl. sn,:jot:r,.,lrri'ollot:
,'i1 vflr)01 I) lrnr clnr:rr0 lt;lng.l , f o11;r: cL.rlrorlcar:ii B rlozoca::duluj
llrBzlr.ibrl o p11.oiir p11ca ,zi:cilfjlcl-d a iul l,,tAll,sliliLI , -r0gN 611
.!nvr:.l..liJu. 1irj''rjrlroFJ lu cljrfl-1 pro,.',on1;a citna.r,Lrl .ILr1
Cuvl_er
r:Li:t11 . il i;roi:1neti plJ-i3{1 ltrl lli:r:sii,el1, cc,
6,1s,; qto y0nB
oDl1od n nt;rl ulul arin13, (Vonn obl-J-rrua r: t,::11 slnlst.rer)
\'€nE lul Mriltira.Ll, roBi s1 ciln{ll,ulLrj- CLli/l€}r etlng (vona"ou cBVii
sup0rrr>rirc rI inlrri oxlet{JntI ln vlir!o onriirl.onarti).
ir r; d ?:i_r9r u! rl1-+}1 1
-aqs t !u-furr-{!liq_s
L
],:-9 9
-o
-?I9--I "y
:1ll:!:_l'b"1d::1f;_il-olffqel d_,-Jp _rrr;,aet--n Lvel,_n_e_ry11-pi_crs*
luj- p0dioululr,j. \.0n06 (pLexut lui jrglmjp)_r .-.---:::
3rb_or{eaz,{ 131irne,

, t. gnruiIRi ps s"1g 6r .lr\mnTi0ulj{ F.rnl(lAjRp.jgi, -

Itozultd prtn roff oxla 66-rossol perloerrrlc; i-;;"it .'u -p,r-
d1ou111 ertor1al1, uoncgl, ql cu Do:aiLL:.rr1:ll,'
P.rlnclpalelo fornaf.tuni oe eoesb gon si-ltr
a) Sr,-el-a*rcirooav.{ .u irl ALLI.!SO{, .rBzu-lrri nr:Ln
:ofle:ila s€roBirel r-l nr'rcr,i ;ei-'-currru'.r vcnoe,irrpt,, f:,.;;e,
vens cc'/J" 3'Jrrorlcerii ;l vena nrij-;ronarx, drerlpttr i;i::,e:{oet i{..
Aooeetil. iosr:ti1 ,r:.;i;o ;ollinri.ru brr e nte rlo::,, cie fl"cincui rirept
si
cerv.1 oupa:'1oB!'€ l rn jo,'r. de '/0nB puincriarti. dreerptd, sLlporlcer{
!* gua? do re'*lr13 dreept'd. a i:rte'ol nur.nlonris (e-,:i-rererlJ"ce:il_ il

cli) " La li-rciul- .f rrsL)tBi Arili:c,n, eo poe-t;er ;;r;soriJ.,ca l-.:.6;aiu:a

t:ensp€:j"card1,:d a !.eBalo,t nuJ-:loner€ Cre,pter.
b) slnuslrl i:enBvers e iur liruii4r risrnue urar,sve:g:e
oerrcsrdll), axe asoeotui rrnrrl oenal- prlerr:i;!o t:lrinr:l:j..rier,
deij-nl-tet prJ-n :erfie :ds e€ro{isei futle,pori.!curr.r1 e,::i,elle1 D{l
oe r parto, gl atr11, pr oe elid pei-rao Ao.Bt cana.l_ ,:rste
dellrltat l 1) antotoeupe rloi n de ser06sa co pe fa!,' ;-;osier$-
lnlerloara a aolteJ" gl puinorerH.i 2) Lnfo::1o!, de p,rr!runerr
snberolnfeli.oB!d. s fe!e1 supelloale a atlll.lol, de a*Rmenea
ln"'sl-ii:d lx arlroasd.l !) pcsieroaupo:iol, d,s Baroa,.rs ce!€
iubrqod, fa!,a anterorrforloard. a alterol pu-r.monar,e <lrropte'
Blnueu1 tratgvora eI pe-llourOulut,oonun:lo[,lu osvt*
istsq per!.oard1od. prln doud._orlflollr stlog; 9l dre1rt,,
 Orlf lci rrl trtlng cri1;i: l-Lruli;ti'; Lrl f re trtrnlhi-u.l prt1.rrsp,11'
ile o

urr:ohlur,trr cr tintlil r;ri nltcre i,lulnoltarfi. sljlnEli.

Orttllcrr.l- ilroot crlbs ilcllmJ-tat inbro aortd, vona cavll
sLrpo-iloard gt uriir(il:ri..rr)B ci rocptd,
o) l:ggfr
&__gjfrf__q__I$ H.{IJ;en itlnus cbltqrua porl*
,tir::dii), e.ltri dE,l-lru1-t;iri intr-e la!e postcr.Loara e atrlr:Lul otln6
gl. porot;e 1o r),)Bij0r:ror 01 perlcorrlul.uJ, r !niro ped lcull.l vono4ll
dropf g1. otln;; sJ" 1-n1mi1g eub folfa --'-rf,rr:l.oard B m€zo1llul lnln11.
Postcllorr, prln lntormodltil po;:lcatdulul e:<tern,
accat dl.v,rrul,:u.L c(r ;,'-ino in raport cr;. €ooflagul .

0.'\rAgCUl,{iIIZATIA 8I INERVATIA l/5RIC-AnDIJL'fi

.1. 4.I',re!8llrri
. {l) Ar.t-o.qgJil 1l vo-neJq" oplca:ildulul efut r:ooLo891 os 91
col.e a1o ro1 lculdulu:!,
b) U.mart!.9Ie 'sint otenstil la .::gteeua aubepl ct: idl.cil,
spoJ- elnt d.renat,: ie ool"eotoarelo llinfatloe a1e l-nl"n1:1.
,:r) irreJlai;La, esttt ostli da p:L€r',rL 0crd1arlo In mod norne,L
lnoonelblJ,, oploariui dovlno eenslbli ILa oondl!11 patologloe
(per1oardl.tn),

2, I[IIiCI.J]D"J], IXTTNN
6t) fute t.eld, provln dln arlora tolaoald, mod1n111., dln
aifcro1o r,llirllc6not:.co Bupo-rloa:o (n.:rlcardlaoo-frenlco) g1
lnierlon-ro, 91. ocoe:jcr:-u din erterele b-EoIIglce, onofa13lono,
ti-rnloo,
b) Venolo :rtdt dtcnoto spr€ daroB v€nd. srJ8'rs1 spr€
brunohlurl-1o !'cnoBsio btshJ.ocefollcor. vone-Lo dlof:regna'blco aLl-
D{lr1oBI0 ir1 v€n0ls 1;orncnle msdLBlB.
o) Urlllblf,l]e perlcorciulrrl o-ttoln slnt,lrcnoto fri
I inf onotlr-r.l.1X- rrod{os'i;1.no11, f ren1c1- ;l lpf r;rtrsho tbronql-c1.
 d) Inorv*!-[.!g ogter allgulr:.;I rlo r 1) la'lur1. vugr]l_6 ,l

Jil;:;t:l ::l:.::nu:1 -,':;:l: J:l;: j-,j...,v

_1.ai;o;a,;iliul, -c;;j"L;:i
re ourenf l qL a plo.xurllor br onhoprrlrnono:o; "^,i,;
2) tsmtrrl parl*
orrldlotr dln lonf u_1_' oiml:, atlo torecal; , ,) rarqr11. 1 dIn
n0Iyrrl lf on13 dI0pb, pr.rntrrr 11gcrnon1;of o f,r6nopo r1,::e_nrjioo gt
ponfru faIa lnfarloar{ I perloardu_ril.
fn gonelal, aB o onelderd. od porl-oardul ,:t).ti n frn,r:'{lr
sorrzltl'/d.--rollar.dr'3r-1 corooclnfo rulirl:6i;crr11 ql 0aJ: d lova s,o ulnl € ,
dsternlnato do dlstons.ls bIuso6 e p0rloarclului.

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 l; i.

}IORVII ORANIENI
(Horvl oranlalee)

lriervlJ" cranlonl slnt nqrvll s cdror o116l,no aparontd.

eo gdeogto po equof ale erberloeC q cnoofelului. qt, al cd.:eo:r
torlto::Ii"r da d.Irrlbrlbr!lo oete reprozontat dg 'f ornatlunlLe Bon.q-
tloe al-o ccpulul. gl gttululo ql de o perto a vlsoertlor oepul'rr1,
gthrlulLt toraooJ.rrl 6l abdouonulul.
,l
tit

\
Jn trer:l-eotul lor epro torltorJ,ul d,o dlatrtlullo 6xoora=
nlan, aooqtl norrrl vor trobul eI strdbat[ lE nod otrllg.etorlu qrl.-
ilcttlo'lare! orsnlulu!"
. Dln prrrnot do vodore fqloolforylr ngrill or_qnfent fot
tll
, a. sclnz i,tlvi sau son-Eorlal[l ou orl8lnos; !oa]H. lntF4lu
gqns]lon oitruat p.e traleotul o65'yulul oranlan' r'e,rgeotlv,'ryl ou
tertnlna!:la lntr-'un nuclou eohlvalont BsIultlY nl trWqblulut oe-

b. motorlr cu orlglnoe roqlA, lntr*un nu4lou onirlvalont

notor a1 t:".r.mir.i-u1u.l cerob:ce}, g! ou touafnatJ,a (to,rtf orlul port-
f erto) Irr r,lvelrl.L n+gohllor etrtall et.oapqlu{. qt, 6f!+Iulg
oa nl-oqtlr ao:rrrt oBlq p.oeo{{ gt$,S o ootqio&€4tf,. eenrl-
ttvd-eBn:aollald olt ql o oonpoaentA uoto;'ie*
Unlt tllrltrs qgrrlll oranlo!! psq${ g{ o ooryngnt5,
v oge t al; l','I oino para o Lnpat i- cuI'ut o 11,nian", Oop'gnente
ar € {r!}sirV
pargslnprittotL f.g;l are el8lnsa lotqlln ulglor'l tohl'e'qJ,o.nt vegota*
.l
tlv d.s ll rilvelr,i-l t:ranohlulul oorobssli; nu,olou ocr{} ualts f tbr-a
,l
,i p:egani;J.lorrard. ,Slnapea cu f lbra goelelnsffonard. eet faoo f.ntr-un
gangllon el.tuat lpe t''raleotul r' B !r u :r L 1'o n :d'dfalltl.lor
nerrl orsnl.oalr rBBIl., ln gan6I{oa{t p$ryllfo! psr'l'I'leoqra,Lo oau
lntle,qurnler, IJ.'bra paraalnpattoE pt'! -41 9o€tgatr8l1r69$l S'n
t:.q{eollu1 lor per:nlf crloo pdr!.soso Adoartort tnrnohh*. nerrtOe de
,59-v ----I -----

cero d.rlpl.ndl lnti;141, lontru oa prtn lntenoed.tul utrdt

dlqnur!, .

qaastonoblclorr (::auuO oonsunloans) r oS Xupnruuto traleotul ram"r-

r!l-r:r: qltor: nenrl oranlent' Pontru untlL norrl orsnj.anJ. (ff et ].)
oo roouf,oaq'Le qiL cxlat0n!A un61 oOn'pontluto vlsooroflgnltttlot, ot. i
-,'. I
,..f
1i
,ri
rj
; l
'r' I

,i,I
;tt
r#ri.,;;-.,;:
 or'11;lrrrjo ln noLiri;rtj-l i;l'l,r.La91 irr gon.1.;l!onl.l j.ntronil::u-.
I l, rl! locoralt sritt tlo n,r tlrrl,rot-ul- tr,rnchlul-ul no:lrulirl rr:rr
pe
lia1.-1.'.', :;L :: :r 1.:,:'::1::. 1'-':1 l: ::1,':rl:11 ::11",-;l - ,:, r-r..!
trrrnoir lrrlu l c o ro br:al "
In anatomlo, oub0 unBnlm accopbat;il setiizl olasljlcer-
l:stl DBrYllor c renLsnl dupii SOIIJI,{IP,ING rsl r/tCt(:l D tl:tan. f n 0onf 6r*
nrltnt€ ou Boocstao rluriL orlgine gi func!i-6, rle d,lot1np; .I2 pore-
chJ. de Dei'.rl cranlanl.
Porociroo J. nei'vil o1f ectJ.vJ-, no:v::r. sonr:orle,rt, . cu
orlglno€ :rparontil pe f afa lnf orloard a bu-l-b1"i.o:r ol-faotl_.r1,
loroohoa IJ,n nervul optlo, eltuni: _l.a nl.,;e1u1 :ot j.rel :.:
.- l
ps oBrs n'r o piirdsegtaI norv eonzorlal-. ftrliei:;anla n€rvoaed. oare r':'rr
'.

f otueazd rrnatonle, msoroeooplo, nervrrl op'i;1o,, oBto d.e f apt un

);:1
4..;

lueoioui ,rrterlorllat ds zubetqn id albd C j.onoe:f aIl.cIi, "ill

'.;:: t"u ' Pjrroehe'a Irf,.l nnrrrui'coriLomotor, n$rrr utc,tof or.i origine .a.,
.:lr

'r,ii
rr€sonoefa"llpii. llo o conponsntil paraaiupatt.od, ou crj.gln6q f.n nu- :t::1.

o1oul'lrlc[oione+:rl,otor. ;'".:r.' r , f r.,*t,'.: i:'; .,,,'-:'r:l-,:). . 1:31

a:,a.ri:
,i,ti:

leroolrea IY, aer",'ul rtrohloa.r, a€:"/ raotor o,: qriglno '

',.::

nosonoafnl.lod. irii

Xe.rgohea y, nerra_r1 t::lgenen, ou cr;!gJ_no po:rtln63 ee

4-!ebrJ.brrta le perl-feri"s p;ln t::sl lamu:1, c!lnt::.e cErrs,ioudgiri;
s,Jall'b1'ro (norrll of talmio si nre^;-t 1ar,) o{ "wl Erj-.rbd. riie -rru.*J- EBit*
drhr''lan-l
9.vll4J^,,.

Pereq.hgl rGr !.srnrr notor ou orlgl.no prontlr.iil rl..eb,C.uoenl,,,

Forcc-Jtea_'trf f ,. n.laoi_ei, ne::r cctc:r cu c::ii,r:-::€ poni;:_.,1,
Jre ry{ o oonponentft parasinpeti.oI ou orlgd.re tr. nuclrru-!- l-acrluo-.
muo ona s sI n

xoirnriul- !q,:iei I ge, ntagcald qi.. o oomlonriln'rd. ee""l-

tivo-eea'orlart. ou o 0oilpon€ntd. paraslnpatlcli anexatii.t nerrui
{fr bi.s rau lntonnad.lar Hrleborg. 0orpononbe 'paraatulral;!cd..a
aoostulal pleacll Cs Ia nuoIsuJ." aalJ-ysr'ritpo:.1.,cr., ,i"'i. .r:.: -
Fer€llSg_gll, norvul veetJ.tilLo,3 ccrhJ.oar, o ntr) un nerr
een:io'rlai,oone|deratufitotunnsrypon.blrr,.

barn rnlxv, ou cotrponentE parBslnpatfo[ (nu.o,rc,r:l ea]ivar: Inferlr:r

gt rruoleul rotulrl) .', '
" .

Pore.qbee.X, nernul vag Bau pn€umo€;aatric, eoto ur ner..,

hrrbsr ntxb r cu .o lmportantH. couponont6. pa:crler;!mpat:Lod (, nuoioul
,C.oreraI gl :ruclsul cardtopnounoentorlc) .
 i! t
ni1.'rnr
'' ' ^ ' " -
I :iC.-.r.litO:, r-)ri i,8 Lln. n(iI-V f|tIiritf., iriOtO_f,
-/T I
:r
n. r-f I l I
hliroglos, tt sto un ner','LrrIbar,
1-..-l I l ,-2 .;7{}-rr'i e cl a !)n'l--il nero*
^anri ^rt

slnpatlcA.
J)ln p':nct Co '/e,L6r'e on:brloLoElcl p€rooh1]o'1! VII, IX,
I, .XI, lncrvsdz,:i uotor nuBculatul.a d.orlvat{ dLn arcur:1Io bran}r1a--
lo n gi r+copg:LcnerrzE Ol.:ler!iol-e f orino .1c tene lbtlLtai;e rL ln te-
r11;orl11e d-er::veter dln alcu:.1Io brcnh:Lale, notlv pontru care alnt
eioeoort donurnlil l{!nvl. !;t}lHIl,LI. .{stfol-, trlgemorull esto norq/-ul
€r\:ilIul I, f aclriluLl eeto nora/"uI erculul II r gloeof arl.nglanu)" oste
n€F/ul aroulut:IIl,, Ya€:lr] ql aco€so1'ul eJ.nt nersll arcuLui IV qt
a! arou:rllor :rr,llnontalrt Y ql W'.
. I{o::v!l III | .tvr \Tr XII tnorvoaad urotor muooulabura
der:lvatd rlln rro;lltale, ;preotlco (mugchl cxtrloeool. ai glotulul
o orr.]Br) g1 dlB eocrlt oler cccipltale (uuqohll 1lmb11) , motlv pentru
cere alnt donumtil. NIn\':[ :tMITICI.
Ra.la !ltr lnt::'o trcnrll oranlon! gl torltcrilr1 lor perl-
fe:,:lo se otab.Llogt;o Ln fr:,ze1o ln!!lalc al.o desvolt;Ir1! (eEpt[-
mty,rn 4) ,/ -| moment ln cars o>:letl o d,latrlbu!le go8nsntar[ q nervl-
II nr.
vr. nr.nn{cnJ
v t q s^vr. - I:r 1;orlto:r1.I}e ou oBrg €s tun ln ral,or1l vent;ra1
^ t

ve::1.oulo1o trun:hl-ulu1,3€iIrcbrall arou.i!Itr q1 pungl.l-e brahi-e1o,

!n:i.rrae tnhJ] :l,nlorrtlnal. ;r1.nd. Ia nlvelul urugurolut hapatlo. tr'l-
brola reooptoare clln eoeet terlrSortu sosrlBo la ve*touisle trun*
c.h ji.u.Iul o6r€bl.sl,, la:c illbr:sIe raotorll (of eotoAI'e ) r urneazli un
trglect I:l/ers .llstrlbuj-rriru-ee la torlto::111o !n raport ou tr,rn-
o.:il-'uI o erabra-1. oaetili r:e)-a!1o ssgu€nter[-1ntt1a1.d so nouNlno 91
.{o
utr1,;erlor, dar asto tn,el gi'ou c1a reounoBsut gl nal crompl!oatlA,
pril*n, ulgrerra Ia C[tsbarrt!, a <].erlvatolor mueoulart sau vlaooralo
(1rrl.ma, hhl tntoetlnq-I), oaro pld:r<!. raporturtLo prtnlttve ou
va:slou1cle trun:h lLulu.l 0 01.obruI r dar pd ntrsar,d. ralat !a d.c tnor-
va1;;l.o pa oBro o atr6t'E J,nl'l;141.

Dnranhsn - r

Ulg$;i' " QIr$t9iIJtr

(t{crvl. olfaotoril)

Nsr,rll o1l'aoi;lvl sint nerrrJ. son-zorlall oBxo astprd rcF

oo3;21;loaarea niroeul\,t!o Elnt forna!i diln eronlL anlal'hlcl aI oe-.
 .I
'rI
,t; I

rri
l,
.L.r

i. I
I'rlt:l
' ,l.l I

ri1! I
ctt.n nittccoeo pltultarii; acoiJl;ta 0ulltr-'
l.r"rlc,Ior oIf ol i; i'r c g:intl.';z o
'i( l
::ili f
trqt orlflclilo'l{rrno ! clulul 1;o aI..-r cr.;uluL o1;no!1 11,. oa tornlrLd ,:ri
::).:i:
I
prr!n olnapBo cu co]',tlcJo tn1 tr:al.g iilo buL-bul-ul oiferct;1v, .
:-l
!l:l I
lt'i I
rJ-ii.iIIqln " l'{ucoasa oare .irnrelopl;e fa l,;ir lnf or'lotl'-
nlI.ALA tt" I

rd. s lamol c lurulto, c ornotul 3rrporlor r; I ponf ltLnr,a uuperlor-,rii :l) I

,t,':.
|

c s,:p+;ulul n,,::lal (Ilegi-o olfrictorla tunlc,l nucoaea'rurs!), dllerti "i I

iif
I

de por! lunoa reeplrltorle o rucoBe€i n:r:rr:lo, plin prezenlri ce- :il

,i
luolor souzorialo (r:If nctlvo Schultze), -rr,io1rln,l-1-tcr lir,lntro coIu"" ,..;. I
.-:.'l

IaJ-o opltol litlo d.o st.Lu Ilnere. CeIuIeIo o,Lf actlvo rlnt nourcnl
i:lpolari oIu carol iLcnr:rlts 6o tBrmlrd.;.:lntr*o d"1lcri,l!te ('"'eziL-
cuia olfucti'rd) 1a suprefa!a mr:coaso!" D': ira veulcul-d se doer-
prlnd ctllt ,JUactj-'li, lmpleclonaIt ,j.e in.lt,0teniole r,'oIBtl]o ve-
blculato do B€ru] lnsplrat. ,t, L:: I i:.

!l-R.Ai!lcr_ PrJ1i3lRr c: TEF.\',i rl{iTlr . Axcnl! cel.ulolor oI-

f q,rili 1rA qrl ,'-,Doazi"I
C)* *: ln fl1eto OlfactlVs ilecLJ-e1o 91. l.aterele,
str6.bat orlf Ic llIo i.ame1 c!unr lto r1 a".r::p; pe. f oia .!..nf 3rloerl
s bul-lnr1.r! o.l-Jact!c. Pd.bnnc in bulbul r:J"f actfv ?j. cro tornrrid.
p:.,iir ccinltlo:.rr: slnaD"bi,cti (fllcrerru.l-11 oi-;lr:t:i.vl) c:u deililtl:ol-er
c c.L'.rf .;l ci' ni.'; lcl-e,

t' ..\
...6
f';lg, 2: "Nontl L oliq!i!ii{.l
1,.3rJ.bul olf t'lct; lu ; 2. 0eiul. :
T' :'nF- er 1 " A:,"ort1l ceiu.r-or.''j.:
./|,.|J\v.

nit,rer.Le ;'|. Sl.ortera]- olii,:r:'-

\n
',.6 ti'r!; i..Axoni.i cel-ulo.l-or rc']'-
r - ^ !rj.'/-* ut ,..--.-'.:d.
WTY,N rrluU ^ .l-iJIutj-r nO:,V::l Ci,l_*
,.r.-,a.!.r'r.
! clu va. v i i A T,nmr1 olunrj.i;ir ,rr

s'';136i.dulu! 1 ',1,'. Ccrlonu-L rt'u.*

coB G4:l oIjacl;lrre i 8.Co_-ul_ci
'lrr:el-rs, do elte-;lners I ().(lr-
iul-e rlo sus!l-nere' cu llol)-'
-11 ii'un0,r aplcol-d. ou grr:uIe.io
lf lrne:et I I0:1l-.(lelula
Jl:<r16tl oeIulel.
olf ac,-
ol-lao'tlve;
*40 ti.udt 12.001uI d.endilt,al c e-
Iule jr olf aot:Lv,u 1 Il.Vezlcule
olf eo"blve cu o ill olf soi.L-,.1t
,{5 1tl. Gl-larrclele' -Lu!. Bownan, 0u
Beoro!1.e de 1;l'p eoroe.
 l);:, rr'- l;rrt'l-Irl 0t-t ul l[] I) :lju l.uLou j- cIU ftrlUd c.: r.'l1,;,i !rfr,,q_-

m l,e ('p I elri s-r0 a rni:r o €rulu l) rr,,ne l/r.rntn

\/ u v v rrrr-'rcnI I n frBctrtr. 1le
-s1;,rnol--
,..,'l
d rr l.t-t 1 .

ugEl{g!==9lIl9
(i'{or.rua optlcus)

I,{or.v'uI optic (l st B un I}0Iry {lgrlzCI'181 cBrs B slgu-r5. ,re--

j--
ooptlonBr0a etl.mul,.il or v:LzusIl. Arlovii:atuL norv optlc oa bo B
iuat; 1n rstlnE r f 1.lry1 cgDBLl,.rlIt dln s*,;ratuJ neuronllol b;lpolarJ-
( var,L Btrr.lcturet rcrt lnol ) .

I'orma! iunoa l;:tlneb' do ra 'retl'r:d )-a unghlu-l- antero-

ln.bersl al ohlcrr:uLerl opLi':o (clselc colf8ld"€rIatA d-rept nerr optlo),
ore de f ap b sournl"f lc a!!e unul f asctCu.l de substantd albii d'len-
c0f al lc[ (traot;,r]., Bau f ar:clcuiu] opttc).' .AcoeUa eate f o.rnat dln.
a:ronll deritonou.rglllor c,ilt opuj-ce fIlnd, iioecrla inproun'ir cu oa-'
Ica opt1.or1.

Peroo}:oet -I{I
uryry!=9grlpu9pB
(N orv-Lre oor,Llomot ortur: )

llet;e ul nsra/ notor mozencof allo r ou o colnponentA pera-

: lnpu t I.oi. .
Pr:ln c(lapon€ota 3tl eotntltotnotor:Lo lnorreqzI co& rna t
!0ar0 p€iTi;0 a mugchllo1' extrineool ql globr:lut ocul-Bl. ccmpononttl
per;rolutpeilcEi rre|gurrl Booriootlroa ollotql!!'!an& 17t trldoconstrlc-
!la (rerf loxuJ- :f o Urrmo'Uor).

0I1!lIri'LAi-APAi1qiU, FlbroI6 por0chlt III p[rdseso

n6-
z0DO€'f€jlul po ns:r8lnoa uroclla-Ld. B pB(lunoull}cr celgbra}1"
TRil'IErCT.=Do l.a or!glno, norv-ul ooulonotorr
eo ln<lroap-
tE obl:L,r Lna.Lut o ,lnnf arli ql putln tn sue, etr6bsttnd etaSul PoE-
terlor aI batrei. orBnluLulf

,l

. -l
1

,il
.,-tl,: :i
l:l : rt::' :,il
,::l

1qmffiffiSilH!::ii i:
 xI rlc r1r aI.:1tttt'"'11. vorrlrirrbttl l.ti btrlal u-L prooot;ulit1. ci- 1-tir';l--'
rJlan postorlol'i)l o 0n('1 irltl z'ii 1-n iiI'or..: lm,ltr',)c::'of elr.tl lirl;ortr] al-
{1

BlrlusLllul 0uvo|tro u.
-strdbat-o I:roiu,l- tond!:rou ri lirl lr1In.n (inr-ru1..t: torxl:- ,I

l:tourl ootnnlrnlB) prlB cornparL'lmoritul lLniorlo.r-'cl- acou1,-ulc, coml){la\-

tlmont cltUOt Iit n1-reIuI porirlunll arcrll.ale, Iarlill a:f 1u\rrll ol)* \i

'Dltaro cuPorlouro.
=J,.Ltpii 0 o g;iril,.at;ut lnellrl lul lZln,nr o(l\l1c;no1jrlrul
{l

,: jUngo 1n r,pe!lu-l lai;rr-.bulbar

aI olbillBl r rrnd.e enl":e Iumrrllo
BalB termlnnlo, 6uporlilarri' 91 lnf eri-oarA
R,4l{]]]T_tinI.=In primA pBI:t{l B traloc,'bu}ul odu, ooulom0-
rborrrl eBt B Bl"fuitt ln spo! lu} subBrBl)noldia n, iintre f otei Bn! oro ln*
:ferj-oarg. a aBzBncofsl-u.lul qt cI!.ru6,, Este inc;:rrclgiit dtl tralectui-
bran-s'lereal a} artsr'€l carebraJ-o porslerloqre (tn sue) t 81 aI a-n-
'borsl corebeloBU€ {tuD€rloar:e (Lrr Jo'r) '
r' ,:,, . i., -'i''. '=LO' nl.r elUl, elnuSulUl CBV13IILOEr' oCtt.lOBotr:Irtl. .eSte 1- .8

.tuat lnlqlal po fa!a supsrLoa1.E q QrJdstula; J-e jum'lt,ttla d'lstan-

pritn:o-
fet d.Lntre prcc€sels clLnoll-e Anllerioaie qI poetrjrlo{ll.u,
iio !ntr*o dedublar,o o poretalul lat 3rai ai r:iinu.ouIu1, l.;Lpreun.L
,rr-] prlr.*:chee I:/ 91- cr::I0r/uL oftaini: (l::lUa irBrlttlii a i':"LgcinenU-
.l.ul) " in ji;nita'i08, snUel'lteia .r s:lLrltr.:'iu1, pOre ch'':a -l-I-t' u13 ir-
,lleaniL ot;iic l:r ;oFJ r;i- inr1-nt;er , tn:irici;e:rlii ii rlr,il-ec-ilu,l- ti':'i:L-Ii-'a'-
truIu.l gl of 5q1,6!(ju.).r-ri 9i air-rrlger l.rl [rlve'l ';l i:Lsurill c:-"ui-i;Bre e'i-
pe:1.o&r o
"
=LB nlr,elui f isu::!i or-'r:,ta:,r sule.r!oa:la, r)clJ-J-Oixo-i;c
a'.' L

6.oJer dlvirat in OouX:'on'.rii'bel'nj-,1",ie, troc;o p::1-n' cCrirlF!lI'LiDeinftrl

j.nf e,rlor al lnelul-ul :endinoe !linn, lr'i;rs 0briuc€utt ('31rlat I eia-
lal ,l"e g! naroclllsr ( aLr-urat s'tlciei') *
IiI)
!IST.FfIlUTIt. La llvelui jlrurll 0rbhtB'r8 sull'stloa;e,
ocql-onotOrul- s6 !mDsr.te !l .JiuiL l:i,;:r j- dj--/ r3r'[;snbsl :'3nL]-II ::\:p';-
rlcs:4 gl re:'ll:re .L;rielloard.
=Rsnure suPcrlcarS, obiicE in
€u!,, i:ral:,te 91- !nilr:r:'i.i rllr
seto aq€zstd. deesrrpra ller/'.tlu:L oliio, gl so C:letr:1'c'u1,t Ia nuq-
chlul rld-lcdtor 8.I pleoapel euf orlc are rrl ', n mu "e]''1 rr'l c].::ct-','; BLL-
Y* -!q q 4Y

Del:.Lor.
oRaccur'a lnliorlriard, voJ-unlnoaetl d nr.
r rt X - :l a erlbl-m-
ger

ql
rleel;inats urugchll'o! d-rap'! r:c'l I - d:'nrrt irii tt-
pCIrte ln J ranurl
rtor gl obI1o lnJorior'"
 v{- aC
L-L
-L IIA .

i:='
'\\
fl

\
3rj
I
+
 VJ

l. i'ot.'eLol cl r;;.tnlrlol ul or''rltoi; 2, I,).ary;guI oritltrli,,

1a trlt'olul rlaLtttJ-ttlLr1. lnfraorblt;rr; ),;i Inu!p.'l_ mai:1l.orr'6.tl. !).rtr ,r-'
rozlt'otoa nraxllol1 )" Lorna patntlaboni g rrf urrolrlulul | procrr-
aul-s ptor11;rt|rJ-tsi .'/. CunaLul pt, or,lgoldt_!Ll; U. frtInct.B 1;OmpOratulrf l;
9.nrtBrri caiocidli lr,tornii I lq. rtrt-or& ,;,f t;rrl_rnlcii. 11. N"o:rr-Ll_ cp-'
tlc 1 12. Elnueul_cavernoB i L), iiler"ru] ,lrlu-Lonoborl 14. Rsnula
utiporloar:ii a oculonotorul-ul t :.-5, nanrurit 1.rf er.loai'ri a oculooroto'.
rul.ul. o. iiaDura obllculLrl lnfer'lori b. Enmura d,r,eptului l.rde-
rl,or;-o. Ilrrnu-ra-dre_pturul ueillal.; I5. l'{,srwul trochleari L?, Nsr*.
vul gbduconr 1 lB. (jaDgILonu.L eerLllunetr (ir{l0,Br.i 19. llerv.u} of tal.:.
' ^Uo::'vul- laoriruJ- I 2-1. Nerrwur f ::on.t.a L 1' ?2. N,orvrrr, nazc--
20
'rig I | _21..
olIlar No.rvll cll-lar,r. .Lungi_ | ?*. rlcn.tl1lonul
,lrlotna rury3rl, rr6Bn::Itlvi.", a gar€1lonu-1ul, -cil-lar ctlter | ?j. IttL-.
rotorlo, s &*qlflonuful ctrlari 27r. nervll t 26,,Rdniclna
ocr-ut,J._, cillarl ocrucirlp
;28' Nonri:I nrexllarl 29_: Rarou+'s c'rbj,tar:ci e, n,asrrulul ro.ox.!1ar'y ]0.' r
l:iorrml, lnl"r6ior'b1tar. | 1I. G+ng,rlc'nul ef onctrrqlettn I F, lrsmjf
q+4* nn'l ni
,rnn.q'l rrlrr{r,u+q;ln nare l )). Go,nellonul gairlcuiati }li, Nenrul_
'h{mnon{n o'lrr{ Ton.,}'-^- ,(l{- - ?r' *r,---r'
v Auqsrl*v qIu*
gff bf *i
-'1 ^^^f -*l-r.-t--\
si
;r r o fund i 16 . *,, i ?i" iffi*
)
i-fr iiSi :fli? i? : rx *f,"t, H#t i:i;'
perloerol'ldlun t JB. I,Edj.clna olrpatlci. a g;a::gllonulul clllirl

P.

l(
t
t' \--..::.-\.
,|: \i-l,:)
?

l/''
tl

I
_- I A),A
I
-

I'16. 2j, Jl:tt:lbu i1:r noi:v'1.1

t.-
o:: oculc,n.oicr"rr,L
f . l{arlul. t-riuoar ql n.obl!: s'.1;erl crl f ' Ne:vul
oouJ-t>motori r. i{":cleul ICingrir-traetphal (fotomotcr
.-{ ctru?,{e\iq
rr. ^,-^-*i vwL; t 4, l{uc]"eul fi>rngt;omctor aL r:cuiotttcr*
-+-^-\
;orrr--ul ( gen brrl uu,gotr llor t:1,:11<15tcr al' pleoqoel
,rupo::loa::o Ei al u.Crcpt suporlor) I 9. Centn:I lotq-
,rl:1Ir;r dlept Inloilor bl ott:-:: l.uf erlcr | 6. NrroleuI
troi:.LoarLrt-:t 1 7 . 'fiberculll quatl:cIgomgoil {J. hrl}rui;;
9, C::1g1nea ipalenid, o brlgernenulu{I -Itr.-llerv-ul cibdtt-.
oenB gl Lrugchiul <irept labera-L i 11. G"lgllonuL- ctlia::;
L2. Idugchli crepr lnilerlor 9.1 cblio Inferlorl I]. IIu:;-'
chll d.re;rt Fup€:lor g1. rld.lclLtor: aI pleoapol sucerrlofl-.
Ig,
 . l'.tliir,ir-'t.] UU,LIwtlJ-u! J-lIr rrr.1.trr r [l<1 ! l-UUgo, UIIf e In B]lIO-
irl"ore€r orlglnll o rBilmlra dettlnalrl gangltonulul clLlar (of_
sH:LB
taln!c) ir rdrldclos nat€ sau nrrt;orlo (led1x oculonotorLa) a gangllo-'
nuLul c1.11a1, R4diir:loa ocr"iiourot-or!s cor!laer ftbrole paraelmpatl-
,iI c6 pr0gctrrgllona ro 0sr€ so€esc de le nu,:leul. Edln6or'.weetphaJ. ql
,l'iI
:-dl nerg IB gaogllonur clliar unoE fac slnapoB .u neuronll d.o orlgl..
na q
ru A r*
fJ frr.nl nI n/1al:rr,r^,'l
vUU { n-o-.o
L/f'tllt;-LIU..,,tlI-u.

Ocrrlomotorul prlmegte Ln tralectjul edu

.41'L1Sit\JfiOm.
prln p€retele laberr:al BI r:lnusu1u! oavi:rnos, cttova fllete BrrBB-
tomotloo elmpctj-rrer d.o la plexul elmpatlo perloarotldlan, :fllete
deetlnste lnervritiel slmnBtloe e globul-ul oculer.

\J
r----t1rir)
:------\-i$ o

--*--{
41

319'Z'Lro I@]"9. -st-Dg'ry-lL-glritjl' l-g tnt:narsg rn c'!Igu

1. Mugchlul dropt Buporloi | 2, M,rlrop b modlal l ;i, Mo
dropt l.nfor1.or5 4. Il. drept lot'errrl 1 j. Inelul l.ul
Zlpn (tlnnulua tandlnar"re); 6" Contr:rul f lgultl orblta-
t0 Bupotj.oqrel 7o Nerln:l optlot B. lrtora oftalnlod,l
9. Yona of talmlod. lnierloqr6t 9r. Yona oftalmlcti supo-
rloardl I0" Ramu:rq cuB€r,losld a nerrulul cculomotort
l-L' Ram.ura i-nf orioaril a neruulut ooulonotor I 12. Ner.-
Vul nezoolllar | lr" l{en'ul abduoenog 14. N.froolilea:r1
15, i{srn-*rl frcntalg 16. Nervu} laorlmal. . , ..

ffinffir.ffi?YrlEiilE:ffi==qWffiffi-am$1@ffitE8Wmn$Sffimffi*g$ il6gl m
 *9tt *

otor' $o lils t; i c rr.]- o cu1 ornot oru l,u i.,, o t e

lEn1'IO ll[Jl[.r m
i,-

eontat do muqchl.l :rld lcrii;or rir pl.ooapol suprer lLoalc n dropt $li pil*
rl.or, drept msd 1al , dropt' lnf ari.or ql- obltc ,!n.f or1.or,,
Prln oonl?on€nta parirrirnpa1;1.cii cf rrrlr,:Ineo 1i.n' nucj-oul
rdlngon-woetpehal d;[n uozoncof01, cu uinapsii r]re*tr,o8tgong]lanu:,ii
lnr gengllonul c{1la:c, oculomotorur arrlgurd efcr::oni,;a :nofloierlirr
fcrtonott:r, qconod.ator qL d.s cor}velgenld*

T
I

I
{
i\ ,ta \--**
u-./
I
I

.{o
tu

F!8,?5. fioottJqg -fsgpt"qll ia 'tr-1 l-rn I lr'l

,'.'/ vLt1I --i -' ,, i
^,.,-,' ll_:...
U!-llifi .1 i)1.(.rylr r\rr

I' Psrnts,l.e l0tsrsI aL. gin'*eu1ul-l ir,ins rt11ruiH. rniiit.,1*.

llolaldiI 2. lume durq-L+i p:rtfunCC, fl 'uoj:.,?'b1j.'-i,L 1,fiber:,iiJ.:
5, Nsn"ai- ocul,onotonl 1i-o"l{e:lr';.i t::',riii:.l. r,r:r:t i" ll.?.r-;,r.j.'
of talmlo i 5* Nai-vui. a':icuoono I' 7 * :\:tor:r c:r:.':ti0ii j;".
!e rntr t &r Por.p l"unen p cof unJE a elr,u;aul.'r:L r: ft'rs::rr()6 i
?r Porlilunoa s'upor'f Ie iald a I tnueui-i:1. i .''', , ,'1l".rr rr:,': i:r l
1l' Nernrl maxliLsrl I;2" 0anslul ptor'lg::Lrifui :i l.], :irri.,,
proooaolor. ptar16oid.ol 14, Stnueul. efqnoJ"'{al.i l.f. !i.}.;.i-,"-
cla hlpoflril"
 * nc
1) "

P il::ochoa I\r
tiPir)H!;959Lry1148
(llo:,:nrua troch-Learls)

rrjst$ u-p Eo.i.1r motor cr: orl{11ns botBnoolla}loil, d-oatl-nn,b

..r.;:.,",.i;:...1. ururi,:h j.rLlu . obllr: aulrorlor al 61-obulU:|. ocuJar.

:*E.-I"!|UE:I_,41,.1$IUT4 ao gfieeqto po fu'l;a rloreal]r o ho,rort*

,I : !..,j,, 5.t.i,::'-c rnt,ii foootil $Ituqtd zuh tubtlr,:ulll quadrlgo-.
*:.r j. ::.i:li'l:r.'j.or.Le t1,1 c rTarta Ot d.e' nlte n, fr$.ulul.vqhnrlol lul
:.rr:.1:r'ii:rJ.", i' ifl'rt-:ri.u,LtIn'al.J, utrdullnflg suporlo:clo).

,i.,Igi,,,-i!il!,.--|]l -.t;il{)ruUitI,o (a) o Do, Ia or'llgLns, troh}ouulL

.:, ttt,i,i.,:?:;li, :1.:,1, .1,)/i ,:l lnnlnte, f,ncr.:-clq'oszll'fntF Iatofalfi-q i

i . . '..:;;, :.li.ri i" J . n, rB{!{t po' f nla

'bazglil. a enosf elul-ul" (b). EtrH-
,,i:ri., , ,rl.L. i.c :i.113* i.,bii f oea corebral?{ poetorj.oarl ql uJungo lf.n '

.ir- r.., ju i;c:--,,,:,1",,,i {r FjInU.sUlut CSVeI:no,s{ (A ) -. }B-bfUntlrl fntl*-O , . ,

:.;.,i1;:, , 'ii 'i,r:i-'i)i;,:J.t't. J-u:boral sI g'lnueluluJ- oaltorno€, fncrqolryo{*

, '.1;. .,..r1 -.1..: , r:ip piii;mnd-e Ln flo'r-rle orhl'b-q16. nuporiba::H""

,:;, , .,',,', :.
,':.i't: ,,ujr,rju Latqrralll,, tngurthli q f l-surl-l- o:."bttura
i ,' ',,, .r.l ' ,: lilr:iltl.ru€l 'ii onc'l.lnouc , ,;J- a j,ung{i f,I} olb,ltii ,,
'
r, ': $ :if o:.'nl. do i'/ tlf.tlb g':,'fu\la'tt nor rll J.norj-m;rj,'

:j,:,,.r .r:r-.i,i.i.,1,'.,, fu ,.LJ.il.L d.t3, no,f :lon1;a1, d,ll6lluprn rtci'tod'tonriul'

,.,.i,, , i;.,:,,,:.,.:.:.:",it J.'Lnilrllrft, oUb Fr,f lOrril:]. pofgt;r:trfr{- UUpof:lO.r,
:-. ': rtr': r.r. ,lq urrtr-gIno,s cupcrj-on:r')i, tx tdn,)blIo. er.ip*-
-, i;1i r;1.'i'''r 1' ).1- s rozolvil. lin murychluJ- ':bIlo ouporJ'or,
r.j

lflll;,-irllJ-il ,. ,1,] laorvll;to aI troir].oanr}ul, €rxoluslv riro*

;i,... .ii:, r:,rliutrlji..l ,r tti,:.i7Chful oHLl-O auper!or A3- g,lol;ulul OOuIgI,,

llo;oo[gq_[
I tl.i(VtE IRIGE],ttrN
i.: :== :::a====
.:
=;===!:
1-:' i ,,r.rrrr
\1. Mrri c, *T.{ onm{ nrlg )'
r,!i-LlutueE

"r",t'r;11
:,1'i1
j'
'.trr''r :lou.li{.n, onrnr:to::tvat prl,n Ogl.e tro ra'- '
r :ji;i.r ,l r. ,:,j.ir' ,-i, ii:f i;aJ-nli:, n,,mSXJ.IIlI qt ]:'rtllBIICi j,bulAf *. :lf f*
r,,r:::: tr,i!;iLf :t",':, e1 it'b inirJlufllv 8€tlzttl-v',lu in t;ttnp o0 manc'ibu1e- '
irjul: ,:t:l rr,,Lr)'ttLi:'L',, Tr:Lgnm0nul 366npi;IOnC)&U,4 Sonslbll-ltAtOCr
 ' :l"i-

r
']-l'
I ii:.

.lr:,
, ,)_l',.
{g000 ral-il B g,} cb',tIrrI o 0 tiJ- a:' , Lr fo';oj", foi;t'l.ol lu.r:;lrl-ct ?l rt cll'r1.- '.::,i:
,.i;i
+[+11 ]'rnrrll l)r-{rr i:a1-^r1 I nprrTal 1. |l ntn r..r,lt I I
^ n.rr.:j-_ lin
':.ria:'

tloator1. ::l.t,l,l

)_:ilr

il'lgenenuL.6sts consldors,t un n€rv mlxt. deql colo ,. ;)

. rsr
oourl compor0ote Bi-e s{il€ (couzltlvd q1 motr,'r1o) nu rj,l fuzlonoazd ,^:: r

!€nl;rrr I ioroa un trunchl nu:rro6 cololln ni:1r , cI rdraj.rr €opor-dts

'7i{
l,l:l
€ub forxa rdddc!n1.1 s€ozlblvo (Rsd!x_ B€nzcrlu) ql e ::&ddclntl
:..j

'-it
motorll (Xadlx notiorla). ,'i1l
-;:ril
' ,;i

.qgiZITIl/r a trlgemenu:Lu1 lgt ero orl6lnee

CC:rJpNEi{Tn ,rii,
l:-rl

!nt*'u-n gBngllon erltuat extrenevraxlal po i;rr:lactur ::dddclnll

s€n:;ttlvot gaugrtcnul lu! GaEBBT (Gangrj.on s{3ml}unBr,ill B0ngrlo;r .,r:
l;

trlE;anlnals). Dendlltolo ner.uonllor d.ln gang_Llonul lrrl GaBBer, .,

ptl$.€€Bo gangl !onul- pxln nsrBlnoa Ba cntero}ltorarI gl f oxree-
s?l nerv.ll oftalnlo, me:iJ.lar ql oompon€ntq senztttvd. al nand.lbuLin-
nil.url* lxon{lr B.o Brup€sz[ ln unghlr.rr poebcr:Lor ai gepBltqnurul 'i:i:-
:,),:
pontrn' B forna rdd.S.olua eenzltlvE, a fiil6encnrrlul (tortlo' naJor) g 'r-,i(
.ai
: .il
,rndlx s€nsorla); , .'i ij, .:1 'l; i.ir J. ' i-: r:
;liirl!:i
Gapgl-ljnu] lul !asqo.r ars f om€ unol senllr-Lne sq,u s unuJ
'bcrb
d.o fesolo trti:tl; co eus ln joai eulta;rrlln nerginoa sa oon.re-. ."1
.i{
-xr^, untercralolr:iii, nur,ril- ,:,ftairnlc, rurrLer q1. ocn!.onentg eoasL-. .il
..i i
bl.rd. a nandlhr"r,aruLul. Ual.;_ nee ocortevd. eair, nliul 3lnglionului ,,fi i
;:i
rsn,lt€ rrxonl{ ocnal;ltuiivl si riLcld.oir:t! earsll;:lvo. !c Lnooput, il
iao ngtta rLnt lzoIa!1, :real irtnrl poetolior qJ- me,c.laI c.e ga+|fon
,r,

:if
i

\1n &!0€s!eo do iJ.'oro cu as-li€of pIuxi.:lorsrr i:1.a:crl tr!-ur:,g!ri,r|!r.

lJn;51uI poorollo: aI p.Lon:ul oe oontl.::'-ll. ,cu .f eaolr:ur.u] gro;: al.
:dt1dotn1l son itlye.
Plarrri tllu:ighlular gl gungllon.u.i semliurer eint si*
iruats Ltrb:*c f osolx. (rnpreseio trlg,lntrl) rlo ;pe f a'[a antsrorrup€- it
:lloarrE a aiiaoil tampo:aiuj.ut. EIenonte16 a€lrroeeo rint. oon!lnu- -.1

t;e lni;po d,o,i^ubl.are a uurtl na'u'ort oavil,-arsq,LuI M,:okeI. Ca'rl:r:- '1

los lttl Mrckel anlbe proiurglrl oaro lnooNoso rsru:lle 'i;rigemenu-, l=-i

1.ul'plnd 1a orlllcllle da i.eE|r.e dl:r orRnl.rl s.Le aooetora. poet€-- 1l

::lorr oayitatoe lul Meoksl prarlnt'A un oxl,flo.lu oetec,f lbroa prln
oero rEd.[o1na B6nxltlvil pf,rd.seste loJa durgllir:tiouui ortf lo!u il
oirte <Loltnltet lnt:re {mtzura trlgerninl Ornilber:e d.e pe margtnea i1
oupr'rLoarL a ntLnolt, gl clrclumf erl:r!a na:o,"Et oortulul bsrebe- i,il

J.u1ul, ln oare estc oon!tnut slnuerr-l plctncs Eup€rlor'."'r 'rr il

:{
rJ

rl
.il
.:, j
'r'll
l:.::l'

PtmffiHffifinffiIifrFf']
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a1.:j
Pr.ln lnt orrned.!ul- l nvel- lr;r-rlul dr-r-r'aI al- cavLtd!ll Iul-
Uookele ggngllonul Bsmllunsr sB pune ln re;rortt medla1, cu per€-.
tals latsral al Elnuuulul oaverooc tl ou norvtt IIl ql IYt ]s-
;;.:).
';,

' '::: ::
teral j or-i arterq ueningee ned!o1 l-n irus, cur Iobul- temporol eI
i"1,

,:,1
,liil
.:i:il eulefanr,lul oerolrr8lo \ .,::
,::
(Portlo maJor'1 ladlx eenzorla)
RAddc:Lnn'e enz1-1;lvri
e e fomesztt Is turghluJ' poaterlor al ploxuJ-u:l tnrnghlulsr. Ptirb.-
',; tii,
::ljl
.l :l

ooBte oa'rltatea -Lut Meokel. , gl mergo poetpr'lor, lnf srlor ql no-

:l'
:,-
,;,:,

d.lal, s"p:cB f ala anterloarli. a pun!lI, In tfe le<;tul- eHu prln ota-
....;l ]

Jul poet lrl-or aJ bazsl crunlulr:1, rddricluei aerlzltlvE (tnso!ltI

do o oa rorrbc,rl-e ), se puno 5-n raport t noclial , cu elnueuJ pletroo
lnf srlor gl. cu nor'{ul abd.r-Lcenol.lqtol'cr-:-1 ou; rorvll yIIi VII ble
gl VIII 1 l.n aua r cu artero o erobeloe ed s1p€rr1osr6. r nermrl IV,
puntoa 4L enlsf e::sle oerobol,orleo 1 ln Jpe ' qi. lualnto, ou fata
h^dtoqorrna7{
iJL'iJ U(Jrui]rftlrI
nnlii
IvtlIal. cl p*rf
n nnj'lJ-I
g UIuu a-nnnolrrirr{
fvULUyUI clIuJ-L+J-a l

Orlelnaq apqrerrtE" B[d6olnq eonztttvd a trlgem.enului

pX.';rr;ldo iir puntc Iu Iirirti;a <litrtre fatll antortoard. a printil gt'
':-l-:-_-;-_

f e ta sn'b Brc'l,ei;ela1ii e pedunorllului o 0I'6berloe mlJloo lu. lnt o-

rlor gt n'.clal o-o rB.citioina 6ooxltl'rd Bo gAe a91;e orlglnos Bpcrentd
e r4d.J.c 1:r I l. motor: Il o
gCMFirWTA. bIOTQRIS (lortto trlnort radlx notorla),
rr5-rH.segto p,untoc (ortglrea apa::on'bE ) anterl.o:r gl nedlal de rd- '

cl.Lclrru erlcz;l'b lvd,

TqatSlLji-ra]ljE'bui'i-o Do ]a orlg;Inee aparentei, fibrs-
t6 riiciilc:i.eJ.l rnotOrtl. so pJ.aaearid moclla- ds rd<iHolna eenzltlvH,
!.m5,re.rni cu oare mrJrg obl j.o f.i:uini;o qi ln crue" Dupd. un sour!
tlalooi; , so a qoe ild. €rub rEiEclnq senzltl,vH , lncruolgeqzE. marglnoq
srrperloa;il q stlnoltu gt p6trun4 ln cavltat;os }ul lleckel. In o8*
rlii;a'bes ;tuj. Msokol rld.riclna notorto esto p1.asqti1 sub gqn8llonul
., | ^- - - r..-l.y,r: onao,i:a o{ tr'l annOpl rltff'n, u-L al nov{i:ij{-{{^
uqvlut-Ltyr'11 }lU
,lLiI UflU0'Jfr AnUI'{l AOOS-tiaz lr,v'--
soh1-mbd 1!c1 uu llel- cle fli:rei cLI gangllonul. Sre LndreaptS' Obllo
?*^ i,.{-n ,r{ nrr{-{
IiIUI-UVU pU!llll r IUt1-'.|1Iag
ryf
lnr,f orX nXi;nrnd
PCIUIuirurJ n Il^
f rr, nr^nl llng|}0A wrq4q
lrrqllrrrb&rvu dUfAl[ 0AfS
!

'inbo!egt j-tlv6., volumlnos eIL a mand-tbulanrlut e

r:i c otopor'entB e enz ,,.,,

CU COre se JUzlC,nesz6. peni;ru A form8 \ln neln' mlxt. tr'UzlUnOa Cr,

l-of rl.oUd compon€nt0 gI0 mandlbulsl'u"Itlly Ee produoo Iq nlYele va1,,
rtabil-e1 !n opat;Iul d-Int'o 8an/lllonul lut 0assor 9l gBura :Y6l'd'

Fffisffi-8ffii#ffi4,itH,ffiffiffi. ffiF..#S€Wfiffiffiffi r-,FiFi.lr,iiwpm!w+qF-':r:ir

 ' ,'(\ --
[' ti b0.]rrl. ar baz'l cr.61 r]rur u1 , ,3por,tur110
:rirliicrnlr rnotorll 0rut'octor'!or acoJ-oor,r1 cfi gl a10 r:iIddorn11
senzttLvQ.
DJ,r/r:.r'r ,r q.:i),,,3e:,,,:..-.l.tI :I ;i,.i ;;..i_,,
1J ,rr ,,.::unchl ErI_
6on1.naJ ri:i1o; ,.;Bre ci o.{ conpononte, eonzl,,irvI qt mot; orrs
rrrmrn
rifip,9.r-'ilir..r 1;0 fr-rt bralootul ior-, ds 14
0rlgt;.ou apororrt;d ptnd. Ia
g6nsltonui l.ul GuBe€r"
La n1veILrl f elol anteroerrperloa:cs rl ,atilcl l (f
oea 06'_
r'oirrcrJ'Lr
;-*hr.ol rur:urU./ r to conrttrtutg'Brnurl.ro
il nrrzllo)
trl6eUr'nul-urr
:Booz1t1v€t_n. ofbalmlc I
*fio maxilar g

'nLrb5 r -rl r ma nd" 1 bula r .

].tWryUL jjtju,trc (Nerrrre ophtLraluitous)

;-;,-' r.'i rets' 'lnj n€rar eenz 1-tlv,
sr cdrut te.rrtor.lu perlf er!o
(de i'as*;-,i1.e) eeto consiiltuli; d.e r col_,a doud tretrl anierioare
ura 1!s]-+"il ,fronlg ooc lpitalo, roglunea aprrnoeuoasd porg
, lunea
med lalu."'n preioapolor euoorloerd.
$r Lrrf srloard, do'eut',ruuiuf "
oonJuuo'bi'ra g! bulbul ocularn
lrisromr-c uuoroecopro, €o ooneld.o16.,od. !gt unexaer,E
';'.1 itr'l E:la6ilon palae lmpatlc r gang)-1o'ul oi.rler sau ,:ftatmlo
( ii rl r-,6i- itru cllla::tr')
+

Dtnrctu"reS-u ileivur ofrarnl.o sete :fcr:inat i1L:r dendrlrer:o

ll::ili i i1.1. gi.,l.gl-J-,:nr-Li l-ul GaBs€r,

s:t nrilnrunin of talnloutr p)-cao.{. dln oor!!u-

-.
i\d,& Er6d.ic.d
.Will
a ga:gllcnuiui l"uL Gaeeer,, ao lndloartH obJ.1o ln
j.ni;o &Er
,ila E:1. rnaariiiu, a;r:nglnd ln pqrt€a tni----------------er::loeril q perof
eluJ.
j,afir'rul ul. :ll.er:s1rr'i" oBVBrnoE" Fero\rrge;lqpo,he1.e
1otq.p!, a_l et_
::trin:-1,:.iJ".cont:tnut Lntn-o rlodu.nlare e.,sccotui.i+, prea!r:ii:ilu.i
butfa
1'Ltri.r'oi"a flzurll orbitaro zuperioale, sd.
ab i.upertr. fa :raourLLr
$ili,; li6r'1nlnAlo t norrn-rI nau o01l lar, n€F/-ul, f.*ntaJ g1.nerrul
-L lo::iural ?

.tr poratele rrtsrsl a] j.n.uoul-ui- c e.rornoe

, noraur of-
e
trrni'c aaho aliuat tnl!1aI eub ne'vil trohiear ry!. ocurrlnotor,
ip'ol, urox obllo fn Bus gr Lnetnto, f,:mnrolgfut fa!a L;rtcraLH,
,l qlYll*ctor'ul"ul i.nt::*ua punot gltuat rntrrlor inoruorrrH,rll
di"ptrg aoeeta gtr i:rohraar. rned.la! dup[ tnoruolgare, ot?ta].nlour
or,:lts r.smurllc s€io tsnnlnaLo. Xedtrl d.l n. ,rfilainto arl glecao
$l"c;nantele oonlrlnut(i La akilE^dr BD,vcro,our rrter0 osrobld.{ lnterr_

{f
n-a qr i n' acrjuoett:.t. IruL*:r'u.i., plirr r v IIItJ
"l
ln -.^*^-+
ruPv! I nrr
uu n'fnr'l
rurrr^a
+^,^^^n,.
uuruIJUrl]-Lr l

La
{3
e6 ),
2?-.--..

fA-
+v\

') rt 4B

Flp;. !6. Fherrrn clistrlbuJ;1ol-ramu:'llol .nenrrrlul trtKomsn

l; li.nBzoolllarl .2,, Gangllonul q:1f-qi).N'frontal1,
4; N;ra"rio"I-i. tli' ocul6uotor1. 6"N.ab*ugenqi ?... -{!.!rooh-
l-iari e. n6d{oins uotorlc 9I0.til6etnonulutt-9. Rtld.dolna
0ag*1.1onu1 Gaseort 11, N;
;;;ltl"U''. trlgeurenulull
I lr. ry.nandlbul-arl .14. N.
oitalrto 1 ia.-Cu,o6;.Ll.nu1:9!toproi.rnzl3
b.r;;1i-i9. Hsrull'ben:poral! ]5r {.pterlgolgf"-
Iatorel I lB.'
nulul muOiaf i-fi, :Ve::iuf pteilgotdlarmlul
ff u.r7"f ftngurif i'i9, ruqoUllor teneoi eI rldlo[tor al ln-
U.nl1'ontofAtant 29. l{ralvoolar
i;"i;;t-21';-1i;*1i- 2]-' N'man-
vlllutruL puiuiio 1-i12" Gangllonu1 zubmaodlbularl ptorl-
i;$t;;t'il;'Ganerlinuj-Eltitoqqat I 2^2' Gansri'onul
tiervul_laorlnal
sopalatlni Is."ffi"^rl-r"rraor-,tltari
ei,-nnt*i ?7.
tltcratd,3
1

2;:-lr;ffiI *p*uorbttarf 30. Rauu'ra '

nodtalflr . . . i r] I

.,i ii;r1'
iiir tiir,
 IlJl,(llti [ /'71],1'y1q ;--
._ - n /!../,,-!tr\r,,/!. f lJ r,L,{jlOCUr
,.9:.of !":i11.. Lo r
1". iltnrrr.l mj-ci clesb-J.n{.lto if'rturf
Ioolu durel mBto.r (.1ln ebuJuI ,lL -
al endobazol,
')n
t'. f\rtlt1 rnaln roo 5rrr.h; I:_onU.L,_rJ.
\rlll rocuront lul (lar;
s0r, s01tjB r.r ,9f-
0.1 l-ut .Arlo1d, d est lnai;
co:rbulu,.i croIobeIuIul (!euruir
bontorll).
1' cttorq frrete, 0€ €coree;-t trohlee:rJlUlr po
piirdr:oso Bpolr pontru a rnerva csr(r,-r
tot cortLLr- ctiroberr.lrur (ner.ru1
oorJor ol iiejr_./ul.ul reoursnt ,ilc_
Arnoll).
xlL'lunr I'ER,irjIfi (r). NTRVTJ-L r\.Ar.ocrLrrIr.
glnoa f.n oJralmlc in porotole rgl ere o.r::L_
irinuuulul o
vrror rronrar. qr r.""i;;ir';" ;;:;;;;;;
lsisrar'xanurq rnf erroa:d. a oculomotoru'ur-r ililffii,,'lffJiljlln,,,,*
tI prtn' compe.L''rmontuj- tnierror e ] g! rn orbJ._
l:r orbii6, nerrnrr nazo0lrlar rr.i,rir.r
-r,ratn!g'dtnrnder
tonrl j_n.oe Zrnn. .A JiLri,s .,:
nerg;o otri,, .,,,.-,

t:ceotnd' rnpreuna ou"arta:rs ;;-#gtru, ,!i

ortel;lcri pe ouurop"rr :-eirirr_ui optl.' tf
v:L pe elrb rugc'tur cr-rrri su-rerror"
a d'r'epturul eu:rorlor', oe rnciroaptu La n:ru:ri'*;,";;;,i *"urrr.,
r'rLl- nodlal er obr:cur -r rouirri,;;1r;;;i;;;;- d.rep_
supollol. juna i. oruuiui r>nrJroi.uiur_
bi.tar gt. crir.eiul_u1 o.bnol.ctar or,-.
ani,_o:.lor, normr ;;;",, ;;rui-*n
pSrrr a ln couii rauLrr iu_
r'erniac1.l nr:r-v-ciJ- 1u-f;retrohlfiilr. qi
etn,rldal eni€:rloro ner-rur

_Rsnrqrl coL_qLzr"IL rn treloc:iLl

'rul nszocllir::: emlte sub f orma de oole;o:ra]_cedu l::t::qrrrbliei, .:.rr.r.:,
t
I " l?6dHc {na lungH Banz,:-i;i.v5
r ( seru auporl,oar{)
a t.q n_.
(Ramuo conmu:rroer€
tr6ry.,,,,ueoo j.i-i'rrs
:i,i::f:irf::j: cu,i s,,,a-.
I
I

I
z, iiorvll clitari hrngl (l{n, oilll"arss l,,l
,l

z-tt ftroro n.:-roaso Q€re rcngr,) r giot t.'l

ca{:r
.;^;;;:r.r olir."r ecurlr pie_
";;;ri,rJiTlt"oour*
,'I
.rI
<lln sensironur oJ.rrer,
'rp"uuor
errabqt s=arr;;;.
bar' gl. so razolvH la globul i .,,...,; ..
ooulor. :._ ,1
]' lrervul ctno10.a1 posi,srl0r Lu.s,:blia (no,",rrr,, uthro- :,1
tdailg poetorlorr sau elonoeboetdal.. par**r, 'l
tdal poeierior g{ so ;.';;;r;;irir_ .rro- I

ra calulore "."trt"n t" *,oooea eliru.ur*r;r;;;;ilar

r* rrro*'*. qr
,l
,{
etm'tdar_o poetorroara, .l1l
I

,iJ
,', I
'-1

,1
;1

+l
.ll

',i
l1
'rj
rl
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il8trlur,1 0BrminBIB. (a) . frsr-vlll- ln{rs,trQahskr (l{.lnf ra_,..

' :
l\':
innnh.llrrn1o)8aun8zB18Xt€Innnnf]nrrX}-a1octt:Inervutu1;o"o-'.
!r4
-rJ /

0!llar In ru:rgul ru16lnll lnfsrlo€rs B obrlcurul euporlor, rn a-,

lorplolsq..bo,',el orbttol sg temlnE prJ-n rsfiull d.eetlnator odlro'
laorlmelo,' (oarcnorrle lao.rlraaIil, cond.uotolo laorlm.elsr BBCuI l-a-i
crlual, oenalu.I -rrorlnon.qzal)t por!lunlt mod-taro a pleoaporor -
supsrlcard qt lnf orloarH. g roglunll lnteraprf.noonoaBe I ptelll
*^s+ {,'*.1 { ou1,,€:nloens t d,osnJu! naBululr ptn{"Ia
1.,ur vruur,r- lxsrglnos lnf erlca-
rd a oa se.I @ nazel o.
(b)n Hern:I a'lmoldul nntoltor (N.othnoldelle antor-lor')
sau nqnsl lntorn. 8e doq2rtndo ln un8ht drept d"ln nerrrul na.zool-,
. :.
llar, morlg€ mxllal. gl ss qngaJeazH In oana1uJ"
.

otm,oC-d.el aotorlor,
. .,
:.1
prl-n Inte.rrnedtrrl :frrutu uJulse ln grgritir pf fale zupsrdoard
]amol olu.mlto a otnoldu.Lul. Do aj-oI oobqarJ. ln f,oaa ngzslH prt!."' I
&a.urq otmold.a1lll Bltust[ fui parteq ontorloard a lanro! otunrtte,
Bl ooparabA d.o,:rlgta ga.Ll.t prtn fents obmold€IA. lJurry lq foea
nssalH. ne:i'vul. otmoldql irrt er!or urtu' ui*ui'to' po"tiat enteirlo*"U
a aopt'uluil naza.I, g,l ee limparbe ln r do gtar-e lanalr{
rcrarrrr! nedlal.o (ramuri pagqJ-o antqrloare 91 nod.lelo)
oqro furerrroagJ. rgilrooBsa porflu+lt antoqloar:o Fl auper{oaro a soIF
tulul nnral (r::rneaqlss lLntqrnl) 1

sreulf,l lqtoral-s (Xr,na,oales ]ateteJ-crs) g*p naraLs ar

terloare gl 1,a'beralo, osld lnorvoasd. BuooaBs porllunll a,rporloar'e
a porotalut ].atl,ore)- nI foealor nqcalss Unc dln qoeete rormrl,
naealla exte,rnur), t:rooe 'pe eub
d.oauni.til. nornr nracc,Iobsr (,raro.ro
narglnac iLnf eri.,>ar$ s oasolor .naaal6 gl lne:rreaz[ plole a Jum6-
tItlf Lrforlc'arra a d.omlul nasulul pt lohrlul naeu1ul.
(2). fxfiVUTl FROI{I.{L (l{.frontalta)r'I91 are orlglnea
i.n n.of'bal.nlo 5.n p,errtalo latcral aI slnuenrlut oaverncla, tntro
trohlsa:n fll laa:r'lrnaL. Idetreas& aoeastd. alt,ua!1c lnt1p oel dol -
nonrl, gl la nl.-relul f ler.rrll orblters euperlcare prln oa:ro'pA- '
trund.s lln orbtt'ii. N,front;a} pdtru:rdo In orbltH trsoind J.ateral
dc lnolul tandlrros Zlnnq norvul trohLe'sr eete plaeat modlal.j;:r'i'ii
d'o "'.

front'al, larlarrrlmaluL oste eltuat l-ateral-'d.e frorrtal-. '' '

Inor.bl.tA1!6f\'rI}nr'ontaImerg0dtnapo1lna1nto,!nti.e
rid10[toru] pLe$Bpo! euporlosre (eltuat tn ioa) 9i perloetut'
tnranulul orbit of (ln eus) .Pu!ln lnepola nar8lnll sup€lio8ru " ,.,,.,,.,,,
baza! o:l'bito!e E&u, la nivolul aoeetela, nerwul frontal ec''blfur-:'r:";'.rr;l
ofl lnt ,,,1,;:r1;,'s ,i
,.. ,,11 1.:.,,,..,,'.
.l ,l ,,.',., ,,i'....
;'
il ' 'i'tt; ;t.':
rl
- ri : . .. ; , ',' i.,:r'tiii.ii,, t
|@1ffiY
tJi*l$l$. !EB!i-.-'.1*;-i. i-:-,11
- 'i":l:i:I,ffi!ffiS$ffimffiffiffi t@w
 IO? -

lioryul mrpraorblt'ar (ll. uupra,:rtr.LioIle) sau f rontsl

s..
oxtorn, oaro prln gaurB sulraorblhnr:ri oJLrnlle pe fa1;a profund,[
,a murT'rhlulul f rontal. Emlto I rnmltrl accenCento cBr(] etrdbat uug-
,:hlu.l- frontal g1 eJun€ Ia plolon rep;1-unll:frontale pe car€ o
Inorveazd,; ramr:rl doecondente etcu pirlpebrei-Lre oB:g lnerroazil ple-
:Loa JumdtS.!ll nedlalq a plooapel eul,erloaro I preouul gl oonJuno- .\!

-blva palpobrslAl ramura osoaoil , cEr€r dln gtrtrr6. lrupra)rbltar5.

pdtrundo tn dlploo gl aJun6e le tcuooaea slntreurilot' frontele.
b. Norm} aupratrohleal €su frcrrtal. lntern. leee dln
orbl.bd Lntrs neryul arpraorbltoq gt trohl eoq 'd.e refltt:rle e uu9-
ohlu.Lul oblJ.o ouperlor, Smlto reuurl frontaLe psnuru .porloet gl .':'.
;riol,o3-frunll!1 rauu:'! palpetjrale pentru pJ.eoapa er:po:rloerAl rB- .rir.
;:i
muri uaraie pontnr pLe3"ea rogluni!' tntereprj.ncenoqeo ql pentr"J. 'li
d.o eul ps sulul.
.:'i:
/r\- l',IEXyW IAORIX{AI f.ql ele orlglnoa in n.oftalmlo .Li
;tl
,::'
..a':: , '. :.,;.:1: ,,' -' l ; , .;..ir' r -.r: .::f,,:,:.n,:i,.i.
.1't
lo
.{.-
: :'rlt'.
p,l*oteIe Iatsrs.l, al elnueulul.'oavernog'r dedosubtul ntfrontaf
:
::ii
::1:

oaro--l s,opqrH. de'trohl€sri qt dbaflrpre rauu:ril ouperlra"r a oou- r!il

f,i,
lonotorululf Uiter'for, reportu{t1o Ior se ncdtflcd. liltrund.e !n :.r;-:.

,1:t l

rrrhJ lrH n-i n nnaieA IeterelE q f leurlJ. orbltara dupsx:rlare, avin6

44vs+*J, va v+V
::,'a I,

.:ril
modJ"al- do er, alnafarE lcI.Llntru.; nervtl frcrriai gi t:-r,rhlear'gl
conpsrtlmonb:ri lpJor'rcr'e.L l:reLpl"ul lul Zlii:r, Ee,npI:i,,:d x€ Dexe-
tele laf {rrrr ar orblr el, 31 u:.orpe f nr i:rte t:. l:r::,:ur rrllrglnll su-
po:Loare a r,-r;ohluiui cr:ept l-eter:l .
., .. !o traleotul eilu ln iungul poreisl.:1 lelta:',tl- aI crbj.-
tet, a'o lnparte tnt
a! r:Bm'!r.IB l.etsraI,J., cero eu rau.i.flc5. l-a l;l-anCa la- ','1
,i.il
orlmcr15. tr :.1
,il
bi o rsmura noCl.a)-5., cars B6 r.atrLlilcL l_s 1 :Ler ea ieglu- I.:"1

all .tronporaic Ai 1e :rrel cA t-s1l!l iatorqis e pi.ooapi.i erperj-cR1'e, rl

:,. i
I
i:'r:,

.{oeeertd r.amuri{ Ea ana'etonor,oaztr prinbr-o ar,,,ailH' nltl,tr,i:a pe pereta,- ,r.ril

,;.::
I
Le lgtera1 sI orblielr 0u norvul atgomatlo, r,emu-rH a nernrulul nexl*, ,, .1
:_l

-1ar (.rsmus oomnunlcnne cun aen/o zlgouiattoo)n Dl:r €oeqstd arced.I :a:!I
,'i
ansetonotlcd. !Ieao5. rafiuxl Ieorlnaj.€ gi n6tvlr.l 4Jgomr.1;lootenpo- 'l
I
n-'l
ICl.i.r
* '; )

elmpertlo d,o elna'pod. lntre f tbrelo pro g! pontgangllorrrtre d.eetlna-

to gl.obulul ooular.
 l,- ]
-].t/.J

Do fo:rnnrL lratn-rletora, turtl:; ln eone tranworsBl - . qq4t ,

6;r,rngllonu-l- o 111a:r ee'bo e ltuat 1n orblbri, p€ f ata latora16. a por*- ,r.

'f'1rrn1{ nnotpr{r,o'no 6 5p-5 llrrl nnJ:l^ fr rrnol"lrrl r1 {nt-a -{n^a.,rrr

I o mugchtlor dr€l)t Bup€lLor ql tlrepb Iatdrsl r

- Fenrrl.Ie afrrrer-rt€ cera soBoso 1r grngllon elntt
Br ldcldo tntt Iunga (Ramus ccmmunloanE orJn nrna€oclltar:1)
Bi.r\l ddnultlvx 0slrB o ool-aterald a nazocltrlarulut, oere eosogto
f+r ,rI rrn ch
u^rL)AA J rrl nn uote'l n- rl.rlt ,rrrnrrt '1 or nl c'nnp'i
e vr. av4 'f ur{tr.L
{}\ OnUlUl.
b. RilcLdoIna elcurtS. (Radlx oculouotorta) 60rogte tB
'-rn5!1uI poetorrlnfe-rlo:r al gangIlonulul, ventnd d.r 1a rsnura
ootrJonotoruLul C.oetIna bli obLlculul' lnf orlol. ..toeaetl'.rauur[ | i

acrluroo f lbro pBrraslrnpetilo€ pro€artrgLlonaro,, plegate

$g_,f-u.luole,p).,
Iul Edlngor*Weofptra)-, :f lbro oqre pfp.[ at,ot .gu glueb traleotu.L '
I
'

o<: r:louotor:\rlul, Irfblol- s post8angl lonaro: ulrne BEL traleotul gt swr,u.

lolor gengllon'ulr-rl otl-i-,a:: qt aiung fT afiluoferul- py.pflar, a9.l-gu-.

'a"o*'"
rl.rd" lrld.ooons.brJ.c!ls ,(r:ofl€l-ul f"otomlfor),, 3o'ipola4t '
(i:lla rad.lx ooulonoi;or:!a) 1 aJun6 iu suo€:-ld.qi, f rqif-a pr,aifr,p.. ,

gl.1oneroa1s.rgf].oxtrItt1cigeoomo<j.arerylo,ouvergon!fi.:
ltib:rsl-o poiJ,t€inngllonaro urmensH., treleotul of oranplor
6lcgltonulul olll-ar qJ- e() d-!str!bu{.e lr ruugohlu} olllar, aslgu*.
ll..c.d.aoomd'Bro,3clrigtet.IJ-rr.lan5',..'-.'
o, .lH.i-dc i.nn c impettc d. (F.arnue rynpathlcrre ed g3nt{f lon' '

ol..Llaro), eoeo,gl'o dr; '1.rg ploxrl oiupatlc portoerotidlan gl pH-

tn,:nda ln crblbt lmprer-rnii ou nErvul nazoolliar.
-IgFrgl.Ie ejlqru!-?, pleac[ d.ln narglaoa ant.erlosrd a
ger16Ilonulu! o.rb for:na ne:rrLJor otllarl acur!l (Nn-otllarae
b::ovoa). loeqt:La Be.olrg'{rnLro'azl\. tntr*un grup auporior 91.un gn p
ln:lorlor, deeo::lt-r nuneiros sa elnuoztt4!1 tn grdeirnoa epe!lulut
rrltrobulbar, apoJ-, .ir&1;:rund tn' bulbut ocular perforln,l solero-
i{ ,no f n {,rnr'l crj.f tr:!r.rlrrt d"o lntrgre Bl- ngrrruruL opttc. urrnea-
zlli ln oontlnua:po ui. t:ral.oct zubscleral norldlan, prln lsmtna i ,",
f'Lreoa gt sa 16:ol.vd. 1a er:lerotloH, ooroldE, mugohlul clllar,
Ir'ls ryt cornee, ,:

2. ll"EjUUl-!,lUiILAR (N ervuc nnxlllarls),

Eete rin nelrv Bsnzltlv AI cdrut torlborlu tie rocep!!o .

orit,o roprezent Rt d.o p.LoIoa ar!p11or nasulul, o parto a *l9o!,i"if,rn,.l

f ceiolol nBz, aI0, pleleg reglunll Bonl€n0, buzn suporloRIir 91 nu"

M,,fr,#tffi/'E-,iF.SffiffiFffiffi ffiF]
 -.i.--
'.; ]

porel,oj-ul sttpt.rllol al cavi.L;itr1. I i-uccr -l ti. t)]:ocum r)l do mr-

^nrlna
oooao slnuculul maxllar 'r

,Aro ansxitt- r-rn LiJtujll.(.)r.r p{tua[J Inp,e'b1.c t Bgngllonu]- ef e-,

n,tpclntln u *ul l,leckoI etttr,.;iri1;l.1.on pt;o':;71r;oneIBt:1:1um.
S1;ntcturu], e8t0 f olorat cin clran,clr:ltele noultonllor
d:ln gangllonul lul Gasu€r..
TIiArllc'Uir nAFOtiT'uRr. ){orvur. meiilier p.Leucii d1n mar-
g:Lnoa a oterolaieralii a l3ungl lonurul lut rl0 us0re 1:rbro nervll
ojltalnlc, cltuat moCiaJ-, ql norvul mandlbul.ur, cl;r:at lateral.
Tr:avsreeazd. obllc lrr0j-nro gl inaferS. otaJul. nlJlor;lu ar endoba-
zoln PArS.eor,l1,-o cranlul lrln gaura rotulc;i (canall:: rotund"us)
qi. aJunge 1n pa::tea superloarii b foao! ri;or,lgopalrriblne, StrEba,-
"f.os.1,
tcr saBlt a! eceautli gi ojungo i: oli:ttil prin :f iaurc lbitt-
tp*X ,l rrflerlOalF. Tn nrh'lJ:{
v! p+v4,
-l-li*.lr.t
nantrr'l -,rfnr^-hl{rl-
j.u{yru-
va,^J r..g s-*vq4ua rs ^CirnX
vvuu4 r,.r+-.qv_
itq..y*_ v*vv_,

sprol canalul lnfraorbltar" nanr.ra s,e ternrlrrarl :eprr:eo'1n

par"u-ba
pr.ofund[I ..a f et.e1 prln folanon j-nfraorbftsle-
r, \i
' =rn elaJul mlJi.oclu ar: bazbl cre'nLuluf lroiseici-enlJ. I J.. ". :--. ., ^

ned-la) , n,ne:<lJei' pu,.e lr :rpcrt g rn Joc , cu Bt.lpa maro e

"o
ouulul fljanolf t.r **f n .a*!
rrr;s. c.ri I olrL:i ijdinDC:r..1. aJ- enle:l .rlu*ui co-cn-
brsl I notLlcl " cu nf cf ;el-n:-c Ai'cu elnueu.L cav,:rnoir'','l urLl(')il I 1'otu'"."''.r
Lcuord.L 9 clJ -"
nr:nr,r,l mnnrJl.?rrr,rr t

=in f ':cd pi,'et.i-gopaiatilrl, e€ ituna :in :r1j)ori; i meoiai,

ou 1;liagllonu* pto::1gcpc-a:-i,n; li:. jcrl , p:1:r'::i., ll-.-rI:::c-i)c:T eete
:'spr:oz,snt::t i'a artoro, muxliari iaborn& (.i,,r:x!)-Ia:,:Ls) 'gl'raaurtll-o
ool eterels ca.re pJ-eacd. ein ee ra ,3ca€ u* n.l.ve.l qlur,:,:a cenalurul
l-be.r1Eo jclsr (a 'palatirc c€ecerdr,ntd artera
"vlciand.) , a:tera "
p,rls";lnd. ne:e, eriora lrjt,gorbiierd, I'Ior.rul maxlli:l ocuD5 nor-
!lunea euporl:erd e foce, cto::1-go'ps;ail-:ri g1 este j-ncoo.1u"n, U,
otmoefsra grdeoaed. care unpla apa!Llie li.cere aLe :1osei",
-N.ma:<J-1ar a junge tn o.rbttd. t;'e,cLu1 pr1.:r pcr!i-unea
mlJ-l.oc1e a fleul!j- or'cita::: ln-{erJ,care" r;} €e lnsj.:rlueszd. l,ntre
perloetul orbltar' gl genfrr-l !mla:lblisr,, ,9r)a lnoil;,nu esto cop-" '

yri.r\..i, frrr
i'{rrrr}' ^ Bpuyroi-
^'.^!l'.'l retrobLribsl
-^J'-^}-.1'^-* cl
^r l;r
{.- -----!.t,.1
upa!iu,1 €xIrBp(rillogtal.. Ig!, ,

contln).rU. apol trsleotul-, ,J.in 9an!r:1 Inirr:,o:rbliar j n- cenalul tn.-

freorbltBr. !o tot trals.tur edu crbltni i'o 'nur- nuiiilar esto
ln repor! ro Joe cu peretole euperlor al sluueulul..l ma:r:ilcrr po.-
rot0 for6et dl"ntr-o lamd. oeoaed f rrBr-te-e ub!trs," A(.gaetd:raur[
.,:.,r, L r,:,gj. rl'.,:i,:!.,t:r
 IU:) -

osoBs.{ p'rato Ilpul,' 9i ln oco6.f cL\2, ner\rul n,axiIEr rirt6 lrt ra.-
;l .rlt f Ll 'rlr-rry-)rr -rrl B l mlmilul lraxll.ar. f opl- ca rc ':xpll-cli nevf al ol1-' j:

Ic na:ti-:lrul-ul Lrl elnuzlto. In tralectul eau InJraorblta-nr n0ru,.

url {lsxl- Lor e s1,€} lnao f tt do qrt era lnf reorblt-"t:4r - rauurd d lo a r- ,
t,ortt roaxLlard.
=l{e;:vu.} lraxlIcr leeo dln canalul- ln-fraorblt-ar, prln'
orlf lclr-r-- lnf raorblter, a Jungind Ia nlvelul f rlsel cBnl ne. LB
acest nJ,r.oI1 Lrnedlat eub pIeLo 9l rnugohll fefr:.l' n€r'v-u-l- ilgxllBr
6s rlepl.trdegte ln.rqmurlls sslo termlnalo.
RAltulrlj.,D cpL,A3p8AI,E. (r) Hmln (Ramue
Rlllua-A Nm{rrtGEE
il m€nlngoLu; modluo), pleeod. dln narvul maxllar .La nlvelul- fosol
c erebral.o mod.ll. ,So rSoplnd"eqte IA durA trBt€I lmpreunl crr a,ns-
).
:ri
,.1L nlngeo nii- jloc io.
'ti'l
',).( (2) N,EarflJL ZrG,ol,uTIC (N,rygonatlcue) 'eau rarlrllrq orbl-
-ri
terdo I'5rJ- are or,llgLltoa f!o Lp cronlu, fle lnediat dup! ce nrlla-
'€ii
,;.j
: r:*
,i11;i
xlla:r lerrre r-1ln g;aura rotund-il ln foBa pterlgopalstlxd,, lilraveraso-
zx frrtrA
LU uqr f {Jul, F,!''l-'-'t-x
L\J Oc1 rrtarlrlc-^r u I^la
4*---unEL
rullr w cu norvu-L maxllar, pSirtnd.e ln
Liil 1,,

t,-i:i
,:i.1:. I
orhl'hii rrr,{ il f I su.r,n orbltard lnf erLoarE gl urcI obllc ln sue gl
ina!:r'i,-e i-n groe t.m,la p€r'loatului pol€t€lui let0::e1 Bi orillt el.
f'ti.:
i

';tl
:..t-
|
:l june Ier inilliirLoq nalglnll lnf erloare s.nur;chlulul d-lepU late-
rsl, so j-nparte i:n dou5. ramuri i
:':::1

i:j
il.l
..lal I r = r'DnTLIIB la orlmopa).p ebre 1.5, o ore nerge obl !c Ln, eue
;il
'.l
!:l
gI lnelrri;e cpre g,Ianda Iacrimsld, Ia nlvolul cArsla enitol =utr
,,.1:l
,Jri I
flle'b lc,r:rfunel, B,nqetonotlc ou o remr6. a ner\ruIu| Iacrlmal dln
of ta.Lmlcr (Rauun 0omunloBr€ cuEI Ilory6ourat!oo) I ee disf,rtbule Ia
glan<la l.4orlnialii. odrol-a t I aduo e f lbro parqslnpetlc e, poetgangllc-
nere, 0>:ultocoor:ol-orI1, v-enlte do Ia Bsngllonul ptertgopalat;ln1
rr.rn rf llerit palpcbrelr dletlnat pleoBpol su.pori-oar€l
b. sufim\Lfa tourpOromAlarir', cAf€ pg.trUnds f,n. orlflolul
zlgolat j-ooortrltal d.o po f ata orbltard a ooulul zlgonatlc. Irr
groeJ-mea acserliuJ- r-rs, Bo rmbotvlde ln ranula zlgonetlcofoclalE
(R,r.ygonrrtloc,f aclallo) , iieetlnatd ptollt regiunll ztgouraiicer, 9i-
rsmtrrA,itgomst lcl o1; enporci.H (R. zX Somat lootem;roralls ], d oe tlnerti
piel ll ::rg Iur'lt t-eur-oora] eto 1 :I:

(]) . l_u momontr"rl In car€ nonrul m€lxllsl sJung€| ln fom-

'i
pt orl goprrl,et j.nb I Bm l.t e o rqEuru obl tc ii tn j oe gX. ncrlial rariiurd, t

c6rs aJune;g {1.up'it un tralerct d.e cllfvq mll|m€t'rl, p6 fatrt 1a t era.Ld,

t1 " 1,i
,t
., \! i._1

'i

ffi,rffimffiffi*'ffiM ffifi*Ex
 * .lt){r -

uBu Qnterlor dcl g8r{Jf tOnrrr prorrljor,ur.ct j.n. lJrrotr:.r

d I {i Lr,r,,.-lr r
,gangLlon gI-1 ctrdbato, fdrli cs j,It;rolo rii-rj,o eI
,

r0 tll::.2o.,,"e rtr..
!1e elnnnhJ.cx g"'rgl!rrl:I . I::::1 ::,;.1i.1*; crr,u5, Lnrrrciri oulr,,r.
oml.te cub forma do r0mr:r1 co.1 rrL.er:&r.r:r,o ;),.-.\ jr
lr-ai;tr f ,j,Irr.r " crl:.,a
{rilr€ grlngllOnUi pLer,J-goparstlnrr ldrl.ic,l,nl..Lo
'.,,dIA 0for:onl,-;9ir
e;nn€,1'1onulu1.
DupL r;e ctopiigor;i;i,r grrngrionuf ptr,--r,r1;o1ruJ.,ritrn, ri()€$.:li;:\
rqmul:d I nsrvuiril- rnaxll-ar' (tradl!loruaI rlontrrnii;x no:,v p1;e:::115r>-
paral;ln) eo subilmpBrt€ !ntr-o aerle rle rarnur:i cons!,1erats
o. o,:.;
unrl autorr dre;rt of erenle al0 gengrion'tu'I. pt;er:lgcp::ru
L:rni
l' Ncrvj'l nezalt lotorarl pootet'r)BLlrJrlc:: L (^flJ'...,,rrr,, ; .
poete,rloroB sup6rior0s tet6rarea), donunl!1,
ur'";*,ril:o.,r,,rJ. ..rr.,
p,arlorl eau ef er.opclatlnl cxt-ernl al ]ul,HJ-,1-,s:irf,e1cil:.;ji.tt
J.-,:
f.|].etocarepAtrurr,1d.ln'focgptel.|golna1e..t,-,-.!t,,":...j,.
pgli,ul, qnterro€ri e grurl1 ereoopuroili;"l"rioil"il;ltl;
l,-*
to:'a af enopalet.inE, "ramurx. termrnalH .r.
n,s;ri.l,,,"i;',e",iiiJi"';;,;;
a- ri
1er rnr0oBsa cornetor-or mljroctu qr euperJ_or.
uiro irn
,.;,;;;;";;- " :il

murlr patrunde d-!n foeq nqaa16 in ca'eru' pbei:rgopa.r-atii"

fqte ;tnf err-oare a corpulur efenordurrrl, rou,*lo;'";if;;Ir"
i*-ou "

ooas€ faringolul qr a paviircnulur- tr:cmpor.I,,rj. *._

]ri.Lst;ictrib (eon,,,
pba:yngoua eau norv'u]- farj-n13iqn
a.L ,lr-ri rock). i.Te:r-i;_ ,,J,to.i,r .r-"-.,
ters-l-i- pooteroauportorr, con!r:r
9i f i.br,e !{i,-:$--.,.in,.,.?i,-q"-,r"r€cii nr
d1n g;tng-l lonul- prerrlgspaiet j-n, cosi;lr.ato gii*lc.l
rl .io.. irlri,r-)Di1 s(l a-i.i,,
f,iu,3oAe;ol nnz€leo
b. No'vri.
nazar.r ned La.ir postor.sur)er:Lo,,i (iL:,nad:.
le u poe'uerJ"orea e uperloros r.toc.lal-os)
, !1Beci. clli i.r_trrry1.1- p"c,erigr:.
palLstln gi' natr"'rn'f prrn Baulq alonopare';rn{
iil j,-rca j-.rir:rr:r.r,ij" i)6
ap-Llcd- ue f a!a an-borroari a oorpuiuf
ef enoidu.iiri $r a;jur:Lg i+
pa::tea
.poeterloaril q! zuporroard. e septurui na:aer, ur.,,,.rr;u:L'dii.
ec 1o nuooa'a nazulH do,Ie aceet nlye,L" Una,.l1,r,
o.u"r;,, iuo,or,.,
deccrtsi eub, numora do n'rv nesopelari;
i;:;;;rr;;;;;;,,1'a j-,:
Scetrpa, otrilbato obrtc rn
Jos g.L tnari:te, in c:Legr:na.Ld,,
nazar BJungtnd la orLf lclul eupe:tor aI oana:L;,,;;"ilj;;,r.o$ep6i...!
so angilJeaz6' 9t prt cara-L percur:ge" so d.1st1lit1ts ,^ r. :
:-a',,i.,,.0rj,sa iir.-",
lluntl anterl'rals a bortol pe1.atLne gil rq ;ui:Seiral r"lglunli rot;ir;",
alveoretro da ra nlvelur Inolelvlior euperlorr.
l{orvll i.eza.iL r,i1:1*..
cIlsll pcetorozupertort oon!in er fil'et; p.ro;r;il;;i;6
ir..,=,_
de ra gangllonul, pterrgopalailn,.fllet;a deet'ii.ne1;e ginule.rorr lti
rr,r,..
ooBsst nnzale,

fi
 li,7 -
c. I'lorvJ-1 palatlnL, clnb ln numrir d.e trelr
(l{.nalsilnue ,ntcri,^.r.; ..ln_l ni;.! 1rt! r?;:::), l:1jJ-;ci-* a'terlor
rr.lB mc'c 1ua) glL poe'i;erJ-o: (N.palctrnu8 pos1lerl0r,
iii"palelt_
nrr.pa1.atlnr
rr:-rorec).
=r,r';r/uI paratrn anter.ror ()t.parablnue rueJor) cobosri{
5 *p::eund c, cr'1;erq pala'ulnd
d.escendeni.ir in gan!ur do pe f aNa
l{r-:ors-lti s runrer verbj-or:1e e ocurur palatrn,
rnbre tuberozrta_
t,ilc maxllarulul ,:ltue"b& rinaLnte, gl proceserr: ptarlllolda
i:rt'pol- ie e'gcJouz,L iin c;enarur puratrrr mare qr nJu'g" sltuat;e"
i^;.;:
t',:q poete rolaterard. a palaturut dur, prln f oramen palatlnun
urrt;iua. La aoest nrver ouitte t -f il-ete poeterloqre
r-a mucoaeq
vi:il,ul-ul palat1:r I -f 1]ti ber anterl,lBrs l_B mucoBua glngi.rrf
U qf
b'1i;ol pala!ln,or rn tr:rll.eotur eliu prln oenarlrl parat;J_n mare, u
ne.r.r',.u1 pelatln ar.t€r:lc,u erntte o oolatorslE"t
o.ou"u, fo"ru"of^_
f .,:nlor (Iir'.nae'les l.atoreleo pori;orlorea lnforlo=uu),
cBr€ p€F
r,..L,6Bzzi tama vortlcar6 u nuialriruruf sr er;;;;;;;;1; il *"ouuu
c c l,netulul lnf erlor.

=N. p,Latl.n. nil-Jloc lu (lit.palatLnue ned.lua) are acelag

,
tr':ilect oB rJl;rrrlatinul. antsrlor,. .ADare ln partee pooterolate-
r'"1-[ a palal'uru.l lur, 1.egrnd prln 8durlro pe]etlno
sooeeorl.l
(Iir-r.canIna palatinq m!ncr,r) n So ciletltblt,l.e
Ie mucoBsa vdlulut pe,-
I e i.'!-n.
.N.pcrlgtln .poetsrlor, (N.palatlnuo poetorlor), Inlllal
aJ' 11llt preooden{;l-Lorr urrn€ azd Ln contlnuqro
tralo otur unul oana.L
pa Latln qoc6eoriu,. ,Apa:no ln pertea poeterol_atoral_d
a palaf,ulul
du,:: leglnd prln giiurllo palatrne aoooeorrl, qyae
d.letrtbure re
mu{:iodBq fetel errper:toal:e a vd.rul.ul. rmpleuna
cu acest nervr FOt
eJurrge ra mu.gohlt vH.-Lur-'rr !erstr,o ffleto nerroaso mo.bor{t
preca-
ts d.ln faolal, ;po urmdt;,olt11 trseeut n.faolar, n.plotroe euporfl_
oIr:I , n.oqnalurut ptorJ iroldlan, lgangilonul ptertgopalatlnr.
ef o-
ren{;a gangllonq:ro, n.Ber.Lert;ln poe.bertor.
(4) tq-gnVlI CRI;ITARI (Hr.orbltaIos), ELnt :ranurl ggfg_.
toralo alo nervriluf urerc:Lrer, osrr) p&trund ln orbltd, prln por!lu-,
n0i,r poBtoromodlal,S a f l.rruril orb:Ltaro.lnferloare,
eo apllcd po .
po:,'atalo nodlqr ar orbl1;e1., Bpot ge rezolv[ ra mucoBr]B oelule- ,

Io:' otuoldarer, J-n oars eJu.ns f le prtn s-Lrh.rra ef oncoturoldlard, ,, ,

f lcrr perforln,l Icrne papl::aoee a oi;noldulnl.

 li) ll -
(r,) N-tllty-lI .i\L'livii,/,itI S{lPlltlIOlrr ri.r -l{,61lrtlIotir (}tornl
rrL/uO rdl-'oii rrtl.Cj I'I()t'rJU r)(,LrUuI'IOItsjB/. bIIt,L* .l-..J famtffJ. CO.i..O Or_r dOti-.
1tr.':Lrrd dln nor.rul naxlLar In uroment;ul tri r:errr ,,ou,oto'io,angoloal; i:i ,, li
Ln gan!iri lnf::aorblter, 0oboera v€rr.tloaI pe, turbe::ozltatoe mayl_-l*-
rul-ul (ribber. maxl.liae), a.,f nd. poaterlo: cli: olcr s:i;aro uuxilrrri,
lio angcJoezd rrpol ln carruror-o arvcoraro 1:ooi;e::1oaro gl ru gro-
elnea ogr-rl-ul nraxlrar eo ramlflc6, reaLlzl_nci un pl.exr ploruo den*
taJ.le auperlor'. !ln aooat plox ao <iosprlnl r,anu.r1, poqtru r6rllol_.
nlJ.o ruorqrllor gl premolarrlor (rr,d.ontal.es auporro:rou), fllete
alvoolare pontru poxlostu+ alyeoreror, ftloto pontr,r nruooqea glrr,-
glvard. (Itr.6lnglvaloa ntperloares), f tletrd p6ntrl.,'r'a',Qssa'ernu-
suiul msxlrar, flloto oBOBB€ pentr-u ozul uurxllar.
((r) NERVUL rtvliol,Aa gJpnFrOE ui,.i:Locru (it,arveotsrle
-ro
zupellor,, mo9'luu) t,: B,o deo-orlndo ou"nrr 'ijirouorpt't;;",
$ln .uou,-
]ui infrsorbrt'ar.. cobosr,i. prlntriir.''on'*i siipai rn il*ur*, ;;-
1.ul epre p,lgt-I, donbar errporrorl, ep.ol eo ror.orvd oe qr newli
pre,:oden!1.'
' (q\ 15
.,'.-
:frrs ,sup€r,lorce snte r..lore6). f FI ctr:. orj-glatle iot fn,no:y,rl
.!ntrre*"
o;-'oi:ar, ltr ce;ralul j.lflaorbx'ta:, 0oboalr{. si:ro tr:rllsivl-i ur'ro}_,
r"-c-rl 1xlrtr-irrr cii;u-ri ceoJ sdpot i;t g:colnfls p-i_refel.trl u"ro=r.,,
:'r: sliiur:uf:l: n.n::ll3r, ;:rc:ii,i l-raco (iaod. .;o::otu*o cLioc
ai sLilu- I

suiul ee'i.-o aber;ntl ) in ooncqqu d.Llsob ou m.Jcc),asg e,[nu:ea]d" I}utte 'r,l

,.1
:anurl iocuroni;o auqs1jomo:late cu p)-exul d.oct;,rr rellj.zet d.s ner_ i
I
-l
vtl procoden!1" trnit-a d.s ls6aence i jllato eeirqru lruot* oooonro ,, I

oanaluLul J-scrloonqzel r flrete,ient;are pon.vrr: rnoj.elvt; flieis ,.T

I
I

arvgorero per.t::u pericerur elvocra:. gi u.w:oaca glirgrverill't f rie- I

Lo oeoa,3€ pecljlu oeul maxil8ro ,' - . 'i'I

i
I

:l
BifLEI-lg$1A-s!I. Ieqlnd prtn {raur:e rU:r:orl:itarA i-n .l
foea oanlni, nornul na:cllsr ao l,npr'dgtle Jlnir>uix buohet de. re- .,1
i

murf i;ernine]a eenElt:Lvet cuohe-bul iufreorlrliar, : Jioeetq. cuprlnl* :l

;'I
,l
ran,lti { :l
t

r d ac enCanb e, ?all,e brale , (Er:o pel Bebr.c,loa_ tuf erloree)l

B
:i
i
prlorr\i plelea gl ccnJunotivg ptreoapel j.nfeirtcrsr€*. ;,., :
,l
I

b, IJsrioendents, leble'l e (Rr.lab j"aise suip{rrloxefi) ces- ,i

'tI
i; tncte ir.rze! oupcrlcaro"
I

cr Ilsrilele , nacalo (Rr.,rssaIee o:{tcrml) pu:tn.r plolee :l

I

n,'iipJ, j- na s:r-r.iiJ- :ll s .reEJi..j..nlriu.Lul r.:i;elo.r DrflSBlQp'

I
,l
-f t

',

,;lsffiEtffiffit trffi#ffiffiffist#BtffinEFFFEdmRGr$ffi@1ffi
 Po unol-o por!lrlnl are traleotulut Ior, aoesto rsmrLrr
so po! Bj-d.trura lauurll_oip nsrmj-ul raolar.

, ctlrcLrcNlL ffrryOpAl-,irff tmcx& (Gangrton pterygotrrara-.

tlnun) o

ln foea ptorlgoparatlnd,, pe part-ea uod.talEi

se'bo ettuat
a norrululL nrlrl.lar, poetorlor de tuberozltetee nraxlle.rulul gl drr
artera'na:cllrrrli, lned.lat anterlor de orlflolul. anterlor al c,ana-,
]ulut p'ber:lgo1d.ranr (oana).ta pterTgc ldeue, Bau vldlan) sd.pet in
baza prooereelor ptorlgoM.o.
Gangi.lonuf pr1 negte. rlru5toarsle a{e,Ient_e r
l-Lllctl ranurl oolatarale ale nery-ulul pterlgopaletln
}-No::v-ul oanalulul pteitgoid.Ian (N.oenel!e ptoryg;oi-
d.ol sau tsadl f ao!arlo gansl11 pirerygoparatlnt) BBu nerry-ur vldlen.
loesb norry stlordrsaz,& eeagtl.tonul pteptqopalattn rmedlut dup6 oe
loeo dln oanqlul pterlgold.lan eEpat in baza p:noo eeeror pterlgol-
deo ,,' ,

Nervul ranqrulut pterlgordran ae fomeazd. in o:ranlu

prln aneetoiiozqr'€e nerelul norv ple.trOa (zupe:ef lolat) (N,petro-.
aua naJc,::) ranurl,,lln faolal, olr. o rqnurd. - LnoonetqntE.- € ne.D-
vurul tlnpanto dtn glosofarlagraa ryl ou norrnrr pletroa
,ras,rbeon
proflrnd. (N.pe!r"raua profu4due), rapurH. ainpetliod enlsd d.,o plorui.
perloarobl,llan. Nernrl oansluful ptorlgoldlaq pErEeogts urantul-
prln fotanrran larre:mn, etrS.bato l.n gens posteroanterlor orrngl.ul
pterl6oldlnn, Bpar6 l"n foea ptorlgopalstlndr rll eo ternln6, f n
gan€l lonul ptor:Lgopal,a t ln.
l{orvu.L oann}uJ.ul prerl6oid.ran ad.uoo gangS-lonuluL p.ber!-
gopaletla Jllbre paraalurpabLoo plogangllonere ou ort6lnoa ln rf,u-
orsul larrr:Lrnouu<lonoaar an,rxat faolarurul. D.rph o elnaped Ia :al-
verul gan6j-lonui.rj. ptuerlgoparatln, lmpulsurlJ-a paraelmpa'r;lco,
se vc,r dlalTrltuL pr:ln efe:cenfole gangllonulul spro 6landa larrri-
nard gt ep::o grcrndulo Euooaee! Bazale. Dar nenruL oanalul.ut pte-
rlgoldtarr aduoe g5. flbro rlonatomotorll pleoeta dia feolai-, 0,r""
so vor dlstrrl'onrJ- Ia nugohlt vdlulul pal_etln,
' ''. . :...
Baliullle ofo:-'orito ale gangllonulul, eo el-lpesd' raMu-
ri.ior ne:ryurlul mrrxtlar, p:lln intormoq.lul od:cor:a eJung }a oforl-'
torlo &f ,rrsrsq,,1r es aIU.tu::U.r .1,
,,. : :,. !;
" i,,

"1;' '1 lrilj;;'':'i" ':rr

"'*]
ffiffiHffi.LlW$.ffi'ffF.ffiS.lr. r.lf'ffiffiffi ew
 - llo -
,1

; ., |1 .:i'
ir,rl
I

: !f t'rl
l',",2'/ |
l J:. ;<rii .lt X'l i,l
L-. '.."2/ I
ril
.i
',1

',J
.I

t,I
,'ii
'[]t-r ,,1
,i I

,iil
'' iiil
'r*l
'1iJlli,
til
:..1

],1
,,:t!
,.-'.1

lr '.,,t:j

,i,,i
,, 3ls,?7, $rulqal4$es: , ,, :,1
i0 Du:'a. nqto: | 2, Ru.aricina eenn'ltrl'd. a tnrlgeimenu.rrrli: ,. nud.E,-
0in.s Eotorle s trigon':nululg lto Nrrrul to,aporal prrclUnd EIJ-
rociul 5' N_cnrui tenrporcmase:eri:r 1 5n Fa:n"uril t*iporo'crrcart
''/, i{e-rul sl-veolar Inferlorl B" l{s::vuJ. 'i:e:aeoic ni }lupaa'"Iu{l
9, l{e--rul hrEohiurul ioneor al" vd.lr-rj.ul pqil,ltiInt, 1{)r ftermr
prorlgol"C.lunr't_lrrl ned.lal | lf ,, !f er"rul; nandtlsd.Ar:lf, intrsrar
l* f orunon ovrrie ;.1?,, 0ongLlouui oirlol-U,n Clrngilouul. seuliu-
rlfT pi trtgen,lnCul, Gaeser; 14. lle:wrrL'glorcrfailnsIsnr 15, - &)p-
o
llul, t euporal { . 16t l{rra of or I
e 12, }t. ptoi {6 rlxl,te:r iixteiu I ig ;- }i.
plarlgotdlgn l.nterng 19. I,oJa gj,snd.el zuiito_qrr<llbularct AO. !ln.
f onCui stlbilnndlbular1, 21. 'fena i'go lei[ I 2:2.. .Artisli taotatE r
22r i"lars p{lsttna aso6rcectH. t' ?.+o .r$gril t'oaslrcr'rdJ, 25.'l{lr#
uhlul tsner",r ai tfnpg+yrillt P6r ut+ipltgl. t.ofrugr e1, v{Lutlrt pr6- :'i
:t
Latln 1 }7,uugoirtul' itarcat6r oi iniiui-ut' paia;tlnllg; uuiofrrii
oouetrloto:r nrperior al flrlngelull 29.,. &,uqo.hluL ooi:etr.ioto=
3t{to9fu1 }0e.-Jtugchlul- oone trlqtg" J.gterlor | .rl, ltuqohtul' pela-
tofarlnglual }?,, Tonella palatrnd; JJo lduqob,jlul strtioRlosr'
Jr+. Mugohlul utllohloldtaa | 15,- Muqohlul tllg;oetrtcr i ]5.l{uvohlul
hlogloe | 17n liuqohll LlirahloJ.dlonl l_)E: Llgtrnentul }ul ilvrtlt
J! r.Rant:rq a soonrlsntA a marrd ibtile I 4O r Basa orani'.rlu!.
I
 -' I lr
Enorrt\J-ul :lgomatlc, iranaportlnd. tncltaltl par0sj-rni;''
pr:r51oo oxc l-toeec::otorIl grentr:u 13Iand,a Iaorlmal-b.l
=nor.v1-Ior nai:8ll poB!orosupsrlorl mocirerr 9r rBr€ra-,
11, oonduolnd f 1b:e purri almpatlr:e pr:s'bgaq3 llonaro e:<oltoeeoretc-
r';.,
-,{ 4 porrLlu
-^-'}r'r g-r-uecitrlo
-1 ^. ulllc,€r B{3 slB mucoasoJ- f oBolor nazale;
trn€nrulul p,aletln po sterlor. Po aoect d-nrm treo f 1-
trlalo motorj-l rleertlnat;e drugohllrrr villulul palatln, :llbre ou orl--
g 1-noa Ln nu.olor.rl eomat;,3n()tor al f Bolalulut.

J.N:tn\TL, MIU'{IIJ BLI,I'AR (Nerwue mandltnrlsrls ).

I t:ceJ.n ::enrJ:'3. a tr115emehu1u1, nsrq/ul- nrarrd.lbrrlar oetio
urr n€ry nlx.N, oaro pr1.)1 oonpon€nta Ba eenzltlvd. i-ns:veazd.t ro-
gl-unee bempora-Ld q! o ;pelte s r{lglunll parlotalo, porllunes potF
t-ultoarti a r€6rLuntl 6er:a1.ono, re6lunna pr€aurloularU" :gl pantea
qrrrlRyrlnArH n rr:gl.uni.l rnesroterJ-nrl, buae lnf.erloar[, x€gluo€a mBrr.
ti:rrlord, uruooaEa l-lngu.rlE. eI a porotslul" Inf or[or a]- oavttltlf
bucal-e. Ca ql oololalt;o ramurl gIe trlgononulul, d,ond:rltelo d.lrr
Bt;ruotLr-ra nerv\lhLl narxilbular tnrsgletroasA tn teri:orlul eEu
s{)nz j.ilv oxoltn!1.tIo o:x.i rr::o oi proprloeptlve. Compononta motori-e
4 r:€rvrJlu! manrlllru.Ier,r,, ori orlgl:rea ln nr.rolsul naBtloator d.ln os-
I crt n nont'inJ. j no:rrenzIi. n:uqcrhil ruqetloatorl.
ina-';curic ,, n,trurl maultbu1ar 1g1-anexsasd. r:n gangl!on
psr'&slrnDablo t tlang},:.onu-l. ot:Lo a lul -Arnold (0ang1lon otlcun) a

QLI{}I}T; TlLdjIgg,L-Ed,1R{']Il{' Nervu} nrand.lbu-Lar Bo

lorueazi. prln :hrz;Lonales Ln fosie oorobrnld. m,rd-le, a rennrrll 'lg-
tr:r'alo B gang]:Lonultrt ,Iurl, Gaeee:c ou rfd,llolna ilotorie a no:rrul"u:L
ti:1gemen. lbla f orrnrrt,, :iorvul o:,rnd.tbular p6.rdsGgte ,:tanIuI prln
Gnirr'a ovalA, af urr6imd .:l:, fooa tnfratomporalH. (zlgon,ltlo[) tn
sp€!luJ. dIn'bre migoilll" Sitorlgo!1lonr.. lblq tEtrat ln foea lnfrs-
telrr,poraldl ner",.u-]. mnndJ.lrrulEr Bo srrbtnparte oq o trpenvuldtt f.ntr-
u:r buoho! d.o rnmr-lrl co,lertorale:7:]" tornlnnlo. Ca uru,qre, truncb.:LuJ-
no:rvulut nandlltulnr e>:ktX oa a'bare, doar attt ctt etrEbste bqi*.
c r'a nluj-ul.
,*In f rlscr o or0br:alE, ned.lo, rddHolna 0onzltlvd nBBohosBil
-
riidlolna motor:Lo d.€qsr.lpra oEreirl oete eqazetil. ftnbe,le rdalctnf
sJ:n.t oon!tpute lrrtr"-o boacd dur'alE mleH. de oavltatea lul IIoo.f13-"
6!t'h oeie d.ou6, .rEit6oLnl,, fl ps errb fo!!e lnterloerX a teoil'd'urrs-
I* trso nervl! p1.ei;rog!i gI eo gdeegto arlpa mare e..ef eno,i1*-",lri
. i.,t i,;l ^i;J
,ti
 Ilodle} , uc gr{.r; cpLo ncrlrr} ;lrxl.l 1,r., ier;rri.:.11., &fte r,1 ncnl*gr.ro
0ja_
Otc pdcrrrna 1:t crrlnl-u pr:_u ic-fci,tc,L u;1r_.Jr,r:::.
rrn gnuiu o\,'arD. nor-.'ur riiuciirrule.r 0Bt6 rueo!,rt i1o
,arterr ronL:6oc u!cd. runru.ir,lLr alttrlc niox11ar.d., ql do un
pLo:r
'rono. (p1o:arr .renorr ar 6ii'-u'r.r ovale), car-,3 rarlo:ii. oL.cula!J.n
vononsd aro.r'rrl.and a pre:._il.u{ pl-or-J-goldlrrn, cu oJ.rcurafli:
vo-
noagd. endoc-::anland,9 slousulql 6irvor-no€!
',
In f osB i ni'rgte upora,lii, prJ ur\ plqn :3ulrot lo1. artcroL
naxll-aror f a rt-5 nlllnetrl r-.rL ba.'-e cr'r,inltrLu.l, nor.v-ul mendlb.rl.rsir
era dletllirrlo doJa fn iamu..lre salo co],lto.rnJLe gl terulnaLe.
D t S.1 n ItYJ Ii l. Ranur.iI o uen/ulul ruarioll:ular-
oe elstenet_
ti.Eoea[ dupd naturq Ql o::ionta:e6i 1or..
F.anu:ire co-tat ernre o c.e \.clun a r lnportan!d dtf o:ltti.
--'_- --
sint| o

r, rrr&or.rrottber ran\lla .reoureotb. inonln6ocrl['r' r r; .i ''.,..;- i.

' - ngrv"a. t enDcr.onel rtoti €ilnr

=$.tiilsl_E.t , norrrrrt *l,9"r-ri,.r. u.i. puerlgol,,i!an lntr::nt
-:toi-i,3.i^,Jir-+ i - :lo a;:*c\l.l ,-* o, ,,,ra,r1,
i. lE.,'. l:o t;:,f,llal ,1
, L):ily.;:
sui:.t g.'loa::d I n.llnrlue.l i
:|ocrelloar,{, n.el-vcollr, :_ljoltci" '..1

fo, ilemuie iccrrien_tF rne.o1:v:ear,ii (Itanuo nonlngous n,

ns;nclh'rl-arlc). co cloeprlndc d.in n"ueullbul-e:: uub baza
orr1nl'rJ-ui.,,
daii relatrd. jn croniu pr.Le folqme: lp1-;ros;urnr. r:npreru6 cu qrte:,
uernirgee 11ec-i. sn Eer d.l etrl0ulo -r-e r-rr1pg nat;o:: G e l.s nivei-ul
fo se:L
c s lm blal, e E8 d l:.
..2,@.trat,:o.ramurr1()o1&terq1i1ia*,
teral{ q neryului uand.i'ouler. so :LnlreaptH. ob.L i.o tr-ralnts, ql lnq-"
afarUr strEbatrs inioreti1J...r.]. C.lnt:r: ctrlo lortI oeprtter q.e inuo:,tlu
sl-o aug6hJuLur ptertgc icLan o>:tertr: ( oupo.rlo:r, sf ,snc,ld.ar, gt.
ln-f e.-
pterlgcldtan) 9r aluc5r oe :lafa aute;:,rra?aral.d.. a nugohiu*.
:to=,
luL." lq aoest nlv.rl, e,3 bi^.::cX .trr dr:u[ .r,air,:r.Ll , .,, .:..
.-.,,,.', ,,r ...:a" Raquro aaoenden-u'd.-1, s8u n€rrul toupopgl::plofuud arr.-
puliiund.,e rrre..{o:jo. tenporar& pa
:'l:i?i::,?::: lo.y".
pr-o{uldd :t-tT1"e,
a udgcriturul raurporiil , luo.rr5.nd. fasoloulero
::!" aato-
rloaro ars eoostul mrgchlo Trrniter o &ru,:b.nosJ ''pra .n.temporar.
nl JJ.ociu.
 r]l *
bo I?eu:'urs,feer:end.entd, Bou nen'ur b*ca1, (N.bucsr..re)
6Bte o rBnul.A tt:rcruaiv e'lczltl'rd,6o rocurboazd
In g1 irralnl;0,
: intre fe!a anto:ror.eberar-ii u nrugchrurur "pto.-lgolclranJoeo:c!-ern E,r
vareantrrl- nedlsl- aJ- mer.glnlL nntorloer:e I prcrs eflrlul
coronold.
al maDd..Lbrrrel" r.n acoet r;pa!ru, nomrl eeto n,recat d.o co_rpur
ad.r._
poo al ob.azur-uJ- (hrla g:'aaoasd a'rut Blchat)
9r oeto inso!rt
de ertsr.'a brrcq]!:, raururd. a arterol nraxlJare. Dupd. oo so rlegaJeazd
drn buler grileoae'ti, treco pe fala ratorsld. o mugohluJ,ul
buocrns_
rorr und.e doscrle rc or.rM concav5 anterlor gl inod.lal, po sub
fas_
ole uruqcb.lulul bur:r:lpsf cu" La eceat nlvel, nr:.lwu] buoal se lm_
psrte lntn-o eo:cio de rarolt:r1 eonzltlvot rzupor.flolaler cutarurto,
lentru lne.rvatla prorJ.r rogruntr genlonol Lprc,funds, nuooBBs!
0 sro perf o::eaad nu$ohiu-r bucclnator (porf
oroazd., dar nu J_ner"rea_
aal), g{ erg d'le1i:rJ-}ruto La druooaoa parotelul latera} al oervltti!lt
truc al en

:rn mcnrsntur r.n oqr' s6 sngaJoeza rntre oelo dou.d.'r*B-'

clcul-e da:'Dssrl;.1€ are pt,:rl6oldLnuurul extur.r. gvrys4
nar.'r;.,r .h,€ElpOIO-
buca] en:Lt(i gl c, r:oiatore-Ld urotorlo cleeNlnsl.A inorrrs!le
I oelor
doud faa.lc'ule ar.e ptorlgold.ranurur exteru (N.pterygor.c.oue
rerte*
ralie)o
l" U'- 39mpo.ra-L-p-19!L1!g--E-li-Isg-!g pIe aod dtn
nerwl men--
'il-&,rqr l"ilediat eub gaure ovard" I{orgo orrs,ontar
rnaferd.. rntre
da!a lnfr:*tonporelrH. n rrip,rr nnrl a efenordulu! ql fala e.uporroa-.
rd q fsrc lou-l-uru1 s.f onoklar ar muqoh rurul pbe.r:Lgold.ran oxt€ro,
, SJunge po marglnse lniratemporeld a erlpll mer:L a efonoid.urul qt
'J;: acc€lt nl'vol e,0 l:ecurbeazE In sue pontru
a alungo f,n fo,sq teur-
poraldn pe :f ala profitnd6 a nugchlulu! tcnporal. pe trasou, oete
5'neoi;j-t d.u 'ertors'feimporeld plofundl, poeiorloard dln arte:ca maxl-
il laril. ,94 11l,=trlbuler prlntr-o ranurd enterloqr[ gl posterlrrard ]a
fa!e plofunrl[ a rnltg<rhlulul tenporal, ramu:'1 oare Be ar.,aetr:uozBB- '

,il z d' "ln oglvii" ou ne,:'vrr tenporurl profunzl

antor:lor gl po,sterlor"
r+"
llgllll!.legpp-f-omogglu{.lE pleaoil rij,n mqndlh.rl-ar tms-
dlat sub gaurq o'i'.l dr, ruorg' pootorlor gt Laterql, treclnd. ca gt
.

'il .
precedant.ulr, ps d.€€i$.lprs ur:gchlulul pterlgolrl.irin ortoro, luptr. oe
il Cepd.goStie marglnou l"nfreternpolald, a erlpl1 rnnrJ.,
Bo sublnparre
5ue
ria llo rtsuporal ;protund. post0rror, osr0 urod, rmedla"h, ,,
'1 iueinteB n:r:t;ioula:i;lot tem.r,:ionend.lbul-qro, epro fafa profundd I

tl

i1
':. ffiHffitffiffiiffiffili,6,1ff:"+r#ftffiiffi.ffif$#l+8ffiffiffiWtr M*tr-Ei
 rrlAr't *

mtl"llruJul tonpor'ol la cttro 6o dlotrltulo. lrr g::ouj-nea ou;chlr.r'.

Iul- j ec nDnatorol0 altr cu ncr.wu] procxl ont" po tr:aBsu, osto Inr; o*
!ttr da rrtora tom-rrorald nrltfr;nrlil nedln.
Xononoletr.lra snaton lch Jntcrna!lcrralIi (Rl,t,1 rounegto
norvlt toaporell profun:t gub d.cnuplroa gonor:lodi rJ,o norvl tc.opo-
reLos profundl.
b. Ne*-ul uaaoto1L:r (I{.nacetorloun), emlto olte.ra ra-
Eurl a::ttoulaltel tornporr:nandlbu.l.are I B o anga;loazd Ln leolrCa
nandih:Llel (ecobltr,rla elgrnolctr) po un rraJ,oot otrrlo Jln Joa 91
lnafarii. 91 aJu6o.Le fata profundF a auqohluLrll maeetor Ia oaro ._:,li
..ar
\a.
so.rosolvl, fnpreu;ofi cu artora maeeterfn^{ (d1.rr urarllard,) oar+-1 ", )i
::,\,i,
lne of a qrto. i 1\:!.
lt;*
I
Jo Nervyf p.toriroldlauuLu-! n.4{*},(N.ptoq,gold.oue rno.- -i:
,.,f
dlalla), eoto rsnu:ra colatorelS. noClaIS. a ner.c11l.ui nand.j.br.rlar. ii.ri

Plsao$ d.o pe fa!a postorlosrl a nsrurrlul nenCt.ba1er, In,+d.!at $rb t':.,lii

::t-l
gau:ra ovaL[" Be al:Ipegbo eeu perf oreard. gengltonul o't;!o, apo! so :1,i,
;::,1:l

larl-noaptE obltc !n Joa gl nad.!nl o'' pcrforlc,d. por! luno0 s':perloardr ',.i:;i

crl'hroeaH. a aponov:cozot' lntorptarlgoldl.eno :pe d.e'asuprB llganon-

: ::;1 I

;-",': i

tul-r.r{ ptnri6orplnorr'a lul clirlnlai. .tJungo aer,fe} po fapa poete-

:'ss'&d1n-}[ n augchiu]-ul oi.;ar:1.grl,.1Lan rnoil.a] ]a od,ro so d.letrlbulo. ,,'l,1
.',tl
i+ pe f,tNa n,i{i:l}-J, e nugc}ilulut pt,:rIi1o.1,1j.an no,_'.leJ-, - -,i'f
nerrrui ptori6r:ld!ar:.Lliul no.i j li" ouits lr-o f i.Lah !,orvos su'lNi:e, '.,
rl
1

Ceai:i-nat lnelva+;l.o!. nugchiuiuj. tan:ol al'u[I.:]u1" palair;1-.rr (perJ--= :11

'l
sts:3 1-L1; exi ern) o jlnconat ax.i , ll aproplelea o::'! gintl ca.Lo , na=vu]- I
I

pte:r!goldianuluJ" mo<Lla} f\:rn'^reaa5. ua :f iJ"ot pontru m';lqoi:,lui pte- I

rlgo ld.i.sn lators.l r ,l

,l
' 6o Ner. tJ. surt,:ulotonporaI, (N" qrulc'ulctou:.po::el-ts).
i

l
.t
Ssto r&nuts ooieterald. pr:ctottcal.d. a nae{lbr:}arutulo *p}saoE'dln :i
{

nanruL uand.lb.riar.prln dor:il rilClo!:rl osr€ so l.o'uxaao &*;>E oe for- :ii

',,1
-r. [l
uoanH. a butonlgr[ .l]n Ju:l,l e:-baro:- nsalngao'*ud.ti'" 8t;e[1:ete ob]"lc -:,1

lnepo!- qt inaf ar[ spa]tul l^ni;orpiar:.glfafuof' l,,e;luiot 'ou artera ''l

..1
nar1.lerd oar.o scts sgozatil sub oin ljutogo pe fa!a mei.l.cJi6. a oclu*
t,l
lul ooadtlulul nssJLitxrie l, lnti'o acest0r gl merg;lnea portterloard. ril I
1i
€ sponoyrogcl lutarpberlg,3ld.teua, !ng:r.,rgui5,' 1e eceat nlrreL pentru rii
s lortr& liguuentui efononEndlbui.{rr* gpai;lul oatacflbr:os de}lmi- ',' I

tat do noosto do'"rE eleneo'bo (ou.banJ.er* rrittooonl.lltanl g lui :.'l

t

iavrrrn),
-l
cete str,Kt#.tur; dlnl{un+,:.u f.sef a}[ d,€ rlgrr,rl erurloulo- -,:

,l
i

',I
i
rl
t,l
.l
i
,rl
.:,: I
!t
tr: I
.rj
tt+
.:.
,ii I r

ffitsWm ffiffismilffitMptwffilwsrllrmffirf;r;i'il
 - -Ll'r *

t'ounr:rBl 1 ln cr:nrr lnverc trooo B i.'i,et'E rl ,rv-ll-ru'ii. Irr'1,n but;onl_oli:'

.r.'e'blocondll1rr nd Ju,rara ool"v-Lil eurloulol;orrporal. pdriisogto fc,sa'-,',:
l1f1o{;omnrrnp'l ij q-J -i(1;r'r1ad4 trt rtrnrtlliirl 4 qlrlrtr.l e'! nnr,ri{r_la- 4lf]_,
,38 roourl,eezE: ln eua gl leeo dln 6leruid intre tuborr:ulu} zlgoma-,
b,!o ,7l meatul. ocustl,3 o-f,tGln" Incruclio::z11 f e!e I ai,-oralii a Bl:o'o-'
..iitr !rouu<rur!€
,i,.1. ry{-^^ofl. gi rr.r:3,{ rrpro I'dglunoa tempDralri impr.suni ou ar}-
i;,lr'0 gl vens teurporalS supcrfl,:lar-\., ller"ur 0Bte sltrrat poott> '

r:'.Lor do va€0, lni!1a-L l-ntr*o ciodr-rbrer6 B f asclol i,rrnooiaro r spol

r:up€l't'1ol.aI" so rdsl):in'-i{l$to 1e piol0n -rL,,Iiu}rIl L-c,milora16, ramu.-
r:';Lle sBf s u-r'c1n,l pinii l-ri inE] !!mea autirrll ragl'balo (4,r.. temDrj-
l'o1o B cuperf lcl rlae)
"
Pe tr,rleot, nerrrul arr:clcuLotu{,ccr.3} e*l.t{:) nungroqse
':,c Jat-orglc I
Br Jn groi;lnera 619nriol paro r!r1o -br.lrnlts rna j- rnulto :3i.-
"Loto parotld.lsno (Rr, pcrmtld.et), oqro Bd.uc flbro plraolmpotlotl
,ti:cltosooretorl:L pon";rrj. pBrotiriei" .4cos';o fI:re nu riT)ar!1n mantll-
l-'ularulut ol pleacI cle i.a gang:Llonul ohlc, lnprunur;i.nd cloar 1r:ts-
:,t:eoliutl aurlortlol;enpo::9].uiut, ptlntru B I jung(l )-a gIaruLi. Flbr:er,Lo
l)r'eBanSl-lonqr€ {loscsct i.E Gsng}:Lonul otio de l-a nu.r:.r-eu} sa}l.rql:.
urporlor e] gJ.ocofalJ.:rg;1.anulu1,,
b. Tot 1n 13r,c'clmoa 6landol palot:Ldo en1.j;o unq sau
:ral nul*o ren'Jr:- Bn9 s bonouice ou nerlrui f ao:aJ (Rarn1 or>mnunlr:an*
:;6s c'.rm n€ruo f iic lgIl..) .
o. 11tj
Rsnurl
lllU.L' J. il ul i-(}U J-HI (J gnterloero
iiurlcular€ tl U tr gI'J- O€J. O irw rr vr u. 1r ranlrun:rcr I IALj..\.I'-
nBntTn.rr.i
t,rulu.L gl a he.Ll::uIui r(ilr'. aurloula-r'os qntsrioree).
d.. Rclmur I uurioulare in-f orioara (.N, ne a'Lr_tg ao.ustl o:L
t,,r:<bor.nl) d.eet Inerte nerniulul aoue tio ei:born"
€. Urr f llel; Ane stomotlo pentitl Dr slveolgl: 11f erlo::.
f. lI1.leto rruscularo pontm qrterri t-empor:e}5. euperflL-
,: laldr

ES,ruIllrn_t{14}1X,frU-,8 aJe no:rrulul mandlbrilar eint norL

';;i.l 11ngu6I r7I norvu-L alyeolal lnf erlor.
a, Nliliyfi LI]{GUA]', (N.tlngualle). Eeto rsmurs terulna-
.i.rii sen-zltlvd snterloa::d a non'"rlul inundj"bulgr. IBI Bre orlglnoai
lir mnndllular, 1a apro;t. I cn {iub bnzn oranj.ulul, in spoti.ul .J.
lntorpt€irlgokllun. Polcur6o vo::1;lcal asscenaLont Bp{r !tul d lntr<r
D'r.l$0htt pterl{\o1.dl.en1, (por!lunr3q d.escendontli), po un traie ot'el-
r;rrat ant6rlori ll6, lrori'rLI a.Ivec'lerr lnlorlon 91 ajungo p0 pBrt0fl
 '
- -'l

| \',-:

:
lli

;)o.lttrI'loAt'C j,i 1. I,'rL.Lir..ll,'i a I ltt -r.. A,,.tr: j tJo

t.rrr (ri.,:LL\r). t;t:i.t,/,i\ lrr;i In[0,
lrpro vlrfui ilnLit (por:!irr.,:ru o.'l:rorI[alii). In i:'
auoanb-].\lr nervul
.tllngual d0gc;j., ls o curbi_i cr-t (li)rrotrvll;,lL_crr upberlor.i::li, gorG_I 'ii"
;l fi
"..1i1
arlirr;e
clJn 'fo€ia lnflntrmpcitlr:i in grlaiiqour oa,iltiL!11- .i:
hrc8.i0 gi ln lun*
6nr1 .L irabl I. ',i]
l:i:llfiluneu d s'-rc'rg]-1g4',6pr7r).,1 .11.'guaI ecto B ltl.rqt ri':.:

io lnoeput tnt:'o oer ri.c,i n'gcrrr pter.r6oldrt:n1., qntrlrlot do n.a]_ : tir'

veolqr lnforrcr'flr postioric.ir do Brt{:rr& na:rr]_er5 (d.acd qceasta
trr6 Lrn traleot ;ir'fund) n sub nra16lnoa lnJe::r-curd, a ptorrgold.ta-
nurul- latr.r::er, rr..Llnguol ect'o eltuet tnire :fa1in ont;olo3,ab.crar$.
a muirol-Ilulul pbe,rl6elCiaa modlal gl:rauura 4soenloltd. q meld.ib,u-
-l-al)\ f 1lnd epllcat po os d.o pol.t iunoa inJo::ioerrA a aponevroael
int ei'pt erJ. go !dL e ne n

: I!
nortl-unee qr13,_on!jJU., ,Ilngualri,, no:rrul. 1lngual eerbe
"'::'
eltuat In roJa gland.el oubl lnguare , sub nucc,aerq plangeulul svl-
1r[!lt buosle, g1 deecuprc rnupohlulul qllohtotd.lan, ]de,llaf oosto
ln report ou uugc.lt etira8los, hlogloe gr g;enroglce, iu, ,rot*
::al , ou uugchJ-ul- 1tryl.ral" lnj orror" rn rols g;tand ar blln6uflro
zu ,
lorvui osto Inc r..,,-rclr;at- ,Le o0neJui lul Wbarton, gl- cau: nlrtsont d.e
iiltla pr:c.[rtniLii ;' Si;.rrx1el subJ.lngUc]0. IU )-oJ11o noI.,,uJ- irtpo6lOe,
iAralne uuti no11-.1I lJ.ngu"li.,
.p9 ti.nr.:eul_ sriu orlzouiai, ter.v.ril )_.!ng"ral e..:€ ans:<ai
i.lii grng.Llon, ee0rat o,rb nor-r gL zuoponcat d.s acaetg p::l,n
cl;sve
ilLoir': f lno t galiSiir;nui aubrr.rnd.lbu.]a:l a iui. hleckolo Iri ncrneotuf
1,r ca]:o noi'\'!i I;Logual::reco
lntle g_larig eub-tiUsueld. gJ. nuqcirJ.ul
gonlog.Loo, Lg! enerxBaj,rd. un nou gan6)-iioct geng)_
loirui e-rrbllnguaJ-
q ]ul .Biandir.,
1!nr1g1g;rJ;Io " Pa traiecltui FHu, norvul. Ilngr:ei. leej lzoa_
;.tr soet;rtonOae I

"Ie nl..rslul ep,l;lulul !nlor!!er11gcJ.,Jlan, cu neaLveo*

I ar lrr-f erlcr I
apr..1.nflq ui] r1e ia uon-*_L fecloi c.L.uru3E renu:t Bn€,E1,cF-
,to b1o5.l ;:,er,1il" ci rr:nc.e i j-uiiir u,.rLu j, (li " c):o:r1s i:;yli;:an1) , c qr€ ad.uc o
.l-1n.4-ral.r-riui. fi-irre ?,a!€ci.o;r.r.ri1sr ili"egan6ilcirigi:rg Crr.Ls nuoleiri o11_
J.var r:t:perrlot, al ir:rx€:rtiisdl.arrr.^ul. lul" W.:1nbe::.g;
l-
' ;
*5::. ioJr gl;r;:C;.!;rurlJ.ccua-t-o p::1nr;l;,tr; rt rrlm.;,rd
anaBto_
uoi j-o! de tu F*.i i

::l
,ll
:l: {
i:l
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'l

i.ff{ffi1f9ffi,r,6{eT$:st$l:iry&s.Hiii;$ir:Iif,iB--Wif.i€itffi!ffi*rffi.Eis,Ifftsrfs-iwtf8?$8fri{lsEKFr.zriiiriirlrslnBrE*.Tsxfti"il
 -J

*] _ )t? *
'ii flrer; anestouotro cu oor/uI mrroi:roi",r.1en,.
=,sohLorrrf r,o
.rai

t'm,rt-q-i!r.gtcra13. re traroot, nervur. 11n6uar

€mrro
-.L
.u0r0roBaB rBilur1 c,rr",aterare mrcl oouzrtrvor
d.eetlnnto lnerrr!1el
",',
*uooBeol y5lr.r.lu1 ;,;tlstln gl tonellelor peletln0
valo gl a .plernrTeulul oevltd!ll bucalo. r mucoacel g1n6t_
Dn lt o _ramurl f lne psrss lurpetlc
o pontru BLencla eubnsn,-
dlbularil, i1t un f tl,et au1_r! lro (n. aubllnguat le
) as aBoUenOa pArA*
o I nipat lo , 1ro ntru gl a;n,1a
eubl ln8usId.
Ite,mur.lle beryl+al.e alo norwul_uI llnguri}
t'r elnt de et;1n+-
rf,ucoaeel rei;e t rn:ierroqro s rrab{r g1-
torloaro alo ,fe!o I do::ealo qIs ttmbl!.
uuooaeol oo}or 2/) a:n-'
,

b' r{ERVt'r, xryrOr,AR ri{xrxrOn (N.arvoorarre rnferror),

n€ry mlr-b, cl.onlnant eonzltlv, eete oeq nsl
volumi,noeed.
s uiandlbr'ilaml'ul (i'rntlnud. d.lreo!ta nervul-ul mend.lhrlarlrem*rd
doeolp-
de lntre oo I clo r 7oh 1 pberigo rd lent gt po
mr-r
eterlor do nervuJ lrn,_
gual , apol rlntrre pt'orrgord.ranul ned lsr
qL f ala mad.ieru. a ramurrJ.
seoendsnto * nrqnc.rtrurer. 6oeegto la orlf
lctur poetsrlor ar o ana_
lul ul alveo.:_ar, lnf e::J_or (I,oranen mand tbuf s6) qt
oo angeJeazd, in
aceet oanalr Fo oarepr polcujrEo ptnx. ra goura
neotonrl"J., ,o,r"
B8 terulnl. r,rrn norlui rnole{v gl nernr:-l'msatonro:r
(N.nenta}ta).
In p''inn purto a trsreotur-ur.ed.u, (opaftur interpro-
rlgoldlan), esto Ln,cr'.,,plgat modrar do n.ooarda trppanutur
bural do erter-',s naxllrird. .ilrterB alveolard. lnforloarL
gl Ia_
oaro_I
:'in oo !o gt e ln o r:riri-rlu,L u.l-vool
ar lnf orlor, a o ailp oryt er nervulu!
i:rrtrq ia nrveru-L orr-e ro iur.ur poetorl0l
sr" or:DAlUlul .
Bggl]_".,?!r)._.oi;ole l,tl- qlo norruir.rl ajvborar tuJorl.r
'.,:l
slubl
1,, rienurr urnastonot1oe ou no*rrr rlngual (Rr.oonaunr-
C uu''; eo cllm n,,Il.nguul..;t)
"
oltltun (Nrmylohyoldeus) o. Se 1Losprlnd.o
? u li orvr_i] mll.oh.l
,11-tt airroola:E ln momcnbul rrngeJb.rll ssaor;uIn f.u
oenalu.]. mau,Jlbule;:,
ir8 ngunr,[ 5.n qsnfrrr nrllohtoidtsn gt ajunge prln
tnteruooj,ur s-
r.rr:stul.1 per fc,!a J.rrfer:loar[ a bug,]irfulul
m{l.ohlol<I!an, parcurgo.,,
roJa gJ-nndel euhnqndl.bur-aro, pr'func er.tuuu, Int:cs gland.x
91
lir'rEch j-ul n j-lcliicloiarr. [cbe Lneo
!it ,1s artora eu'bnnntald. drn r, ,
:l'rrr:t"a:'tr* ql do ,gura3).10:-r.J.i .Lj.ufatlcj. qJ" grupulul
.:

r:ubmqndlbuler.
lii'rr-V''i-1. n!Lr:iil.cirlrri n E{i rirzo.L'"-r-r f-n
roglunou lnf ranentonlerd., ia
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?'l 'r
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Do
Tei:ltor11Ic c.r :.norvejle c.ute.Eg_![ a]-o rrer,,ruIul
tr]gom.on.
r"Terirorlur- nerrulul oftalnlot rr" for,ltorlur aero-
I mnv.{'r o-.. rrT. !arlto:lul'l:err.tr}ul. mand.lnrl_arg
'ruItt
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J. Ranuri. cqro 0{3 aldbar[ nerwu]u1,. aurlouioteuporar

(Rr'connunlcant0B oum n. a';rlcurotonporerL) gl ee dlstrl-ou1or
'La glan"a perotrdE. (F-enl parnbt,r.ei-), cdrols lL aduo
ri.'auu:'i pa:aslnpetic € DoBtgangiionard ou r:l_ e:roJ-toeeorotcrl
=1q mLICOASa Cgeel ti rnnsnrr'l rr{ (tr manbfaneo 1.y*panJ,') ,

!e:eci:ea 'n
NDN'flJL .4BDUCE1.T8
(Nermo ebducene)

un r)€r/ mctor cu or:lgino pon'blnri, destl:rat

n,..1'i;e 1ner..-
va t1e1. mrrgohlirl.ul drcp'; l:teral aI Lul_bulut ,f c\rIBi.

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&apu:.lIo- .terutln.eL o apsr, l-a nlvelul gdurlt montoolorst

l" Nor-rul bo1sl,l, contiuud. oiroc Nla aLveoierulu
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' lete ej.tuat ln rebartnrratsrp;raiA,. .
fnedfat:ur.O uu,ou
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'rul pr'borlgoldlanulul nedtal. Cdnetliute strdbdtut de ne:*-
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De'1a ne,-n..'r- t'lnpanio al rut raoobson.(N.fynpanroue)
prrln nJ'cul norv proi;rce (,::.pct'-oeu-o
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ca 1;ct*porai-ulu1 p:rln h{et;ul qoo€Bor,
so anqatonoaeazd. 6u o ra_
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e nervuLul
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af. lui Arno'd., aJungin.
f a fosr 'lruretompcrrarH unc.e
ae tortrtnd re, gsnglronu.r. otto (rHaa_
olna lrrngl a gengllonulul ottc), jcsgt
pqrssS.*patloc pr€gan-grlonare pleoate
fllet norvoa aduco flbro
do ra nuoreur salrver rn_
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2' Do i-n ;prexur atmpatlo dln
Jurur-erierel menlngeo
n:LJlot:J.1 ( rHaHotne ralmpa,ttcrd gangllonulul)._i-i.,;
a r r,..,,";
3, De 1,l nervur. riendJ.burar (f tlero eerlzltlve).
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uedlal gl ld lan
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. 2o 0 rannrrfi ponl;ru ne;.vrul, muqchful\-rt"

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stnumlrrl, d.s :I
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iiot rul .Ln.ur.;nrcdlar vt,lr-:borg este un o€ry.

eenzltl,r*
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91 fn
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L.l r.t_., rl l-'r:-ir i | ;rL ri : i i'l-,tr .,'t.,.:

sL'iirJliir'!r:lo ler nl-,ioiur i;rirulul oor; al cunu*u1r_i1r ri1.r.lirj,ui
6tt::if i:rrUl.ul rre, rLrrlLLt,f,t', j)i.:sr:eqr.g ce riqj-Ul oilc:_al-ulul p:.^nl,.r:*u::
o:'i':li"ci-u (i'rs";ua -L'.r:- i.arro;r::) ce:.,:-i aiuoe r:rr::*ua
Ean.p i.i, ce
f a [a anb er-:euperiosrf'a ::tlnc;l ionpcreiu:uf, sB"'e"uuto,o."oulr. ':
oq e d-{.e ri:r:.ui tl,npenro q} iui.rjeo,ob!i;d:'i,iL,..Tx.t''' -l
l

"rrBr\ri.
no::.ru1 pJ"e;lcc p:rrI';ec, ca:o €sre o x,s'nulI-=uio,nr,t:..91'ai',r-
sl oo -l
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po::i-ca::r:tl.riJ,8n, f o:nlnc r€r.rir .n"oiu:.ot' ptturtgolilaot
oi.;",
ptorygr:idor) s6u nervui vloie:; aoes.oe' pE"uJ.,;,tn,' or!ntu:t'
i]{, ceneils
oi.in
Jlo::{itrr,n leooi-.rn r;l- so anga jeazL po t,,.'.t.1i9"!,:50;Or"9g5ri,.gii;.
r,'
oi:rrarul" ptorli;orci.an; ajunge !r foas ptbr:-gopnratinrituo,,iu'n,u
;oi"nj-nl[ fdolnd cJ.ruap€o cu no';.xonii s"nrii'toirrrri,i;t."rgo;,oluti".
!!sr'eio ncru plotrcs ccn!1.ne tlbr,o ;nra'sl'patiie p"rgo"E:.lcrerc
oalo Bc;rl€so clo ]e nuol.er:r lacr:lnonuconaiel" -r,'lb:r:erle post;gai6llo-

r.@ffi li.ffi ng.!E!1ll7fTfi$!xr$;!n:"inFl!!'rr,L-I}rJ]'lffi

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it6l-,3 0,r d. lrl';i.'i-i)u1c Ci.o lri sarrgllrlrrr,rl ir1;orj-topcrl-o+;In 01.,r-u gIqirti,sll . ;,

'.

,, oCr. loU-Ll.r qI 0])f €i lll0n(irJl.,. L'1uco& C0 Ol..J ttt\rcqrguill lia::uIu.

'J. .llrcolst{irri,, clln gsrujllonul- EoLlcul"ab :leacd J.atr>-
_i'lJ ,Jo ple.,j{.1 riiru.l- ln 1-Lt-rt Jrrl''/cc (d.r.tDtrml', iu to:rmlnoI{J[il-o ro-
t1(:l 11

nrclit,a ecd nerrt,tL. nLc 1r1.,:troB sLIIJelf lclal,r , f llot c a,:'o BpL'ir'6 Iro
Irrlt] snNurouuy;er-IOu"rd ,:r urlitcll prln hlal;ul Bcc0il:::'1u. ijo tinrU-.
j:r,mo:;etai,,d. (ju n1oul. n011' p lei;l'oc (r-anulil lln nolr.n:I 1;lmpanlo
,J.rcoitrj()Lr nl tiloecifarlngl-anuIul), t-runchlul rlomun. rozufta'b pdrii-
a1nr1 cranlul ll,rLill;F.uI oJ'lflolu,5Ltuat !ctrr gsu-ra oval6. gl fir]uiu
r:plnoaod (CanallcuILrs :l-nnornlnatus a Iul ArnoId). .rlJuno i,n f oeiO
,lnf rat omporal.[, Bo 1,'ornilrtrl ln gengllonul ot:lc, Trariopori,-d. f ib.r:o
noto.rlL clln I'aolal rJl lllbre pBrBslmpatloe o:':olt-oeecretorJ-l pa-
i:tll,Ll'Las .11r. IX.
''
a. Ne*r.vuJ- mr-Lr;oltlutui LcdrtteL (l{. etapecilue), Pleecti
I

rti:r:flaclal ln. pcr!luneei <leecenCentd 0 oBnalulut friclelulul. Pii-

;

.i,:r-rn<io ,intrrun canal.L,ju, I oripat' ln etlncd, cere-I cclr(luco ptnE

i,,r ir :lilnldir. In,?rVoal,{ mOtc)I' nugc}rluJ. oo5;'1'1,,:1 (Mue culr-ro stap,er-

;. Lus r

+" N. coaxL;r ti.rnnenulut (C)rolda fi'm1renli. !ii.::iac;icc

;. ito j-al-uI tot 1a nlvol.ul pontluhll d.e6cerdont;a q car-alulul f acl.n-

1-irr.uJ-., ia l-4 mrn. ileerr:utrB, g[url1 otllomaetcrJdj-ene. Se Lnclreaptd

i-1 au B, inalnb e gl itutf si[ (rocure ni,-) tnl'rinct Lntr-o por! luno
:rt:su.iLciii e flgu::ll pJ-r:llotrnpenJ-oo poetelloaro cBl'e coDcUi';uler
"r;anoI\lJ-'r poe t,3ltIor sJ- corzll, 0r1-f lc iul ant orlor al rlcestrul
rri{rnol so ci,:ao.:ricLe Ire pc::ettei.o poa'berlol a} crSBol tImpanUlUl.
i:L;1-VUI, b'r'il,/elcn.'ozli 1n::cns poetor'oatrtoi:l.or c0sq t'lmpanul-u1, f'or-
riij rLd o c)urbii rlu oouca\/i:qtos Inf erloarti ln lungul peretolul Ia*
i t r.rl sr- cscol J.n1;lc ninelr-il clocanuLr,rl (llon.ubrlun mal.l el) s1-
rl
'',r-,
at Ia'l;ora-1,, rlJ- ranru:.'t1 vortlc alfi a nicovalel, (Cn-rs 1-ongr-rn !n-i '

iLrdJ-E) l1';r.raid rnocliaL, i,'lurloeEa cas0l tini-r4ngiul, 11 apllcd' pe

:i,:'r:t;ui f J-bro; al itieml;r:rttit'J " liJ,rna lu i,oreteio ttriterlor al ooB6!'
l
., 1mponu j.rrl, Bi:r c,n[inJen::,i1 in cane]uI anue'rlo:: el ccrzLL, osnal-u1' ';
1u;uct pritlln rj.,lel Eulrro er,:iztr11 }uj. GL.sitol. f oas d1n cranalul an- '
i
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',t;'Jc,I' 1;:lr.L';r--l:ti oi'lf i.otu vocln Cu ;1 ila e :i'enol'itiful, t;'lVoTbea-r

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,',ij 1'caa in-f :rGr.;{i[rpo]rs]ii i r',rCiotr macliu] d e er::tlcuia! la te upc'IomBD-"-:
,i1tr'.ilul;i, ql <lc r,lrj-ul. el'r crolql iljo:'j.or. 8e termlnI an-netot]lo-"
.:;-\irrl.,:-.sc i.n un6;hf aaoi: !j-t cn i,c,J'r,'l Ilng':aI, rantu'd' borrnlrlal"I
a

liLi oC.ihl:a:'ul.ti:1., C0crJli ',,'inipnntrlr,,1 ucrril.na f1-bro ptlraillmpailcu '

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bmu rxl 1 inr.i a.I i 1 (^) b,r. rnsu., i l l ;1 ;; ;,, ;" ; ;,;; ;,
j,;" ";;."; r l.r rr,,
dostlritrto lnorwri[1.er ocnzltlvo ql tllui;nt lvol Lr o,c eror, rr,/J ")
0r]u0-
.r"t-(){ir'fr rt t.rl rirrrconr; ol J'<t tii J_ dor:cll-s a t1." ,, ,,. .:.
}trnlr
5. Iif mLrJr_rrrrrbor.oticd ou rJlr'rul li![r proacii drn f n-
oirrl. ia aoo.1 aql nL.rel. cu procorlenbul, gl cr,rr.ga jeazil l.tr-un
laml-J-or-rI saput L:r stlncrli pr::ln caie njunga i.n fooa golfulul vorrol
Ju$rla::o do po f o {;o Inf or.ioerlii u rr;j.nr:lr. oonr;ursorri po::ete}e Bn-
1;o:,'lor aJ. gorf ulu:L ( bulbLLr) vono I Jug6ule r.o ln1;,erno g l. ao ternlni.
in gaagilonul jup;ui.ar. aI vegulul,
O0!!!liU!I,lji IliTzuPIETLO.4,U" I " llomrr:ru nnastc mgtlc{ .
.
ou -rlo,:of arlnlllarLrl, (RamuB communlcans cun u g:t.rraooli*:il*"i
" ; il
IrJ-ooctJ r1o uuI'g,tula stilcnraai'oldlcnH., merg€ inatnt-o qi !nriuntru, ,r I

1t'i;a::a,! do upoli izu, ai-lIoJ,d.ri, 0onfulsazd. In ensii f a;ri rrntorlocrd ri

B vor0J- J,{irlcro l.ntorne (anoa
,lut IIuIlc::.).,.vd..g(1...,!-'i-m:!nd 1n glc--
uofar'lrr11larr pu!tn sub .l:irrgiL,:nuri irrl lDdO"OUn"l' l | ,lr. -.:
, .,-.:
2. j!!,U!:L.
_11gggulul acuail.q extorn, p]eaoU.
Itamulg__g
clJ'n facrlsl
sub baz.a c::an1',rlui, n8:rBo qsoond"ontr ji.nc:u,:tf,u*:5 oi*
te.ra nu::1.culu:d postorioq:1,, corr';u'.'razJ. margrn,:8. {rn-,;er:lorru
a
il'c),lesulttl nrentoldlAnr 1,-i';lv.'_rlts'Jl:r5. po:,:t/alO lror;tcrJ,or oa,r.ttIa_ ':l
,.l-rtrle s-L.ni:rlt'"r1r"ri, .7r Bq:0u oivii J-e:-pie1r.,q .I
;ra,,,.1:-rcnuJ.ul (0,:nca, i'i
'ura{-|.rsr ,:ncii:a6ua, q'tolioifi:,
1c'cu.L); -.ploioe ooBtu_Lurl ,:ui.ltiv, ,', J

rl
ox-ior-1 r o e
',ir.i'!*., .f r-.'"'ei 1g-;cl rl.a e llrpsuuJ,.ri o Ter1.lg9-,1U.1 c.0
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1nc::.,'ai1"o ccntlci:r-i; <ie €c0{;; nei.,:, conci;li;ule;:orj.a 1u1,
Rr:meei, il
iir r n {-
ii
i.
mU'JL_gg:tc:f!c:{_29€r lgJqqlrt (N . eurrcul-a::t_g Doc_
Ila
trri-Or), or:f r.] o lanuld ncl'v,.rurri ll1:r;rl. prcaoii c.ln faolei ia ro_
g lloq s,Jootu.lB aln gauru €jtrj.l.(lutnstoid.lenii.
iile16,;o l:r:fa::ii epro
merg;lno,e untcrioa:ir e procaeul.uj. ilasiololan, ti,crJlnll ani.r:iol
d'e p,lnt,eceio pooro::ior al. olgee-crJ-ouru1, epol urrrE"?c'.fa.i;::,
la;e_
rrrid. e xr.rctcl,J.oi- l:l u1;:or:e:ea rc:;i:tl eelo c:lr::i.oe:e, se anas-.
t;oqrog-egj,.i eu larnura aur j-cr.:lerii e- plexuLul- .re:vlc,rLl supo::,1c
1ai; ,
Bo tern:!-:ld pr:l,ntrL!rn. f llet asrond est cre ::a !rooe ii;rt::e T.rq{:rrol<iE
71" pavl.,L,1on e1;ra nu:gchl! su.r.J-cuia:i. (;-.rc.i.mor;arj.,)
r gl',"ru
f llet
rr'lzcnf,rr-L 0ai,rj m0rg;oln i,ung,.il j.!ulcI nucaJo. , 3r1protre sDre ru9_
rLlu.r oor:lplt-i:I (r",.rcc tpltalii) 91. plcrve r,r6iun:Ll. occ,lp j.tera, I

RT Wffi.WF,ffifl trffiffiffiw,ffiwsmmffis!ffi**.q€*a*@F@.*Kr*^^
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:rr"1
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,,\. .r. --1.-_: !.r,. -..-a --1 .
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t I-,a \,.- iJ u .r tl J- .Lj- tJ u iJ

;){rLiLL-) plnt;urlBl.v Iio.j l,'{ilj-1.)1.' u.l. 1J-gart1;r.Lc;tJul .';.1 lrrrrit,-1.'r-l ruur;;r:)-rlg.l

ut l:.ohlo lol arr.
). ile nrirq.llriru.r] li (l.iurur.ri Iin5uaIlir) . Inconstantr\.
Clnri o:.:icla, BC jntla'.to cLa j.u [jcurB eqllomasbrrldJ-onri;rlndr Ia
balrt IJ-rnblI. In1!i-eI or:f o sl-luouti let-s::al rl€ tl. Btl.Lo.f arln61an,
a1,c;l- po fa!a ]ubc:-'ala n farJ-ngolul, unoc Dr'.i.r.rg:7te fL.Leto cj.o la
n0n.l:1 gloaofarlnl;14n.'l.oco Ln conll-n.usr0 fn1;io strhul Bn,,;e*
::I:rr al vd.Iulul pnlnlln 41 tonBlla pulailnii, aoelnd -La bazs Il.rp-
b1"1. uncl€ Bo ranifl.odt o:in fllote'Duooss0, senc,ltlvo, pentru nu-

0r1r€iq 1J"ubt11 o:flJ.oto uo'borll pentru nruFOhluI stafl.logloo 11L

clr;-ioglos.
!$[q.$.,p. ltl;i,t,i]'|L1lq, .{Juna lln groalrnea glanCel per.c-
t.lc-e r out"ul li;;,I rt .t,0*ioU prlnl rriutrur0 ouporloerrd, e€u
r,)rnporof ac tald tjr,nml tenrporaloa) 1 ar,0nlurI lnf erloa:U. aai:. o ervl-
oofEole.LU.,
1. n.rrinrrfj. t?gtpal.J,f Bo.talg, :.eue cl1n 6rce lmea gIa no ei
pa:rbldo qL ncrE;o obilq i:n zu0 41 lpal.ntal prtnequo oltova ra-
au:L unqJrcmotlce d.o Ia nrlrul aurlouroronforol epol ee d.tut:l*
bu:; Ir:.n nuEcrc,qfie f :-1at,t (i:umporuio, jlcn;alor paipobz,nlc,
'Dua;,:h:il pielogi
rrazr.,-o , buo nIo) , Jq a lruq!t ricaeupra planulul
tra b.r,rt cla le oomi-ortrE hrurIA lc oonc.llul uBnd.lbule l.
, onllsto:l,s feropolale ee d!strtbuj.o Iq trugohll aulrlou-
]ar rrnterlor, Ia nugchll ireILorlut, t'rogusurul qt sn!ltra6usurui"
-X'l1ato.-e frontrale eo (t-!etrlbule le mugqhlul- frontal
(YeL,r er f :'cruialls nuucull ocolpltofrowalls).
.tr'llebo)-o pa].'pcbrala i,nervoatI nugoi:ll orb!cu]sr al
plor;c,pelor gl oo.r:rt6ator aup€rp11i!.
-IlloLsl-e nacialo (mrborbttsro) lnorvoarir. mugohtlr
r1-gr;,uetlo nar€, r;-g;onetJ-o mloy Ievntor on6u1! or1e, l-evetor ]sbtl
Bunc{rlor'lu, levr.r'!'or' }ab1:L euporlo.r'Ia nIoqu8 nacl, pnoo€1"Ltsr pcr'.
glurillo aIard. 4,1 t'ranevorel{. a ,nugohlulul nnzai, ryt n;Lrtlf ormu1"
"3'j.iet;ul.a llrcalr Bup6tloaro lner"leBrrJ. hugcirlul buool-
nni;cii' q L jumiitntca siipor,:i.onrd. a orbJ.oul-am1ul ttuzelor.
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:'.:.a

prlnogbo ruuu|I aneotomot,lco c-lo Ia ruurr.rtt aLLfloul.arA a pluxu1u1 .,ir:t

.'t, i;'

co.r-vlcal zuporfj.claLr gl B{r i'8oJ.fiqd. pr-!n fJtota br:calr: lnftrlcer.*

r;ir
fB' tr€nt0n10ll3 91 corvlcuJ.e, Ia mugr:hI1. srlLtuafl eub plsnuL lre- ',!

ea'b do ra comlmrra b'cerri la corrflrur urac,ciltruLol. j':'

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.tr.!l_eteIs bucclo lnfcrloaro elrrb d.oeblnirtJo mugchlior :

.li

buoolnator, ri-eorlus gl Junptd!tJ- lnfarlc,iire a orbli:ularulul bu-. ,j'.a

zol-or.
::l
=tr'
j-l etel-e mcntonlore Be rsmlf Icd. Ia nru;cirll d.epreeor ..:l
anlglJ, or1o, cLeproeor rebrl rafcrlorr-s gl nsnton!e1,, -;.l
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'Fl.]etel'o. oerrrlct.'1.e sIni d.oatlnate uuqoh,Lului platlern. :ql

.::lr l
tluFTote.e,. {ii trargg.tur sdu, r;J- prrn 1n1;ernod rur ra- '':l
:i.r ll
.qur'i1oreelo,nen.u'}facta].roa11zeaz5.nuCI,e:c0ag0arr&gtomoz8n :1:.dl
::l(t

I. Cru norv-r,rl, voatlbuloooohisar, l:r lntori"orul" neatulul.

l;-:-,: I
,:ti
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l
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I

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e. cu nernul gloeofaringlan, pri.n lntern.xLlur nor,,.ll-or, '',l
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p Le i,*:-:g lo rl
I

j, cu'ragur, nrlr, !a;'rrnsdJ-ul- ramirll ai:i:rstcno-blcla cu ,i

va g'.r1 .
4"trlgenel':lt a) C* ue:*',.ui c,f1;,aleic ;ri,ln rsnuJL_l,a
Cu
froutalo d1n tenpoic't:cnteI an{isronoitos cu :iBE,ulcll.r:r fl.cniaL,a
aIo aupraorbLta:ulul. b) fir no::.ru] naxlltrt l.ru !;rj:,qor.bl.ba:e
dln tonpcrcf aofuI ss ai1€rltonosesz,l ou i: Lr:.,:hetu.r-u.1. laf raorcL_
"
Doro g) Cu nanoi'a:l-a.ruit prin a.coart'.a iiusranulu;L care
se s.r1e€.ljij-
noc sszA 0u n.i-lngual; prJ-a ran:r:riIe o€r/:-coiiiroi-sJ.€
0nG a.bcnot Loe
c\l )x6ryll uonl;,lnlei1.
5, tJu elnprriJ.oul-, prir fJ.j.r:iore cr:1-up,ai.Lor oar€ soi:-er:o
ia norr.rl oor..ri.Lulul pr;o:160 j-d,la:: (:gr-rl .rlo.:Ln:).
6. (lu na:c*o :r0:-/ eu-rocolplral A:r:cid., !iln ranuril
nurjlr:u-).rlri pce:orloarit a ne:-nrl_ul faclal.
' i '' 7, ()u ramul:Ll-e p),ox'u]-ul ceiltua.Ir

ir,-:.,
,
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pBreol_rrle VII"i
tllil('/ JL '/ri.;l liit L.,rO(.;lLLlt,{!
(li , 1'0 tt b l, hir l oc ocnleBrl R I l{ . cta.boe crr of 1cu o ; ill.. octarrue ) .

-ucte un'Br'uorzorlBl burbopontln, cBre ee dezvol_td.

riln dor.lv,il'r,rl_€ voal.ouiel ot1oe. Eete oonstltult
dlntr_o
tii acuobkti (Rad r,r rnlrorlor) , c,rg vehloursezd oxcrta oonpon,6n_
jrlre Bcu€_
t;loo de 1e .r-valii-L orgenulur optrul cortir g1
o 0o{nponsntd. vee_
Llhrlard (Iterdlx e*pe.r1.or1 pare veettburerle) oaro reoop!l'noaza,
g1 conduc: 1".mpres j_unil_e d.oetlna.be menllnorll
eohlllbrulul.
(luFor'rEir'rA tcUsrr-cl (!udtx
lnf error) este f oruratd.
dtn axont:r. neurorrl.lor dtn gangr-ronur eiri'a' rr-;rrA;;-;;,;;ri) "'
9l dtn gengllonul lrrt Boettc.troru .{xontj, ,nu" Ia baza nod.l<l1ul,ul
.L:r profun:;lmea moatulu! ecuetlo lntern.
ipol, Or*"rrr* ,".i," 6oue_
t.Lc lnterrr gl aJung Ln foes oranlsnd poatorloaril
pe ou"u o etrr{-
bat prln ep,eilui rlurrqrshnol,d.lan al oletarnel bszlrqre,
pe un
t,''eleot obll': modrar- 9t rn Joe, pe zub nervtl yrr gl
vrr bj_e.,
-4,Jung lq nl'rirrul rJe'lulul burbopontln, gl
pd.tru'c ln trunchlur
c orebral, le L-oru1 rle yrr qr
'Lr Irr{
vrr b1e , prtn f osota r-atersrd. e bu_L*
vL.4 q*
a

0l\{I'OlglI[i, i V]t $,1'I Bt[,4R n (iladlx zuportort

1l
pars veetlbu-.
Larls neryl clctavJ..) , oelto formaUd dln qxonll'
nouronllor cllo gan-r
g!l- tonul Iu1. ficarpe,

lJcrnd'-rltoIo qoeetor neuronl fo,-eazH. f lletols

norvllor
0r'pul-grl e.f errror, rateral, poet er10r, enourBr, gt
utrtcular,
nst'vL o{.rro linroglst;rr-'ezii exortailtle stat.ocrnetloe
de r-s oeruJer-
re eenz0r:ltrl-o dlrr niaculero utrlcurar.il, eaoculard gl d.o ra oree_,
bclo am;rulrr::o, l
"...,
Prezlntli aoor"aqt'tr:aroob gr raporturr oa gt compone'- '

\', rt acu s f loi .

L'i-rtnrrr,:l in tr.rrichlul cerabr:ar. tot 1a'lvarur fo..r€tel
J,l,"i,r';iJ.rl u lrrrILtrlu.,.,

F$ffiffiffiffii$i:r -,'11,.,.1:,.:.-i'tg:i Effil

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ilijiiVUL Gi,v rfJ:f1, rjlljl 4r
(iil . gl o et o o p h nly n1q u e
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Iib'fe lill n0rY nlxt bttlbgr, cBr€ lner"voazi mrr.gcSij-

fa*
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oxo lto€oor€torto pentra gIaule pa:..otldE.

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rn *onontul tn cai'e pd,r'd.segl,'o c'aniuJl, ocupd. piartea
gnuerloa::l{ qr mod.i.ald a gd':rlt
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tera ooc l.pLtal-[ I i3. Gan6llonu]. Irrl ln<loroohl 7. Norv'ul,
tlmpanlo Jloobacnl B. Gan6ltonul Jugular aI va6ululi
9. Geng}lonul plo.xt{orn al vagultrll I0. Nervuf larlugou
auperlor'1 Ilr Banurs nsdlal5. n neriulul gocbnorg 12. ln-
ao19 plexulul oorrloal. | ,L}i Geng.Ilouul Buporrol' al. elnx- , .:
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af rrrj. Arno.Ld 9! ao ter.*
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pJ"erlf,crnr a.L vog"u+yl t
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r:r aproplorea ,lplgloto,i_.
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u811 crs0cunr ou uo.r-o drn Jurrr:i.r,ur fora_
;rn*t,ea opus5, formrnrl rn. jurur aceetsla
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Er,rn{;'.r}"r1 ool-atorsJ_ poetorl.or, Lntre gloaollaringlen
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Tn'4ir''cg!- Ds r-a o;rlgrnoa eprent', vaguJ. ea ln.dreept,.
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gnr13I'lc;nul Jugurnr (55an6rtcn ,

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r?,ii'ilr \IrrI..-Irpor'1;ur j-ro '1-rLl,.raclorrir:n0 uu

gl".oo-fa.lr:.[ie,rr]il{.'=l,a nl.,,,rlr.rl- 1.;,ii,r,il.-;J,..,,,:-u"u, d.rf crii c10 e1e,
vagul .ete el_
1,uet por-rierio,c rJl. r-aterar ds groeofar.lngrun,
onterlor qr mo<Irar
ds au0€eor. gl cier .vena jugulalil lirtei-nii. La ac,aet nlvel,
po trs_
leci;'ll \r{r6urur cota prezenr- ga',q11onu1 Jugular (genglron mrtr>errue).
'=T,8 grt, vagur pritmnde tnlf1al in ,:pa!lur rei;roelir_
111n, f l.J.ri,:l altr.ra'b in unghtul d lcdm doochlo pceterlor
d.lnt::€ ar-
t0re csrot;Lcd l;rternrtr ql vena Jugulard Internii. La nlvel-ul.r4raltu_
lul letro grrlrlan o ote prezont voiumlnoeur gary5J_ lon proxlf orrnl .

8qrv:.r-lon ln oare coaogte ranurB ruodfalil (d.e blufuroa!ie) a acl.r:eBo.-

:'ulul.. Norn,rul glocofarlnglan osta r:ltust anter,lor gl ued.ial <ie
vrg.ltlpoglrrsul ee1;o qltuqt pe ug plan pooterlor va8ulul, sv1.rd
1n1f1.aI o rrl.tua!ls mortlalb. t'a!E rlo vag,dpol, f,noruolgoazd. fer:pa
pooterloa::il a var3rji:-ull FI irece lin Joe gl lna{iqrdr Lnt:rs,.ug; qf
csroilda l'ternd medl,sl., gl vena Jugutard lntornx erl;us-
'ltuete
tri letsra.l" PosNralj.or.cle vag eo 65d.eegto gqngllonul euporlor al
slrnpat-lculiLl c onrlo qI, oslo s opa::i. vagul de f aeo la gl muqollJL
ltuvari;glt_L'eIl.
'.[n ::og j.unoq
oerottdlanri (r.agiunoa nugchtulul sto:rnr
cleJ"donqr:.toldi-a*) .regur tpr pd"etr:,saza sltua!.ta in un6hlul
dtedru
d-lntlo &::i;oln o{iro1ildH. lntersI. ry1. nnf Joe1. ortera oarotldA oc}mu-
ndr taedlnl, ql verna Jugulard lnte,rnEo Lateralr ,inaapblu*l aooetor
clurnoriNo ersbo oircrrmocrre d.o o teaoE, oonJunotrvil.t teqoa
vaeoulartl
BAtl it:leCet tnl'ini_inohirr-LuI vaeoulone1l/Os q erVlEel.,
c-In to.Bror raportu:rrro d.lf erfr poptrru vagur dr*pt .f qf5
do co.L st'l.niJ.
Vr:1gI rJr:;pb pdtrunde ln tr)r.&o6 lnbro vsna gl ar.tergi
i:ubo1fivls t::eroo la'tjorel de trunohlul qrtella} brehlooefa1d-o
el
':lo trerlroo, :lnr;re t;aheo ryi arour voirel €zygoen r,ncruo f geezd. :f ala
lroai;elloqr'{X. s brr:rno,lrlo{ rtreptlo ln aproploreq or!gtnl! goostel6r
lal lrrf;ab.nrnglo go irlosoazd po narg{neq d_reap;rI., apot po fagq
pocter,losr.il a o oofnr3ulul.
vi:rBril utJ-n6 pdtmnde ln tora'rd nelgfid ln runsul oraro*
r,'ldet (romunc) atlng1., incnrclgeazA f r-,!a antarolri:orslu. etf.igE s
alourrri aort;lo, apo:1, Lnoruo lg'eaz,[ f a!a poeterloarI. a pedfcuilu- :"
lul lr:.i.'iionnr:' etli:gs Ia d!el-an!d. d o orlglnoe bronble t etingi. t 'u'''"
rnt'::e o;"cn;ilcr, se 'ri.asr:ead, pe narg;lnea sttng{ r esof agulut6 rpoit*
p0 Ie Ea e q anb €r1.r:0rrE , lniro o sof ag- ql_ _lqxl_ggrd.. I,n portlurleB .: ;,;: .;1.
,1
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ii
l.nfrn'lrorrr;J cil r rl0i'vl 1. v/llj I ,;l
^ii-,r -. (,1-, r1rrnl'i.np.A
(lil.oxr-r(i oul;r.)[).1 lr-r 1.',r111 1;) i,.,-t,
irohtm'uu1'l dir j':-l)r'o lnt;r'r:
=Iior-vl1 vagl rihriijra'r: dJ-,rfragnq pnln or.ifj.r:1ur oeofu-
ijJ-alr ol ncoe tu1n, rnrl, l. i-o-.r rrnr.rl. -1,.n-lncirl vagal.. anlcr::1or p.rcooo--
f ng,l.an(l-ntncr-ia vltjal:l.s itr,tcr.1,.,::),;r I por.:tcrlol., r'cL.r.oonof ogli:n.
I:cr-rncus virl;u)-1 6 poBi;erior)
, =I n a b<ioilo n, tr-uirch lul vagr,I anr,o:r'1. irr !.q:. menf Ine B J._
i:Lraila !,riEc {\c)f.Dt:iarnd, rli- se ie,zo.i.v:"r extr,apor:,it,onscI prln .rBmrlr j_
{irt 0trlc o anf sr'loilr.-o (.1,r lutr ernl-eli-oar:5. gi I,a oul'bu:'n ntcii a
'
ci;rlr[{]cr,rluij
1 : \
1r ltlJ-n lt;ltrj,rli hor_, atiOO. ';
I

;
.t
.: . Truur;;:l-ul -rl1;ltI ,;,tr_r.;crlor., re'b:loo:cf eglorr (cIar:lc
t
vrrtjur rlrelii;/, tioc;e rn spafiui re-rro]l€rltons6l gt d.ossuprs tiun-
,rl:.:LitluI csli-eo sc bifurcl Lnr
fiirirllllla drouci;i, od1'uc mrJi'ge J-a unghtul- nercllal al. Ean-
[l:io]]ulul ur:.n:]uirar (oei j,rrc) rirr:pi, foininci ansa meurorBbl-16 a
iu.j: Wriahcrg;; ' :

I.;c]L] t''O l;;litilii, it,-rie.,:i:-:j crr ;{.,i i€,i. lonrii co,I j-ao sbing
il Il .ll G o r0r:J,L o il,i,t l i.i : - a r g..,e.t-- jr.1 ;ii u-,' 1;lc +

iJill:.1-,,; i'j.'...-:lr .l:: l--,t:::luJ ;::5-:ii ceijcr.j,;ri

!) i:jr"ititt, ilirl ,1-1

l. u r.,i ri.tir.--' 1iai inrt:.lC ili; e:..1,; {j gr,.i.,l-,j.i:,r I i f,f ..U i.O::, ", i
Ei 1

loi ire icci; ., irB jrv!1 .ragi

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:.i t

c ola't;elrl.iu cr i:.1-,').q,:r..j_e . toj:aor_,l o sl r:lCouj-neI e,,

'lI
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.rl
)t.,... u 1-:ir l-,ll
" I _ .Ri:tU:a nc::i nrren'r ii -
'r";-'t_'a;q " (

., e n i
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.,Ii
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n ii:nrr:--1,- 1'a::!L*"i:le f :au 1 pheling:i,r ce rrb:Lc e i il.,
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IluntJ'i c"o c'ourrpioircJ. clr ca;€l j-cnul, pre:cif orur, ql ner;g orot !c i:l :l
''; l
Jaat r!.qlni;',r 4i nri:l.i , iii:.r )c--e irlic. ietela-i. ei ferl:rrieluLj-. !e -
qr arjc- J49

i.:r'elur:t, alg il-lcri,:c1:;;se:,; -,':iiir l.rli€lrsLL a ca:otidet ini;e:n.le. l-

illn00 ia f,r-'l:rr-j{r,.rjii;',.j-.;h;i L:rpr*ul-*ii cu glcac,ia:|r13ler:rrL qrl cu
r1;:ipaiicr.i1, .r,a' fcrirarea pl u:rrl.ui''iar!:igiau"',Frini rai;Lntit,an
irlrj.jr iBn-rt-r-'- la i,ail6'i;.r tr'jcoBC,? gi raug:htt iarln6eiu:1.
,...:
Jn. La',t'-,:iil-a c,l1'r; l,j.,i i r-'r (r'o.'': c nO'JImunlOens ilUU n, gl F
sacphoryr,u.;;";';;;;;. ffi;;; '.i .. 1a a r-
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nugrtJ' 91 gir:rmusuL esr;;.ttl.ilarr".Pe:i;lci-1ri{ lnprerunH cu rnhur6 carcF.
tl,lJarr-li dln t5,LUrvlr:.,',.t_5^,1r
v{.'ar.es.r ,.ril'rr rrlnr;ofa::irn1,ar J1.
s1 {:u
- _., . -
rrlrnntlnr.'r rr{ .-(l OItVI-
fanru.rl alg r.jIUpdUfOUIllI

ffi [ffilmmnc$ilE*Ermmrrsffi'ffimlG$Ftr:i
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rlr,ijiri,r,, I i;ir r r l,'j ,t lf: ll i ','-t;iL:t I r:i'.1 fil),
t;1.; lrf r.f

,r , .Ij,:1 ::_:1,__f_ll_11.r(..:rt _ruir;l1,J,i ( rr.1l:yngcus supsrlor).

. r,r '.r, ,- ,i.Lir 1.'iil1rr,.':r t:.r'f cr .r-'iirr;i.'ri ir /,)i-r rL,. lJor,u.l,itl- p-I.,-rx!lor:tu, J. mer:go s;;

,;r lj,. i..r i;,){.;, iLrtr j.ui;() 1) j. jl rrir-rlrL;.,.1 . In arrsi:r."rbfu, dCeCfLO Ltn tlill0Ot
, ,..1 L'; ,liriti:l .' ,ji: ,ul'LL,-. , jjLtlJi:lr'l.Cr, :7 I noilial , lifft::e f e ftngc
il
,,, i.' i ll r. !r.'r.irj1ii,;! r:jrl;rI)l&r .l,a ilJ-\.iil-Ll 1 extf r:uitttil, 1l pOel;efiOA::e B
,;,'llri.j-tr.i cii.t l'\:i ei rtrjtllLtJ. tri:, 1cl r r)eirrLLI 1a:.._Lngr.;u Eulrsriol se l-er.mL_
i';r r,I l.II ,],iLi,i .(tltll.lj,-i.i
:r.,,,lrjrir(ril supor,.i,_,ar,ii, (remus in1;srtrus p.l qr1;np;el Bup€_
:'i, l lrl) , iL(.'rljc :;:ri;::o ruetit!r'.rna tJ.rohlold-lanI:. qt rnugchl-ul- tirchlo*
l.i r ;;r. :r{)c,l irilr'f,,li;;,::;'i nri;rirJ'{lnB tlro}rtolci.iarrl ..rl ajun6e in gro-
-. ;r: ,- 1.r-r..,-r) ?! L, r'] -' :1,.r r:j)lg,Lctlco, und.o :o ci. lS";r:iL,U j-e !n l;tnurL.
i
,-ii,'ljt,.1I1..]tiGl tltLtcodl-ir:rj. orig,-o'hei., [ucoasel e]ftr-Bmftq!tI poijtoroln-
i'ir',r, r'ii rt r';lcli:c..rrj-1 i.lnr'b:,r, urucoasbi etajulr_r! sripreEloiic al
r-n r'1ti-l;.J.:.lir trir.lc()8rt€i :q.n;trtljiclne caro
inverloqte fa!a posl;erl_oar6
i'-i - i.i \,'l itic,ll-u.1-. jllt:t rl tn ac {ls be ranurl, coirsarli su bn',tcos piiln
Sa1-
,, , ;. )-r',irl:'rr. rr.-. - t; r'-...1-c)-t-tr, i'I 6€J ilnBsbo[Loz()aLa clr o :.9rr]lrrj :
,-:u j rr;t:uli;l ,jr-:.1.1 ,,r'j.{rr cuel- j-ztnd sg0 nurn.lta snEir a lur Gai['en;
;r-;riillrr'ir rui sij-oarsi,, nervu] rarlr,gou extern (riro*r,
r'1lr1 -)) r ct,i-rci.tl'jr .r-:-r .Ltirr13;. I nsrginil
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pcsi6rioai:€, a ca-rxllaiiiul-ui
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i: 'r , 'r iii. .Jitriil:'.: T'r1n'l.iri l.a nr.trTchlul .c::lcot1.t'old-lgn, epoi p€)r.f o?o€zij.

ii; ,.i,r), r,ti.-i (.rr.i.r;o,;:;:r ',r;.c,.:l nii t pSti'ur(1 e in lrlrlnge , undo ee rozol.vfi
qi

I i: ir:rjr;ei1 1;11 rt,Jnf;:.'i,{rr,L}u.l.u.i J.Urlrrglen ql Ie llu,.ror:so ota,julr:1, l_n*

i, L,r, l.i,i;:.i-: , _l rL 1,.r,r,1;-ec1;u.l- cii1.'u dooceryloni, nerrul lorlngreu
extern
r,r'r ii, .' i;i: .r-'r,rr:i;r'i, La plJ-enrlr: u;irolod ql Ia conet-riotorul- inf erlo]- BI
[ ,']' j 'ri !-1 t.r io
i, llj,,:L.g!I?e:.r jIi ( rora j- c oncllacl zupcrlorce),
I.ul:-yj._i._Jr,rr:1
'i,,r r;'.ri'riir. .,/11:r,lEb-i.J_ (,lc' Ir_r 1 )-q 1), oo doeprintl- dln vagu.l_ cer.vIcal
: r; L:r ,rr,rir 13',rrrq;.1 .I',;l.ir-L 1;l-o'.i.1ior:rn o rncrg ln lunl;ul f o!el anlerJ-oaro
11
'rlt;t]]'el carc)birler -lnt()lno 9! a trunchiltl-u1 arl-erlaI brairlocofa- '

] .',.r: (:i.n rlr:r:apta), qI air.rng la pIa;tl oanllao la fonnarea cfu"rfu;..;"

I,rrr r.h i_,.,J pi,i,
b" Iretly !i gord j-ncl urlJloqll, in numi'ir' do
;,lrti;,.:?, {iln vag la hlza rlli;u1ul, sall cir1lr din vngul
! tr r, i.'i;,U i n:i,i laC. <;
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1, jnastonozer f acls1ul-ui- cu ve6r-[ I 2.]:ier.ruI f ao:La] I .]. Gang]i<r'
oui. cupellol ei glosot'arlngl,inulull 4, Nr:rvul va6 ql gar*Ilon:1.1
juplr.Lar gt p).oxlfc;rne S.GangJ-lonui sinpqi;ls c€ir/i-c81 .6uperlor ;
6" Llmba i Z. tt€rvul iarln5eu. sup€rlor I 8,. Larinige l-_9.Ner"rul lil-'
rlr4ieru raourontr IO. lietvl cardiscl 6upe:C,,orll .Ll.NeTvt prlnonu"'''
lll 12.lrldnlnt Ll. Etomac t 14. .Raurill gaatxtoe' r71..b'epeticel }ji.
Ranur'I ga etrld o ql .bcpattoe I 16. f'!oat I lI?'. Ranu.r'J., pontnl gan*
iq.l.IonrrI-oel.leia I iB. i{-er,'ul .i"g I I)' }iort'';1. _btp'ogJ.c's t ?9. 1;rrc}iirr-d.
annlguul 2I.llu61€ul tractul'.:i-soIL'tar1 2,2"]{ucIer.ll. oard.lopn€'r.illt,r}-"
a:i1; orlo i Z-) Ner1'1tl sccesor | 2/+. Ralrr-tra g:ctorr,b. Br ooi1ftriu1 Bo() $-'
uolrl 25" " Iiamr,rra nod"laIE anas-homo';lcil cu'rragul dlrr norvul eoo6,itorr*
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L. lioi-rrrr ia-r{nfiou rocuront;

rliiL,l lrirALl:iLi|'ILir.Aii/iLLl.
liitu 1nf rl,rlr (oe i''ru:t laryn15oul r.cculrenr), Br{l or, lglne it I t'alaclb
cr

dLfor'1.t in d::captr,r fa'l;ii da stlnga. Recurontr_ri ,1!gp! lrTL r,re .rl_

glnea !r. usrrrul vr:g d::ept le baza glturui, In nrrrnentur in ca:ce
vni.lrI in::r:c Lioattr f a!a enterl';ar:i B Blbarci sul;clavlcularo <1ron.-
l-o" llroce ,il€, sub alti:ra, ryl urcd nodlar ql ln eue, intre art;13rq
carotldrl conLunir (sliuaiE anierior), g1 artera vortobrali el ElrF-
nni:'l nrtl ,"orrr{cql
uu-.- v !vq! f'oltrtnta
\.U*vuqsu nnotpr{nr.\,
yvrvL! LvL/ n-lrrnr
u,;ur,pl0 5ln qan!U1 dlntf'O
t/uu!!rrr t
blehee gl osofag, t-:eco posterlo:r d.e lobul t1::o lan gl anter::ior j.d

d s arters ijlrolcilanil lnf erioarl, AJunge la malglnoe lnf orloei::d

B consbr.Lol;orul-ui Inllelior al f a:rlngelul, po su.b care treco oa
oii uB:ror:ol..ve 1u 1s1lngec lggUreltul stlo_e, i1l1 are orlglnea ln
tolocB, ;reolnd.p€ cub closB aorbat, laterel- il.o llgamentul slrts-
rial 9l po d.oasripra bronh.lst stln6li ejun€e'p.er f eta nntsrloatd:'
a oaofag:-rlul! po ciaro o urineezL plni 1: marglrroa !:-ferloard a
conatrlo 1;omlul lnf orJ.or a] f arlr:golul, oub caro so qngaJeaz;ti
I u .ia 11u3 u .,

Un re.lcrti eenllal al rrer.rllox rgcuren!.l, eete ce1 oU

iobll i:ir:,:rl-dIoni;1 cu artera t1:roi-d.len5. lnfer:1oar5, rBport oars
i.moune
-"'t'*'- D:1":)t;oiarerl ner.,rlIor in ti::oldectoalI.
Pe tra,reu, 4onrll recu::entl emlt .col.atersle <ioetlnciljot
aFooag:.rl'r!, trah,ael gl farlngoju:l. AJungind sub oonstrlctorul- tn'-
f n'r'i nr. 4jr]qJ.J loaq\
cr E,'rila i. mrh.'rgg9g13g peI€tOlUl
:r
AnteflOf e 1 lOf'JLn6O-
ferlngolrrl e1 eo dJ.strlbuie la mu€cbll lntr!:e,ool- al larlngal-ul
po cere- I J-norvr.irrzri (cu e;rcep1;la crlco'blroldle nulul). Unq d1rr.
guporlor (enea
'^\ bertrlna-Lo so Bnastomoze{lzd. cu }arlngau}
.':srllurllo
Iul tirrlL-r:r.) o

2:, Ner.r1,.* s jI!$se 1 -,!!lr{LofJ (Raml cBrdlaol lnf erlores ) t

in gonorrr.l-.Ln nurnbr d.e d-ol d.o flooaro parte, €'o trezo1vE. Ia pl-or.ul
car".llroo
i;ior";J.J. csrc.lncl (suportorl, mljlooll. gI tnJo:nlorl)
rrnnl,'!n f J'h'r'a nar{t€lmp;qf,1ro Ou ac'[luno ,tard.lolrr]:Ibltorle, ':
'":,

7;. Rumurl r,uluronsro, s{l d.esp-rlnd dln norvll va8t ln

morront'rtJ-:in carra acoEtla lnoruitqoazd. fa1;e poetorloerd. e brc'rlbll'-
-Lcr'" Srl a:tae'bomo:loazE Lntre olo, qI cu rBlnrr I ale sImpatiCUJ'UIt
Dopl:t-il s :fc,rmg p-Lerrrll brongloo. Dln eoost6 p}oxqrtr oo deeprJlod
rirm.Lrj. ttahCIrlle 1, oeof aglene, p0ri0ard.lco, q1 f l.Iete pul nonare,,
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o ,.r,r /\r't.)--.,.r -.r,t,nnr,.r I --,\

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,ttl
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'nli nnnlJrrnl1 t-oracal.o lrrfrtrlrrnre a oBOfe6;[]-u1..
,i
iUq!IL!r{N-q-Lg plsacii ln nt:Senlte nlyel r
q
t, dj.rr v'ergl- :l
p i
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!A r.n'r,rlrrii l.s tralre e. il.l
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Rn],ilrl?ILI_ .qBDOM I{.qL€, lrupc hlul- vrl6_qf_-q.ilitllLgg e J. tua t '.,1

nrp€nnpn.z{
dv^qt5-eut nn. r,{: 'l
uv*r{) nrrc .ttr}rtrnn mlcI a etomacu'l
q svvuovqlu,l rrJ \)J..
sr{ rlr. ltrr ac
ul.ltrvlJ Tqnlu--L
hopatlco, (Ranl ireparlcl), carB pb,trusd ln ftr.r:a;u1u1, gt h1..'l.u-]-
,.rrnrrn'i r..nptrlr: e Ani;Ay.'l ,\p'1A /Raml ggstrtc! alrtorloror;)| cgr€ Bo
{qqlgA hus

cletrlbuLe la curbura u1c5. gl }a fe!a anterlLoarH. a stonaculut.

ljna oln eceet€, rsmLLr!, <io ,rliun- nal naro, conetirulo norrnrl. Drl:1-.
cJ.paI antorlc;' ei- curLurJ-1 llcl LetarJet-'t/ertb.elnor.'
:

{r:rrc! iul-_vegaI r retellotL retn:auoiegl-aii gl rarrc)€r,!--,

tonelal, anltel r ' :'
rBrntrl gest1.loe posterloare (rami ga.s'tr::j.otlpoeiti-
.-, ,

t f.- -'E

r:ucr!.'s/)
nl ^n'a"\ oe a-!, SprJ-ntre cgr€raerarul pliri:; :l,psr} g::eto-
ru,-,uItEr
-'
i'ior' ;1 clr'lr::il nlcl La5er,jet I
- :r:il'.:l:1 ;o.rnl.-r:l ,ir c,?I'g qp,fir du.;ii r[:arg{"}i.r renurilo,'
g.-t s1-;:.ic e. -liemu::.s iernlrall clteepi;5 !io-igfl spl.€ L'-r.g;).ll_r'il' nrcxlial si
gelgllonul:l r:ctttliuns: (csi:lac dlept ) f o:ltrri intrt:{r1..'uJ. crl or s1l-,ii-r;,-
'3hrrl6 ra:ir c,'j:b ru ier:1::i. --a : r:d:1ul lE'.;i;r*j t.l t;:rr.1;1;cnul-u1,
Bocc: rr€oorsbj,iE ',Yrlsbelg, RclririrB stlngdo atl ::eni:J ]a unghlul
nreoi rii ei gengi lonul-u i seell:una: etlng, jc'rnlnrl- i.ri.tt: cnoloagd a
J-u l Lalgnel*Leyaetino,

?::unr:hlui iragal irceterlor oniro 5i;l t'1na iLl et€ a€T-ro{:!.,

ss csrs tiee e p:'o p1,::c"r1 eriieie! gaatrlcr:'e*irigl7 {m:€ pJe;ori
lrepai'lc, spirs piora:lJ-e pe:J.arlorlel-o alc tlr::lch!....1ui. c'rIlso gl
ai'i;srol spler-:e, saul eole pleml- Itb?frnt0.i'tc Btlpi'i..i iJ,,
.qN. S:IOMOZElrI nsnrlior vsgl gtnt' n,un€rou $fi 3 !3{,:,f16

BC€StOAl EsnAgionozg cu n8r,uf scossor, ca:tq !r1Brltfi rif,t}xa aq

'i
necileiX epro i.nrnchiu-L yagal.; e oll nenn:l gl.osofar'1.:.t,q1.sn1 a cll
,osfful faclsl-! = ou htpogionrl.t t' ou- etrnpr::iicuJ- o.er,'r'ldpl:

HreWHEsW .8lrFrFsrnlfWElEffiGtrumFrjF,tEEEffiESEm,I
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arjr-uLioq J.l.
t{I-h\rL!_-- jC.{jEjX] ii
(l'{er'.u 3 €rc c osor i-us)

Igte un nery notor. buLbar, e1e cdrul flbre

rrqbr; lire.va!rer n'uflchi-ro:r rotetorr
elntdoetl_
a1 capulul ct""prr"ur ,;;;;;
cr eldomaatotrdlan.) r Bau, .onetltui.e o putor.!cd..
rsourd. a*Bstomo-
t l-cii ponDru nor,\nr.L v,eg.

oRrGrMr/r iPrlRrNT{. Norr,,'} BccsBor eete

forfiet
prtn fu_.
zLorlq roa oxbrqnfl,.r:sxlalA l,rberobutbqrd e 11oud
rdciActnlf
0n rddlEc'trn aprlerii, (ra.lce e r:p.!o*r ee)
ca,ro
ps n'rraf afa n-dduv'or ca*vrcalo,' intor{or ,rei ',paro
g{*,F*l ,;i;;;;;"
pootr':::lor3 u"cd prrn cBnarul rahi.dren,
et pfi".rii-oi"-u,**u
oco 1-1:rtald ln e ranlu, unclo ee fuz lon:eac6 c
:" +q4ruuucr'4t1. ^: . . -
(''J f,lbt.€}8 dO orlglne
bulb:r:,dr
b, RiidiicJ.ne bu.ltiarrl (1a4ieeg qax,.
"r,otoi*,e)o,
jr6 r:Lrprafa!e s:<te.ni-c,a:.d a :ulbu_r_ul ln eegronzul. ep€re
qlonprlul co'aters-L err buiburur, imodrct ,"tlonii*uo
eub orrglnra ", un*"uo*i-.
er va6i;r.rlui. .
-,

!EII,9:]r cr3l s clorrx rrddolnj- ee fueionoqzd ]atrrrohrrber,

anoj. i;,runchlur i'ezurta'b s€ rndreaptii EFrs
forgq€rr ;"*;," p{rii_
i:1nd. c:16plrr1 prln por! lunea poeterolataralg.
* u"u"ir-ri u,"rrro r,.,.
sub f otsn€n Jugure aoce er:r'u.l qJpn€e .L4 oBa$rur rstrorurrruo,
'e,
unns r:r) romJ-ilcii, tc.b.:-o rsnrrl medlal-E gt ,.,1a 'fete:,af[;"-----*'
Ritu'.A I'4E'r,.Ld. (::anuo rat'or:nus)s otrr,lod tr
t:rri.unL-ru, go, anBetr)nr:?.{.}aed. Jos 9d-

r ernur:1 acluc o,.uu,,r*i ;il cl

;;*TH;1ff^;1il*:ffi:1"trr$,i"n::.n
1ntln,, f arlngolut gl lar1ur3erlul (vago:eplnal5tr).
.' ,

nl'HIInA .$ISULA (Rshu,s, e:et );, obl.Xod;1o Joe gt ,r.

l.afn*l, lncruoirJa,r;rd nnte::tor B€u. pooterr.o u** ;*
' l

i;ornir, aJungl,ac f:r pe,rnterer. irgterat q:r u"*t"*

alr{,rurur r"tiorf,1,rtna,
Po ftrlii profundfi e mu-+ilhlu:-r'td uternooLoldonraetoldlen" rn goei*o"'
scon'fu,l muqchlr eau pe fu!;n oa hedi*IX,
n" u"u"*"";;;;; au ra:
murl p::rfurrle ele ]lJ.exuru;|. o.e:rr.losr, roel-lztnd
I ur,',r',u"rii"lf.,'.'l
tlcA. .D[n ao eaatrl crnsu. pl.c^crI f rbr.e oBr€ lncrves:tr wu.gchrul '.: -' :
stornoo.IeldomaetoldJ"$n.n Uner d.ln remurllo
anaol, J"ungd gl rolatlv '
 - lrjtl -

vc,'iuruir.,,ouu.i, ur,r.ribu utt or_tii-c iu JotJ rJt 1n€rortt

roglunog trLgonu_
lut r;uplaoLsVlclul_or mc:-.B, o1-,oJ. dleparo rub mrlrglnoe dnt.orloard
I mugc-b.tuful t::upoz, Il cere Bo 1,-eruilnd..

Fi.8. i5. l{errru-L aoQosor

+. r\"gIoB,rfar-in6l-an1
2. a.qcoeaor bulbart, 4. N.eo_
2,'N.veg1
/uI ceBor noaulsrl 5,, Rrinure- *rafo_
J-a s nornrlul accoBor (ana etc.n-
motlei .* vagul) r S.-nir"rr-i"_
Serar$ a nerrrulul. acoesor | 7.
ter-tngeu e uporl_org; B"
l""rruf Iarln8eu le,l,iT€nt; g.
{1"ry.u+
Tugcr.l"ul n1; 0r,noo I e l.rlona ato l-
d.Len1 I0. Mugcb.luJ_-brspez;

-a,-..'p,.h
va
-,'T.-
vvs.rq ^:.r r:!i-L
-

-\!-:1/l;, :irclii,Os
/-.
\;t :I'iu:': -'Jlcgl.oacua)

' 's'e rll nerv' notol bulbel d.e'e ti'ert 1.ne:vu i1'1 uugcht*
lrn 1{.nj^1..
I4irl U!hd

'rc;':ir:1;d, e r t:a:rp o:r& f t'Rrs ar0 f,.€-, il.,,1 sp rnal I

osrriosi: l- 91 2, lna;ve1ls1 m.rirchlJ-ol flrbhiol .1*nl.
d.aa''-lnato
qRICI-,lPl_lIjII?Ij i{er,nri h tpog).ce sp€re
eruerlo;rrL a br,:iiruiul ia nivelul " iro sriprela.F
ganluiul prootrlya"r!, prtu t0_I5
i1.!-ota, c&ra se jluai.cnoeaE, lucdia t lrrj;r=un tllunohl'uialon "li
.i.

rzuipgr,. 0detX ;onrat, urposllnrt se iii'"rlpta spro 15

4
ta
oa:ae.t.u-]". h.lpoglcourul (csn611"s
\7pcgroeul), sau oenalu,l condil.lan
ailbsrJ'orr' s{pst In uaca r.sberard. a ocorfttur,r,r'ol,
tnt:rs-tubr*u-
gl condtf rrr ooorpitar. ,$pare tu niretur f rr srt;i
i*'t.l:*1ar apor etrdbatc
oo''cJ.llona, ;;;
obric rn' Jea qr rnolard s.pe.f r.rr rstrcF
et:Lf l'a'. & angaJaasJ. rnrre
arbsrq ca;ntrd.it 1n.bernd. q,t ,ror;";;
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ii 'rt \-.' !-ru5L:lIu O ljul ij,r cLl (t':rlcgVlt;.rrtea 8{tl,: er.lorll,li

.,iI
D1 inod l,l .i ri, l;r'ritrrto I'egi-un i1 o cu.o t;I<r ranri, {J,p.rahloldre
,t'
-tI rui' 9:L:,,.r,, r

*,i i., Iingrriild, .,r ur.r;'r Lr, rru,Lr,i :,;L Jr: tor':orn5 pr.
II
,II 1.n numoiuer0 r.or,llri.r
,.I -l ir r;rri :,jcIi i- I it u;l,;,-qajo
(

:Cl
':i I R.\I{lIi'luft.t. =In .cr.aq_lg, estc (tontlnut ln spatlul- suIF
, lrrtrel
t
rll B li-rllriold 1an. int,rr,l altt urB vertab::a1d, iltuatii anterlor,
;;l Sl Blter$_
il e, lnrL,rioBl'd $r por;tcrloard, Eltu{rto post€rlor.
I r., r:arrrlicr,.-,us;
.'rl csrl:r-ur- csos prrn ca'e piirdsegt€ crqniul, egto
lncorrJural; do un pler:: venoe do conunlcarc lntro cl',cula1;la ve_
ur.,icd o-zr.l I ondrrcrii riland
l,r

='rn sorl!_lu-l retrostll1an, irlr,ogrosul ee te slfuat lnl-

!1aI rheclirrl Co ar:trira. carctldd ln,telnd, gl lnt:1.-un plel poeterlo'
.rr'bor'gi, iprol coboard obr rc in jcs qr inaf ard., treclnd. pr:.st-erlor
<1o ari;€r',r ce-rotlia lnter-ndr posterlor de porur superiot
ar gsn-
gliouulu-L aj-ippirti.c corvical superio-nr gr poste:rror c1e
6apgrronul
L.,lexlforrn aL vai5ulr-rl, La acest nlvel, irlpoglosul prluoqte BnBB_
l;ori:ozc do Iia i.;,:irgl lonu.1. simnatic cer.vic aI suDe::Ior,
d.o Ia nervul
.'/6il do Ia
6i prima aneii enastonoblc2i a plexrlul cervlcalo Ramu-
::1-l o ar:,tor:irlarr] ale p.rinllor d.ol nerv! cervic.a)_i,
Bo anastomojz€a_
,l:r. cn1;rri.cir c.o procesrrr trensvers qi- atrasulul, forni.nd
prrlma
rrnija c cl.er;c_rl,ui co:_vlr:al (ansa at.Iqt;ulul). Xln c,rnvexitatoa
{lcostei arLcs, so C€sprlnd l*2 r,auurl, care Bbord.oaza )rlpcglosirl,
\u"rni:taz,rL pe o oaruciire ci-istan!.4. tralectul
ac€ai;u.ii,t, epol gs de6_
rrr lrLd su c f orrna ranrur rr mon ingeBro, r. l,:lmurilol cieetinate
mug,-
cfrllor int-cr.rhroicirerni gr probabu gr. um,gchlurr.rl genlohiord.lan,,
l-lr:cuincl'r*.gi 'l;r'e i_ectur obr lc L:r joe gl 1..o_af ard pr.ln sp$_
l, ru). r'otrr:s1;11ian, hipogr os;ur a junge
5.n lni;erat l!tul dlntre a::te-
:'a c;aroul<lii 1nl;erni, situat;i urcclal r. g1 vena jugurarl Intorn6.,,
sl1,'.ratd Iatcral. .t?r:::curgo foalto obllc aceet lntorsit!lu trocll.nd.
:n legl'enea carotldtand.
='I!-_re[I!uncc- cB]ro!ld.l-snd h1pogIoou]- futcmcIgoazA fer1;o
:. la Iateralri a €irtors:. r: arotrde uxtorno, in1;r-uD punct r:ltuat 1me-.
,l1u'.; rrJ D :rr'lgIrrcc rrrbero j. occlpltal_e. Lq eoeob
nlveI, norvul 'Igl
r;,rhrmbr1 d1-.r'r:cfln ql nsrgo inalqto;l iniiuntru,
lrr Iungul rnarg1-
itIl j,nf r:li-ralo a p5-ntocelul poster:lor aJ. aige:trj.cululr' constl.-', , ,

t'-rlnd lah:::'a oupo.r:1r-,oliI a trLunghluiul caroLlcllan al iulI.AltAB.fiJF.

('-:cItrlnll;e reL'rilr elnt:.oallzater poBterior, de vena
Jugulard .
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rnL{)rlt.4 i {rt}l;'.j I'o Ll}f rlt':lot:', r1r.l 1. I'llthcitJu.L r,/oil.ril l;l;'cr.L:irrg() jl {rc l_' L
). ril
,ti
I
lL t.l 1{.tl rrr r,)li',rrtt-|. , ittrlt<111 nl.t :t [j{i].o l.j rlb I)).nhrtr-,t_r ir.r r,i)1i,ci,j_or: o-1.
.}.o,rU1 ,l
tl it.:rt:.1 t,r1.<;rr-IrlI, c l |ii nltl{J Ina{loct; do rr()oBh L-.trrr)t,: }tl 17i. cict nr-lt^h.Lr-lI
rr U I I ol-r I
'-,
.!tt j.a ri.

',(ltlrlt;J.rrf nrltt*r,;i. r,'r'lJ.c, o1;r.t l; )rlDoglor-,ur-L 1)\',tr:o ps d0{lsLlpl-r.i

,,rbr:rrra j-1..i.!.!1- yr,rl:; c,rlor B (.:ol'nr.'lLr I urur,..r qi ogy.Ilr j, if iOl,j r;1. i_r
,1Un64e
jtt-:,:9glttql-{-.l!illI'1,}rL<ll..ll-gtta, t){l lLrtrr lelorcln a mrrgr:lrlr-1rrL:l irl,o-
1qIoa, csrr)*.1. oeparrl do urt'org rl.nE_rala. vena 1.J-ngr.rir.La, nlrs o
uLbrla!1o lnftrr'lont'ii fo!E cio norv. !irter.al,: n,tr-,.uI gsl;e acopelrlt
,1o muqctrll cllgaoi;r'.lc, s1;J-J-oiilr:1rl1an, gl cle f ctts prof und,ii e
filan-
cl ot oubmaacllLrLrl-er:r.l,, rn uJ'glocl;uI edu suprahlold-lsrr,
irlpoglos;ul
contrrli;r-r j.e .1.8' (lol i.nltarita r,r,lunsirlurlior
-uu('-,:rlu!.rJVr. al
..r-to-fu l Ilngual.er . t'::J-Un*
4,irit-:.,t- .l-ul lJdcla::d <iste delLmLra1; d,o cornrrl mertl, a1 osu.i,r:Ll hloIo,
do [iarBinee poslerJ-oard a hiog]osul.r-r.l gi- d.a ten.d,:nu-L Int;cillodlar
:rl <1ig€ebrlcului* Hlpogiosu-L i;rr-'ce po Ca!a Ia1;r:r.,ald a.b.j"oglocu-
.iLl;r.., i:r uDghi-uj- uuper'1or ol trrungirlrrtul Jui l,6crer{., pre oaro-}
i,loote trr\nsiorna i rlbr*ur-r pcl:.r-,.lu i, or,
' tr".,,,.gr1ul. rnt pL'ogov oeire d.oltrnttqt d.e hlpo13)-c,s, t,€n-
iorrul j-11;e:tisrile:- c.l. iiigaerricii]_;:.i rnargJ,nea poo,;etri
iriL re rd a
i i "l chl- o Ld,i- llui':
:.,
=--l-)il: r':,g-r-unea o:lLi'9:1.:i,,ti.ri,rii^ hipcl<J-Or;r:l !i,,]oo ;r:l-n
,l,r-1la!li-l-gi'ig=-.t:1,.,r1.:l!l.i-.-:!.l.-qgi!.]-!q]ju9 (:.ntor-s1;l;ir:). rih'c-': rru,;ci:.i1-
,u i.i;.ltJ.olci.:.cn ::... i.;.lr-,ljiori) i.n io;j*
i:*itD,_rill- r;uL,L:Ln[lriaier. ."urireu.nri
r;u hlpcg.l,isu.j-, pr.irr Llntul Io;,:l eubnsnoj.lrulilrr; i;rac I ,;one
Iln_
,,;;i,l,l, chlcl-uj- rrrrluLaruiJ.bril-"t:: wi:eli;o;r pi pi,sluDilirea anrjr::,ioerii s
141-aurltt l du. ilur{l;)r-l i[r;,i1g,I,co
=jJr.._,'"o,1ji_g,l4ncta_t_:glii.{gqg}g, irlp.cr3l c srLJ" se Trrno i.c
j:r,r;jo:1tt aiou:tii, cl.r utt-rgr;|1 lL hlcp;).r;s Fl ge,ricg_Loe ; in sr::;r cu )3€lr_
r-ui L ingir lJ-, ctI o,tllrtl sr.rriirnbi-r u aliti etffirczLr i:L crn auctu.l. subllrgoCl.-
,,,iLr.:' ?/hnr',;or:5 I : i,lrgj r ru gi:ncl :u-u.lirig.ualti; :irr jos, Qu f a
fa
i,.uD.l_.' j cr: rd e nlrq0ir:.i:l-ui iai;.liri;J.cl.ielo

Iu ir,,Ja g.Iani.r:i. aubrncnii.ibuie::rl nj-pcgLceui s{:i irip.l.cte o

irr rriuC'"1.u ral.e 'i; crml.rw.i.,:, ',;i

,"I

ii,!-]1!.-J:.1r.*ij}iilir$, 1 . i 1n ce-
ilqu'.g:*,'i9.ii!.9 fi 3_g,#, i u eac il
:',tlu-r-. hlpog;Iri:,:J-u:i., :e j.nt::i. 1n'or.,:,.,lu pe uu l;ra,!ec; r"eou_re nt, gl
co .cl:Lsbrlh.r j-r, )e { r;rirr6loaso ,:su i.ril. ccolpitsl (,i1pl-oe) Ie p,r,no--
,,
l;11 ciiri',1.),1 al gl,tii,:rrjtlj,ol ciccl.pii,ei ;JJ- J)i3t?o{r J.r.f r:i.1.ci, +l .\i; o

ffiffiWffiHffif-iifl.f;ir:SffiffiSHKffiffilrffi,ffi4]Hffig$iffl€-:,- ?.?L?rffigtff$Fii$re'a1etfsffifrffftn$rrfftdltiti.$&sE$!tf$ffSrr
 mur.'o pafIa t.l rl r.t - r .- rnl, t rl L' rl tl fa,'-irt !los:,rJlrioii-lil . Remr,u'a tisolnEoo-lil
.r

6st; ri folrnrtJ. ,1ln l'lbr'o E,tn'J l1;lv.: rlnltjc ds In pr. ln,,-rl noI*,, o(rt-v j-_
11

cal, gl dln "l It:.r, .rl.'nl'.-r :.1 ,/rlnJ-ijo ds Ia garrgllorul cei.vlcr.11.

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h':Lg. J6, l{eyvu}Jjigg.ro,g :=.:

l, lllirog)"ooul1 2" Atra etoni<.r:la cu gqn,Jl lonuL olmpatlc o 6t:r/l0BI rnF
p lr,1:rr. gl cu geugl lonul. ploxlf orru Bl vegu.lul
t J, Famura vsEculerC t
I?tlrrruri. pgl!* uruqoliLl 11orh1l I 5, Iiamu-r1l o mugchttoli genloglos '
ri
,
ql rqr'r 'l r'rhln{rl'lr
t - C)"
3n ii,:,ura eonu*;,1InI;*i3Il"ii"o;;:il,1;I;Stliltilll,lrtir#il3;;'ilI'fil1'
mu-f u.1rc,nLru nu$rrlij..l pBl abog.Ios
El f a::lngogloe II, lnaet,lnora cu
;::rlnll ti,:i nervl oelvlc altt IZ. Kucloul lifpoift ogulul, . ..

El
 lul, Bo Brrrrll,(\mo'i.err zi'i cu un f1lou sJ.mpat;lc r)l {lo bc,r'm1.nI per fn!:r
rnodlLald a v0l{rl Jugulare lnt;or-'no.

!,rLqgfg_dg_Jg!rylll1t_4-- 6Bu li.Lkil l-ns riu)r:rloirrL a anuB,l

),
oorirloele. fleacd di-n hlpog.l-co, lrr monen'fuI in calr,' or:oota lncrrl-"
olqoazd orlglc.oa ert'ercl occlpli;alo. Coooarii ln lur,gu1. artorel
carclilde lntelno, apol a ca,:rtt-1del comuno, plnri Iir nlvolul ten.-
aonr-rlul l.ntor-r,edl.ar aI omo.h;Lr1dlanu1ul, un(Lr) srr o,ecstornozoezd. c,,l
o reinu-r'6 plo,:atI dln norr,'11 ,rervlcalt 2 :1I j\ (r'6dri.cJ-na lnfer'1oq:1.r,1.
a arLsol cerv!caIo), poritru a forme Anse oe:n'Ioa!!,: Bou anea bl-
pogi.oeulul, oned oltrtsbd da oblcet pe fa!e l.atora.Lii e voneJ. Ju*
6ular-o lnterne. Pe traicct, ::dd-ij.cJ-ne gu:orlosr{ g Dneel enlte
o renuld. doetlnotd plntecolul eqpqrlor. aI onohlolrl.l.anului. Dln
convexltatea ange{ p}encti ranull pentrut, tr. s;teinor:l-old.ohloldlan,
sternotlrold lan gl pentru p5-nteoele poetorLoral onch!oid.lam:Iu j.,,
; .. - Ranura d.eecandent;d. a )rlpogloaqlrll. eau :rHd!.qlna supe*
rlcarH''jli ane,:1 co.rvlc,:10, rri oon!,1ne ce.oit J'!bro l;rrvcc,l::e d.lr
prrrml II0r / c ery j-caln
i.
tt* 3c,Igi.s qi,Yri1ilJflj'Lr_g!i-?-1,Liajr cste :3.:inui.r1. :cc o j..r
ilbr+-i ,lerlve;:e ,i.i::. p:l-u.ur - :\GT,r oe::vi-cgl . ?.Lr: acd d1.;:. l:.i.;ogice, 1a
:rivr:iui nergiir:-l a ,b.logroaului; me;Bc c r-l Lc I'r jcs
"oe't,srl-osrfl
rrl fniunt:ri, lnrrracl.;oazi co::nu.l nare :-L o;uLrui !. j-c,icr apcl mor'-
go iu rrrng,rr nargJ"nll p+ol,:::losr€ B liN.qrrilirrl.ui t1:roh l-olo:,en Is
c{lro BB rozoi_,riu

q:gchllc;r blcglos si e u j,IoFb-fl p,-es,ci c lr

5, -\e.n'.r.r.
},II f.n norrr]nlji:i in ca:e eoe:;ta s€ g:ne ln ::apc,:rt cu. irloglceul;
nitrgo usoonllont, j"ne::rrs€25. hlo6lceul- gl nni'l:c lp,1 slauuri oe
gJ.oeofarJ-rrg1an, Ia lae:.rajla attlogiod.u'tut,
5" .{e+'ul :qfff$lfglg,gg[g[!9"=ggl ple,gcd c.j"n h!po-
;5; os ente:'cr: ,:.,: rsn.,r::a pr€crede ntd., rn€:ge :irralnle, gl su terninli
ia m.Boni.ohj-r:lilaa, DirpA Ii0IJr, flbro)"e riin croost!brj!;!s Bcesrul
Detl'vr. provla to'b d.!n sneetop$ocela hlpogroarJ.ul cu prlexul c€rvl-

I :: :-- ri . 1.. l.: :. ,l: a,:,1 -CU

./,i l:r ,- iii;::
:i,,, i. ::'.) ', ',,
t: '/ Rr:nUrAjggglglrotlcH
anaSNOUOItCH, cuJglyu"l 1l ql.,, pleacd
ne**1 .L!Er.r.al pl d In
". ,&Uu.rg
,?tl:.'sI9: l: nlvol'u: loJol gJ.a:rlel e,-rbilngual-o. Ur.cli apIl.oatA po
nugohtrll genS.ogros s-p:s nann:l Llngual (ran:ura ternrtnarfi a mar,*
d1,tp,:.larul-uI) i'lu oarie s0 Bn€rstcmozee r.f,.
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ELt. . plexul o ervlo al

t;111e )rlpogl oeul_Ul
ou
t.1'/fi eriilflFiTposfffiffiasulutr
ii-e.L n

Ganglionu_L elmpal;Ic corvlcal- rqp,erlorl 4, $orvul ltog.,ifi -

J.
5, .AnagtomozH. 0u norvul llngua).1_ 6. prlumt d€t'v oeruicaf
'7o .dr oo,[.Le,a nsrrr cervlc all B. d]. trelIoq nerf oervlcarl i
?: Vens Jugu,IarS. intornE l iO. Ar"t;ers carot!d,d lnternd.r
11. inagr;oriroza ou plexul oervloaJ,; 12. Rdddotna superloard
(d,oeoendontd) a anbel r.:orvlcaler lr. Ramuln ,tot.Jlirf -.u-
y-^*-.+ qJi
;rnr'{nr. n"l nnnh'l^{^{^*'1'.{
-urohiol.dLarnrrul . 1,h D-.-..-^
14, Rcrmurq
L5. Rauu::g et erncro I e J_dohlol ldleoul.,ul 1 . 16.,, Rauurq pint eo etu !
atornottroldlandl
^t^-^Lt-^lir--v

lnf erior aI r:n:ohl.olClunuIut I L?', nUd6.of na: tnf erlbarA a

sns0l 0Brlrloalo1 . J8, Rquura tlrohtotdtonqlull 19, Ranura
.i genLolil.bllitlanuIuL,; 20. Renurllo tornJ.naldr:,,,'
In no;;::ul f lbrel.s provealnd d1n ngwl!.:oervlcall,

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si,rtonrur nsrvo s oonsrrrlorqt cs un t.t unr.Lar ,sets

ru 'crJlmplrf lt .f. n r

l-.
{ils toLn norvoe al vLe!ll d.o rolat;to r)I Z.
Ijloton
norr''ou VttgOtqtlV.
NotiunJ- mlmare Bsuprls eoaetulq dtn
yr,:n6 ee glirreoo gl
lr lucr-li:lle .reclrllttr ana 60mlpt j-n
fn tra-bat€le cte epooilrlltaio o]. a foer d.on.u;nlti
olnd.
elausm noryos involunar (daskol.l), cinc elstem
rrsrv.a en:tonoa
(Lu'rgley) gl mai fxeo*ent gretoru neffoe
organovogetet:Lvn prlulur.
au1;or care $ fJ.cui; o dletlnc!1o,, par!lal
Juetlflcatx, tbtro els_
ti''nr.l.l norryoo ai ','io!1i- de rei.a!:L,r g1 csr ,iog*ya-t,iy
e :ro"r-ur.i"*,
rn ragrl h,rrd cu ac ssE -iapt'.erat d.e nxrr.1,!occ ij
u::ad.toai,e*
lai
ln ili,si;er:ruf ,'Lrrr,,rl s ,,1 v1a!it d.o' r,rl a;1o l+l qr.a
e;::si;LC l-i e:c,"rl- oerrbrocp:ia)- s1_ J-egii.hr!&, sulF
ou portiorlc, (paitoa
scnei;1c'{) eabu rea,-Isntd plin cbi propril
reproaonta-bo ,rl oo*rr
cranl'eul ryl r:Ir:nal 1., sist,-'uuL nc,r-ro6
'ro6etatLv sgu u.rto.non !gl
i:-'o .l G ,ldoncr'\{ a oilginea i^ e::;l corebircspi.ai
lncd .ltig1.bu:e cu
peili'eriq se fece prin fj-bre cerer so lntegreazJi
tn b:i:unrlltlurl-
I o uncl itor*v' j_ c:sn j.:,nl s au rp ::rel i"
a, si-sten..i nsryjs rir vie)ri de lsia];ro (s'nra.b;Lc)
cet-
1;iird doofiLe;u-rnrB&'crocesel,:r dr: J.nterrera!le cuL rned.J.ul.
i):(i.Ji:r,
i1.,cr-r:Bpr.]req excliu!1:lIor r;1 qr,ll,ulqreq r€scyJ"11o:c
de r,Ir.pun,n 1R
itcooi;91a) Fo r:l-etrrur,ri, *or'1.os vogetatlv f ar:e po€l_bj-l[ or:tr-
,cirui
apar'atalor c*r.J.ol-risc'*rar, roaprr-ator, arsoB,t;tr,, u*,sr^ t'
'lta"boq
nlta-L '3bcs - purro ltr eervl.:1u-1. procegel-cr orolalro.lloa .,
q! riLo roprpd-u-
a'gro

Daiorlti:i J.n(rrvaiii€j. e:xerucrv ve6otativo a vrccerolor, ''

rf oerlb0{r gu Lin or Itttit.tt'tu g,-rur.l
tio Irii.e;,on,lonf d f n!il ,J {, 0orr;r.ll uo*
nablcl. i'orrti'i,l /t c{t}ii; nrr.l,iv,l.,r1rri,, lq,;r a fltlcirg+,.e-; cgB;r1rp,6;,, rt vage*
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Ct,t'l;oeho acsstitjs, olt,r,l1,1!14 dlut::'e celei,lcrurl coDpon0ntr,r
'deLrarorli:rt
aL o aletunuflil n0rvcs nu 0st0 Juaulf 1csiA,,
I" Ilai;onruI i']ol.'v-c,iJ vcgetati't lu lne.rveu:r,r1 in morL orolr,r.-
€lY vlsoorol0 Cl q! muncula-bJrB scheio'rJ"cli,
2' 1'lscorolB ds gils0so s'tllr b-LIb J-irf luon [u J-mpulourl],o::.
pr:r-nJ-to dln r:cour!a cerrebra.L6, csro produo nodtf j",oaroq trrulru1ul,,,
a torrclunil artorlale, a po:c1-eitqitlsEul-ul lntegtfual B.ub Influoi:r-,
ta ouo!11lor', c!.t- gl a r:aor:factori dln mcr<1i.uJ- ox,ioror
)o Elqtenul ns:'vog crg&novegstet;:l"v oe a.t3:l tr in pennr.,
nsrlL.{ IegiLii:-r'I recl]rrocE ou slstomi:l r€:r:rJ-oe soi_nr:tlco 0 €rjriic*)!-
bors a aotlvj"thlll
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.

nu8rB A Lrlga{IeJ. mu€(tulare r)t cu'banato" D'r} agetxeneqrunelo lnborr,-

ndvlri are 'rlecsrolor (e::.a5rond-:,-c lta) e tni; f leollt;o ie o roacile,
couat j,-od. ( "epd::eroa mu ocula::ii,') n

necd activlta',;irt lltst.€uul-u! nervos sonuii-.,: si- c

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p*.rricl:r*a "i'af,.i';i, ,le el-,.,giul n-.'l.gccil.1rril ,r'i.'-r'J, o:,cg'r;it, rlenl.ri! e 4:,.-i,
pot Crcianr;a i: el*1flill tJnl: iJ rrJiroijl: .rt 3,*Ua.ij...il1 (,.i;10.,,'nsocct:g*
i;::i c1i:e) ;:i :ritir sonra.il-c-,j. . ji::ls(jn),
. le. e!v*itti er:carj;cl coi-'eb:ral-,,-r rJoLn:Jn.irilrt ii svl.ng cl:ie.r,
lnpcoiblle tir:osreoe e:rcli,elerc ecoLule{j, !'.\.n{i.: ccr.ijiL:,*} po;te fir
u'"rr;:,'hI. qtL; cir,r r.6scllj" scns.ilco (ccutreci,l:L rriiss'Ll.a::a)cit qi,:rr nc,i;t-
f J.od::i vegsu;:rire (pu;-u1 isn.erl.,ri:s $l"ie:Le.r-,ii) o .,1ga da:r, r:onil:ruIll
sli' ilsid.ur dlr: i j-;rct cel.e ctr:url. c (,inFonaal.:o ais i:i- sleliiu.hLj. nGr-.'cd tjr:[
?:oat€ cIi ai;lr siard!ller do ar.rit,;nlr..r u.to:rirccrpl+H cJlt r:l 0ale cie
mlr:::cscoplo lu eu purur e.behrilL C1:- p;qqqlit,tta 1i,'n:li;,e.l.e ior,, !o iiq,
al-'tr parte, se cunoaqi0 Fi tsFtml ci1 oxlstE o etrf nri!' cc:raia!;lo
!.:lt:a sls'i:riu"ll- negvDi-j a16Encrlsqjg;',ni,;ii pi. ccl! anc1o(;;'J-;:r. -'po['ur-,:
ac,orrstp. arlt.r ou:'tclent; s.E eili.n,u1.n nilg;,-nee Embr!c_:.orI:Icil cor:uij
a ruedill cFuT':'e:$aaiol c u sinpr,ilcirl p.recrE +{ sf ect;-.)i slnpa'hloc-,
t':n aI licii'onerlj-iioi garr c-;J. 1_.crr.a,:j.np'-rtilntcn e,l'in,:r;,i.ineln.Acsatcr
oi:eorvailJ. lnc].:'rrptd !'rco dr:ecr,iersLr, orr*i;ouslltzlef 3.;;J.0,1 po coro o
1le'; qur:iizl mer;or:lta Lai_i aurtorl-io:.o
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r\,.t_u I
llg:_:gf,j r. a r. Lv
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li,r j lr anrrlcgle cu arclrl ref
1ox eroqqtlo oo d ssorls
licritiu ciunr'c)neouri v6gotniJ.vd a eletornulul ,g1
nerry.,€ ! urr aro rejrl-€x
vu1;otet; lrr,
rrl o oupoD€nta cll:cu.lul r-eflo:r aoDxetlo olemoater
rr,.I .:r"aurcnl r ercnt) gl motor, 6urn"uoii.'"r".0*intrd
so;rz rtlv ( af
ro'L ai ,r.cu-Lur eera oonsblru'r drnl,.:r_un ore_
srxgur ,;;;;;
1r'.r.r'lc;{r.1r.,n, ln coarnsle qnterloe}e slo mdrluvofel cdrul.
ge glicogte
r'.i1 ('orrt;::u nur1,.l1 aprnall) B&u ephli_
ln nuclrrf ,"i""t;-;nabLuj.ul
uo16f56J; (pontrn. ;lorvll crr:n1oni)
o d:ronul aoeetul n€uroa
'nlntl in nrur:;chtt si-mauloi p.i:l.n placn n€u-rouitisoulardo ao tor*
-[n oazu]r. ercur-r.rl
vogetabr,r gdol,n ornluun
nriuroni' H'uronul eenzltlv 'oflc:;r trrrl
(bra!'r af erear)r";i;; ;il;'porlfe*
r'1ri (rooe.ptorl)o vii'Ji fn centrrr
nor,rory,
r'('r cup.r'rrLds do;r ""*r"*u";;;;"nuJ trfe*
:reuronrs prlmuJ. ee 6d".etJ
I

1;ri:'r rjr 13-rorr.l r'r aJ'rEe prnd rr.tr*un gangrion ,nouuiu'r:r",

il;;;;"ii'"r*no_
i'r.'; a'nnperr cu srl dolieB nouron efootor., un.ds
ia tirgr'll1l.tr- ,r-f ric r,c,r uncie ca to'mfu[ icentn E€rgF pfn{
prln ran,.[_f 1"o!11 f t-ren
pi'liiLulu j- reurvrr oe nunoste 4xonu].
f tbrd pra6q4glj.o"ar_d,,i;;
i1u &-l dol.la;l n.rltroi: flbr[ ;;;u1 oslul
pootgsnlgficrrerU,
"
.$rgq]--r-qru-g3-i1E!glilo sste 6srifo] conetrturrr
-i
r- n I'reir.r.niil eonrr-.br..
r:r:i gSserTte rn
pritro (io *-rr gaa,Erl0aur splnu'
nsou.,run{polor, cu o pro'uasrr,., o

irJ' gJ',c* cerril;rai'{ riaxon)o pro}r:ngfu:os pe::rforrorl ,;;ii""i;i?r"*.=;Lt[)

ilerrll apJ_ne].l (<rl"n tsrti;orlul oono.Llo) vlna f to prla
g! r.crnurljLo ,:oorunl.oentc (d.j,n terltorLul^ ffo prlu lanlul elmpat;Lo
o':u';'r'nrd ptLtr".*ros p-rlla r6rrEoJ.nq
vlaoorel). prelr_,-ngfu,oa
d,nsald. rn pr6i1uvd, und.e rsallze&*
ld ai,tlcul,.uroa cu braful oferont
aI aroulul.
-. 3:.'e1;ur,l,
c,. e.ferent al0 doJ. neuronJ.t
-:i
'r" ?r'rmu,' nor'or, are po.rrcerronur. rn maduv&, rn or:.*-
i,lj ] !llt irrtolcJ-,, iyonu,I *ul parcurg€) ritrrr,{.elss vontre1-ii n
,,liil l
upInrrt, trunohr*1 ;r.cr--v-,ir.ur cprnar, ^"r;i;itt
,il rn.,.o*
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fa: I !ntr.'A -trtn-t.it"L 6angL1.on slmpaflba.{eont ";;*;;;"rn-*oi-ri*
qxoo
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clb ". qi' ptiut:' .r e sj-tuat In-qintoa esrle nlof:nfo d,r:l
:l nuna,gts t'J.l:r::{ p,r'o6anglJonnrfir
ganglronur_ur almparro, eo
-ll t In. garngllon se faoo,uIoon,,o
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oomunlcanb albt D" Rsiq eouunloant;.oenuqJ,,u3 I. Qart-
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H. Ramuld. d.o.real-itI B" Fibrll senziitlvlt I 1r. .ntb:cil

pro6an6rlooa:rE g o" Flbrd. pootganl5ltonar:il (rloe.bln^atE"
ierlborlulut sonqtlo) . Sdgotlls llndlofi. l;'ra lec bul
l-nfluxul-ul narvoo tn arcul refle:ro
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.lt E[d[ol.nt vrntr.ql[1 81 B!.d86{nq d<xsullL1. 0r .Ho:s-

vrrl erplnat 1 .D, Ran or)lruntoantg E6 Gan4gllon alnpatlol
!r ]{e:nr atupatlol a. ?lbrd. acnrlttvltl b. p1br5. !re-
g;engllonar[1 oc, tlbril postgqngllbna::H. doeti.natd te-
r"ltorlulut vLadorql, e[go{tle tnd.itott tralqotul 1D-
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grlrrn crnpotio dln .J.,rn[u). .]...rt;or.ovurtoir.,ai. ,""".a

o r1o obroor
lx1 orsto arnro.rrnro -..1oor oor.,ug1u -- qr co nunogto
lceaettr. Ilbrl poai;o u_r_nB ctc,uiL
gBl)ir,l.J.orrr<::d.
ftbrr. poot_
traLorttot l. prllr
'rio'vrr elr.rpat1.,rl mor6o 1a ri.1..fer1ta vr_ecsro (torrtrorrur
vlaoorg,i_.)
9! 2' pl*'n ranuri-La conunlcanbo ornugil eo lntoa::'oe
nn'r-t 0r epor p::J'n rsrruxlr-e acqetoru
ln norvll inp[-
aJungr; rn tsr.,'.b'rrur c10 d1ri..
t;r'1l;rrlie a.L io:: ( terltorlill eornatlc ) .
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rr!lna1, oent^i ;)sraslmpatrcr-rr- sacia.b aau
tni.;r-r; ;r.,,!1ilo uou=r,r,
unul norv oranran ponbru pa-ceoinpatrcur
crarrr€n, ,ir,, u-, io oazur.
alupatrculul, scor:t nrluiou Betc toii cl0 ttp pso*d.ooa'rporu*,
ra:r
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Z" tsrolui rrjlereni; lnolude iou iol. nerrron,lr
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]1rl-;'l-t(x, il:.-r".tc,ir:',.j- ./a sce:to,r,ctori
I tt.r,lonui o fn
.il ::r.l;rc[],-iir:i. oero.i:ra]-, co_l-og:t
L-rril-r'1.r.-itLi'l:i:rci l:ri ,L ieu,,;::r
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f !bre
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llil, acocF,l.:. ncr,./ sJuniJ$ p1).er!. Bp;.ospo ii.;
'v.1so':r,-,l f; f i) ilg L'c I' ii,r)it,.:,rt:lri j .boinil:.ixiL).-oo
lni:::,-.t]l g"*tlo,.
ii,1 i;l;;;r; Iir v"i:lr:Jla,rc*
orgrrrt)_ul racr:eott.ro ,ll;L r,lc, :fIc+r $1r:e,,g:r.,
-''o io.-r- dd u,i cr.,.i,r..r-i* ,ii:Lr:rin -tgi i,:re lRrl.c,l:i,J.o+uI
1.Li-bi-..
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crgail.ii_ul ir.t:.i,.rato ,Fi.bia
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r
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r:el )allBrtlnos',lio s{.lie tet{ 11e l.ar:u:
el:-,rpseij, C(lntx,e ooi dcr.,r. B6u_
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I ;le:rrafuaparhiri slis,pEs eet's .aplc-i;1at.[ i.;
.i,.r,,,,,...- " organul
i ^,:,u,iit 5;ir,ltgar-r;;l1.r:1i,.:.,I, fce_ftA .tAU;:1,A.
4.A\,r ./dr' l,i,

ill:i pu-nr;'b 11e l*.J.ar:s anght;r1.c eluholmrlu{

v-i$oliqi;l.' I sa cir:so..rLr- ,1oud- r,ervc,a orflGl**,
,:ie.r.J. pr:r!ilurtt .rn !o::|:Lu::.aa oentrarE,
Iai'i'ozBntri:u ;rrlua ;eiltrlr
ur{?,qrrJ-errr c*ltr!:r d.J_c, t.::r:rrch.rr,rr csr€*
b::u'lr o$:iL'r'!r riieracoia.l.icr,
r:or:Lsr.ir cor,bi.;u.H,o rrn ]o.f ruo"*
;" l.f *rlc,1 ( *,rt oo-_
r".que.rr axl e::.1- [) .

Iffi imeTilifi ffi Jwtsffi fliiffi';i6ltsffilffi$ffi t*1!,

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Il8' *''s%*o
tJNery vag)
€o Ilb::a oonzttlv6l bn Flbrs
prsga u1;I lona:cd og
t 3lbre poe-b-
gang.[;Lc,na16"
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iifg,ffiffiffi6gir:rultrjffi1;ffi.{i.+j{-$--qffisffi,ff., 4w, ffi ffii

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,t'
p6r.n Lndu-,so do f s u:^ nlrrro t 11 o v t_rtl ,}
orr,r sto J:'fo-funo J.ooa I yrlt.!- ,pi
ou;:,rfurzI tor,rrlnl.ttmul" nBr,yos org;anoyrJgo ! 'li
ta tlv a fost rLrblrpllr.tlb h
l^ A..tt8,
-!,..!,vr^\.L\vut
sn_! " " lI
lo Compon6nta olrapatlcd (pcrr.o c(ympfltlrlca,)
B. Conpononta paraolnpatlcd (pare,poriral/rnpsN)1lgp)
rn oluds unlr'a t11 .llntre ooJ,s dour. ocmpon€n'o
er.or
pr:n1.Lrll-e'toLuryl unele <l.lloron!lerl intr.o ol-s
t,,9zato por Lo gltua_
i;14 oonLrllor lnt'ranevrgrtall 2o norfologla d.1f,,rr:Itdr
a uopJnorrta..
It-rr pe::lforloo J, medlatorll crrlmrct apoc1.frc1.
;2on,t;r.u rr1-ecrre.

sI.tdPi,1,ICtil
(Pare Erya:€thtoa)

.
Roprozrnttr pertoa cea nal roare a etet;omu1u!
nervoi'
or8anov€getatlv dooilreoa lnorveerz[ gland.ale gurlc,rlperi3
als tegu*
montulul, mugohll ereotorl ai perrllor, lc,r"oulatr:rra ne-bad!{.
a v{r_
so-1.'r uangur're, vreoerelo. rbto fcr.roat d.rn dou-rr por!1unrr
une
oentralA g1 aJ.ia perlferlcrSc
'I. por!lunea
oentrald. lr:lnclpala Bl:1lpar.o q nerrronllo:_
orli€r ccnetj-ru lo aoeae td. por!luno eo afl.d ln
coalncIo l"eterrrl.o aI,..,
n{durvel epl-rrr'1rlr"Ea apare ca o coi-cand. t,sEebe;j.vr.
naintrrrr-ipLir
In.l;1ngb. !ni-ro r;egnon.-bi:l,a irociulsr.l C-_l^, (orL$J.::roe
:.eal.[),n Iri
orrpr'i-:lorLr &cosicle e"l frlst lc*r'tlrrca1r
'i;ari','1,: a, oen'l;rul oJ-l1cs-plle3.,
o ilerr,r,ie cr:n-i;:r::.i yog{}-*
b" oa:rlloaooaitlra1;or) cr oontrli
vaeo&ctori, d" rr'dorlparl, o" !ll-onotorl, f, rrozlcoopl_:urI1.,
g.
,$uospturail, h, al oJacullilLl
9l ,al.|il"
II" porllurss perlforlr:d. a sLnpatlcul.u,l c*'ri:il,or
1. tanluri're gar6rronr:ro rqtoroverteb:ralo ou i,enurrrs
i:ontiel,cantor
2, ?ornat{unl1s prove:to.braIe
5" Forna! iunri-o rntracrurar_e ( gao.gr r.onilr rntrerru'sr 1)
lo Lenfurlrc gan{tlrotrar:s Jaterovortebraren L:a nunAr
tls douitr. 81nt fomato dln clte 2;l-2Ji
5angt toul runliL prl-rrtn-un
':c'^lon lnterrned.iaro sl au fcst er.sten€tiza!! aebllar t 2--i
call'r Lo-12 tnraol,r r, 4-5 ronbe:.j. Lj Baoratlr Eenul:!-ro0e,*r-
n j.oqntn, ( neu t *oilrrnlo
, c361*
a nt r a ) a iirngil tonLl lanlur t.Lc r e lmix
t oe
sf ut roge!1 cr-r nn::vrJ- aptler
1.

r- prrn f r.iote $cryouer€ eou::.bo d,onu*

nlta ramurl oomr.Lnloanfc. Joeetd& ss ,ls.ryrlul d.in
narvl:L reBI.rso*
tlvL 9l' ao ti:*lr$r: ,t{ oliv's 6ao{l-lon1J" nlnpatlcl
npr.cpla rito fl,lnt
 t-., t

J.l.i-i. iu]-uri, (ii; r.,.r,.-r,, ,-i,",,r,r.ur_1 rri,cr u-iuu r;i conugrl. r-l uia
al_bo
{rtilrb foi'nsto i,1n jllbr:o rilol j-nlce pB ci:rd ceio conuD j.i dln
flbre
anral ln1oe" Reurrr-ilo com,.inicenio pre:lrrtr o InporanNd riooeobltx
do,,arr:oo aclgurd lner-ve{lc al.npatlcd. a intr-ogutul organlem,
, 1o rir::.-maprovorbobrer-e sr nt ropreze nt ato de o
t run1.r-r,r
a,e:'lo de gangllorrl g:L flb::o norvoaso l_rrterpu'o lntre lanfurllo
lr?t;ercvertebral,g El vl;:cero. EIe partlcrlpd ia aIcdNu!roa
unor
p.Lc'rut'1 n0F/oa{10 (provortobralo sau por.hrtsooral_o),
cum elnt d.e
oxe mplu ple,-rl.Ia canllac lurmonB.n, c o1lac
, trl00gcatrlc lnf orlor.
'h'arllt1onal rlo€,€ts f crrrnr! runr Bo rner descrru gr aeti1zr do unlr
ruub'rl in cadnr-L f orma{;lunlr.or elmpatlco, c1_l toato c[ 018
oon]ln
q1- o linportautil. conponer*'td parqsilnpetrcd.
,?1 door eu un c'ractor
cri.-rE, elurputrocl-.pareelmo,:rtic. peni;ru aco6i; uotlv prozentarea
Lor
irr:, v-q igco dupii c o a fou b doucrlsd gl partoB
" lqraalnpatlc[ &
rrlsuerrul-ul non,cro orii0l:.o.rei;otatlvo'

pla,i:ur1-1or prel'e,rteb'aro ra nlvorur d.tf€.:.Ltsron orga'e bar cu

e oam4. a vlscer-.r,oro ca gI f orma
!trurllo rl:Ln saro provrn, g! olo
u(/r,r'*rr
nrn--{rr crurrr
ol-{}. .lrt,r's
P.l
ulmpat:ce r:lt ry1 perael.npetloel su deol oarao_
t.rr nlxt, De Bceo,a ls vorn d.eacrio Sl pe soestor odatb.. au plexu_
r j-.i.r: vegetatlve (mlxto) n

Dlvizluno" componentu slnpe.b:Lod. a eieternurr.\! nsrwoe

or;;r,ncl' dsrrhit blv crrprlnd,: r-r-rlr6toa relo pH:nf l i

l. Pil'J;ea c erl'tcocefallod.
Bo Panl;ea bo:raolod.
0. Parl;eq nhlomtnalE (torabaril)
D" Part;oa pl,ov'!nnA

A. !g*gr .cefulcooefsl tgli

(Prrr: oorrrloalle et oephglL:er erynpabhtca)
porllrrne a olnpatlouhll- Bpgro eub forxoa q doud.
Xcoaebjtr
lfin!r.r,r! gar$llonara forrnqte oln btto do1, artoorl trol gong]lonl;
E-l-o rglnt sltuirtrl lnalntoa Eugchil-or prev.$rtsbralt
ql nedtar fata
d.o Eubr:rculll art.1;erlori al prooseolor trrrnsvotso
oeryj.oalo. prln
lttt;otmedtul. uno;l rlolubrilnl fasolale gangllonll ef.nt tlrsVt d,o

.d.1;Lfi:,Sti4.T*fffii{frig Fsffi rtrr

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l: j :.::l:P'i;13*riil:;i;: I

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:o,,1! Z. udrir,
{T :ti!: llil I ;:', : "* { il*ll,l.
frfffili; :*J,;ili'o;-piiil:
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l;*.{i.!lr}o ca:rriu1 pj. a_re
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fgi.eDdDmlnalJ.,
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u .'_af \ pl*,"j' i;;:1,, i r'eiilii:.j;l
1xi r -'I-'r,z/ t r,^l_lLll)i:;i.l I Ln glln;_
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l.J
 I-'f a nur .1. Euirculqr. provortabrel- l7l eepara!1
de mdnrrnchlul vascuicr
!t()r'vc e iirl glbrr.lule sltuau DB un plnrl
arrt€r1
Detorlt& elrua!lol, aBpsctulul gl
conerlunll-or Lor
t1€cBr.6 B0nAf ron nsrltd o e scr rl o rB Irarto.
<1

2, Gangltonul cor-v1cal eu!erlor (GangJ_1on

ceryloal-o
rrup0rl.uEr) n Errt;e altuat Ia nlvelrrl vertolrel
r.1to :r*rtngotut. .are o tunglmo rlB olroa
FB nr:r' Prezlntll lnportanbe
,_;t":tJr; ilni;::.
lapcrturl cu
:rr;rvu'ul vag, oara eete sltuat latoraI. B'ngllonul 1nf erlor al
lnf erlor de gangllrsnui.
oorvrcrel zupcr10r oetc drspue :in dregonard
v6f,r r'oe'borlor e;o gH.aegte ns'vur hlpogroe.
trunoblur n*"u.rru,
'0crq pr€rlnid 0u nsrv1l gl0aofarlnglan Raporburr nsr rndep[r-
gr eoooeors ..
namurllo gangllonulul oervlcal superfo*,""
rnatlza qstf ol r put slst{F
llanurl anaetomotloe., glnt ln
Bo
ll pun tln, log[t,u.rd cu rauurilo anter!oara nuurllr do 4.-]r gl olo
]I
norvl o rtrvlo qJ- l , ale prfunl.lor patnr
i
I

I
b, Iraururl euperroare. iu foet tndlvl.uarrzatis
f-tuornonos ramurr d.enumrter d.oud.
n€rruJ carotld.lan rntora
91 nsr,_ur ju*
I

-Ela vor f I deeorree Ia s1npat10

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I

c, !auurile in_f erl.oqr6. lceetea j2rla

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s5' norvul oerdlBo zup6rror (N.orad,rscue fuzlonars fo:ruaq-

oerrrloarro eupertor,) o&n6
i cobofird pe pranul prevertebrqr,
rnapola
,l In partaa etlngit. 6r€ un tral_eot palalo] erterei oarotrd,o ln*orn'"
su ertorq oarottd.d. conu:rg.
gl c.r t::.rrr,ohlur brahiocofarrc, ]81
I

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rntrd, rn eroAtulrsa praxuJlu!
carrLi.no, dupA oo stqbllegte
I

I
ancstonou o ou n.rragr
.rl
,'I d' R{rm'lrr auterrosxo' rntld fn oonpononfa
1l cerotld.;Lon extor:'n, Flbro d.rn pJ.erulu!.
'-t aooet plex so vor atstribul oa pl-o_.
xrtlll co<:undare ps rqnurlle d.o eubllvlrluno
ale srtsrsl oarotldo
l

il
tl oxter:;tcJ
il B. Ilenrr'.l posterioare, 6o rlletrlbulg
.iil
:{ Not:r'all e1 la colr:sua ogoaaA oervlcold. Ia nugchll pnovor*
,.r.
lt
i
r:;rmurl. gDastl)ncbLoo ou ganglionul
iniro qoostoe axletA $i.
,t
;.1 | auperlor aI vagulul g! ou.nor\.
-,.I vrit hlpoglr:s "
'fi t',
.,: .1 .Rann-rrl, lut*::noo ge d.i.strlbuta La ylsoorelr d!n rr_
gltnofl ':or*rlorr r ;:r'rr.'gc, -
.'.ii qf rarlngo, ee.fagr-t*".iuu;.-- ,

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., * q ._Bl-&g.t!9__9_qry,!g-q.I:*"Jlli&t.1--g-Bg!lao.
.,,-.&o n rlBrlrrr6nl auperlr.rr
.5n H.cnrd.lio I ?. g g"g.ilon_.llarrtotl rupcrlot,g
j, oertltoii-'i"fi*r,o9 utjtoclui
ra!.J1oct-u s
-?.
4. Gar8llon qcrv1anl,.
oo Gengl :!.cr:
"r{,"oiEiio-iiivrcral
't: )
ffiilinl";ilfi"
i
stuis'bi
(
i n. r*;r"€;;';lcur+ar s
-8,,
 la iiengr-lonul cervlc aI olJl-oclu (Gangllon
. oerwlcalo
o er.vlca10

r. -. ";:f;:iffiff*,1':l*l::,
n od luu)
€rrtr-o -,
11
r_
";;
rr.-.
!i4\.. r.,rrarr III
-- '-vu-tt
'-eurlr fJ- ['i'
tl8 rnn.l
fnr

l_;r.lorlon."-r r...r _x_.r_.

L.l.

.
CBtrzg .napOf f,UI' l]Of
tuborour;';;
OL
";;;";iil;:'i;:
I artora tlmldland
lil;*iT;. ];1,,, :::",,]:
rlrraubt-ur eooertula)' ::":o'"::u -^q^
unoorl gengll0nul qoegta pcate
ucr.L-Ct

Ranu:nlle lu1 Bo grups{lzd aetfelr iiip ui.

8. Ne::'vur carclae nlJrocru (,N"oardtaou8
r11ue)t. Il ulnoar:d u-u tra j.ect 0ervloarre Ee-
paralsl cru ertorolo oarotlde
ternlnA tn pl'xlrl cl,grrllao. - vq^vvr, gl eo
b' 'rRnnurr oqrotld'r'ene' aooatoa parttclpd
plo:n-rlui oarol;idlan d"lepue ra rornar'A
f,n Ju.!,r artorel oarotld.s o&uae"
o. I?amu:ni. tlroldi€nsr. dlrtrlhlc
tr-r'oldlene tn*orroare, po eoeest{ ln Jurrl ;i.".,
Eo
cere aJun€ lc grand.a t,.or.r
g1 lnrln6o.
do ilanurl anqetonotloe (oonuntoanta
---- oonugil)
-"gstr''/ oou norsll
ryl'.nall oe:rrlcall V gf iI .
). Ga.ry;llonujl'oervloa-t tn{irlirli (nu*rro;
racroun)' Eete cuueoeoul; gr aub nutrero """r1,.otn"-
j-j.on etclratun).Rozultfi gJSen6'ton sterst (.sng_
drn rusronaruu orirJi;;-;;;ilo
osil 0u prrmul rborqoro oe€q oo atr oo*r*
0besry{ ,tn 7rF-eoF a oerurtl0r"
'{oagt gangll-on so afl{ a'ozet pc oolur. ooasta Ln foaota
aup.:raretroplsu::aIE s lul Bebll-oau.
.Alte 'rr.nor
ra portull nel lnportante
eln* r
_ orr. artorq vertobrsld oaro
tl. naaohaagl. ett
f r:ri.td ln.oaeuL !:rf lltrat;t,*tor gansllou.r_T,ut E{ trobutc e

_ cu arte.reLo lntorcoetald ;;;;;;;.

cr{prenA gt oewfoald. pro_
f
_ o\1 li-genonf ele d.onulrr,t pla;ral.
Rqnunt'e gangrl0nur-ut oervl0ar
1a_!sr10r rrntr
&. N,'Frr-rl vc::tobral ([.vertotrralls).
art'era vertebra"Lll. gt dd ranurr oouunroaato ,. lneologto
oon'gt1 pontru norvlr
o ervl-o all 0, ,e6n0,
' b. He*rur oar{lqo tnrcrror (il.oardiaous .

J-n'fer:'1or).
oorvroarlo, r.,:
0oboetl'd f n d*leapta po /aNa pooterroarr.
ortq:::lal brahrooefsli.o gr tn atrnga, d.*-a e tru'drru'u!
),ua6u1 qrtero! os"*_
tlls ooruuns ettngr. ca f 1 oorlertl nerut oard.iqrrJ-
1; o rrr li.n^d ln pIoruJ o axd.tq o 9r aoeats go, .

"

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o' .rnrn,r-:-r,ro pJox Lrur t-,i;ro.t. ':nrpr co' incon, rr*

i",:ir"ro-,, (:)

|ri {.ti:'i; f) r'{ rrultr;-Lrl ,..Lcr-rllt rri ort (t Bnumlt,{ p,tr, l;luna, ea d.J-strlhri.r:r
rr''rb -forura un.n pr{j xuf i tncund,of.l in
Jurr-r..l lgq}:. 1,.1_ol. s! cto su[r<i L-
v I z lrtcu
ri.. Anlil cubcl,lvlol rl.,\1oa sul)or_ovla{r) Oaro oete colir.il;L_
cul-tli rlln f Lbro neirvorB(r co l-nconJoarri lno:Lnbe r7 I inapol sr:tr, r&
tru bt:..l.,r v lcu Ie rd .
Fo{!tunea_ cef aIlc{ (pars cotrrhallca s.f rnpablci)
-Este por!lune,s ei-etomului sin;rut1.c ::'prezentaii p:l1.*
doua r:amurtr csrs ase oun s-B rna1 arii;et provln ciln gangllonul-
oorvlcal eupr:rJ.ot. ,Acest,l,g s.lnt r I. norvu.I carcltl,iian,.J-nte.rrn e1.
2" ne::rul- ju6uiar.:,,,,., -.:,- ,: ,. ,;: . . .
'' i. ltoryui carcl;.lu j-rrLr lnburn (ly.osrotJ.cue lntornus) *
Itlbrerl.o saio componon*,o oinerg urn porul'euperlc,i rar gangllonul.r.r I
rco'rvlcel aupe:J-oq, peitrrurci in cenal,.rL carotld.lanlrlnd.of
ia,lodsf a,:
ln f lleta' foqrte f lno ce::€ ae. egcezr tn jurur errbrarel cqroiird.o
lnterne forrui;rc. proriri carotj-Jran lnt orn (proxu,j'l"uritrcue ln-
tornuE,). .qcesi. plo-x- ee eirulilc.q,, po:.ranurl]e d.e, su\llrri.al.une. el.o
arta:cJ-, hc-Luslv l,l rln.or0 ter:niaard. g aces-bo1a (elbola oitrrl.-
alc6-). rln p.Le;ari oqrci j"iiian Dcl:Ds60 gl sitje rnm.::ri ccLate:e1e
crrnr elnt I ,
s., 'Noi'^rr p1-et'r:oa prcf ',;ec sa* rrddd.o raa s lnpa-irc,i e
::er"'uI'rrl canalulr;l pterJ.g;oj_ciian (N"pleiuosue pro:3uncl,.re); .0, n,el:-.
vil csro'blcoi;lmpanlo J. (l{n. carcticot)rynp.entcl), ooritm muco,sss .ii*
vt bd'tlt ttnpanlce; c r lc[r'u]-r! monlogoale r; d.. r$muJr:L
nent:.Lr ioc..r.-
anterlor er irlpofirel; €r i'sinur.a slnpeti-cd penuir gnrgi_:Lcn.:l :i--,
Ila:6 f, ra,curl pel;r"j ns:-rll ocuLoncto.r:, troi:_Lear q! o:lre.Lr,l:,
2" Nervul ju5uiar (N.JuEuleris) . Se dotageezii d.o l-e
poluJ- zupe-rlo:: ai 6;er,gI j.on.u'r:rj- ce:-vl-cei srperlor qr! ae jlsl
res::.1;ir
ln euu pin-;i Ia 1'oser jui;uialri un,le se dL-,,J-,ls'ln-do,.rL ramr:::_ .ls,r.-.
i;!nator unq E;ao6IIc,nulrrJ srrlericr gi ner:v-i_rul vai'," j_ar,i:sa-Lal;;,.
gl'n6li,tnrriul lnf tt c1.or oI ne.l-ruIu*
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il qc lJn-,t/ *p"th Lc.: i)
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.oparlrlnrnrr na1 mtol
aec,lt oul elopatrcu-Lu1 ce.rv1oa1, lega!1 rntre or prtn
'l
.l oon]nn'-r la1;c.m'cl rsr. r,ani,ullJ-' a rupritle e toraolce
gl_au pastrat
cLlepuzl!1a motanierlcX prlurardo deoa16oe p6ntru
l
flocato norv erpl,-
nel oxlnud gJ. r:rte unul einpatl.c toraoar b oxooplra
llonBr{)a pr"lnu-Lrrl gan6lton toraclo cu
l n0 of oi.tr f ,-
fsnlnr
6engllonuL oerwlcal- ;Ln-
Rapor.brril r do 6angllonl_ borao,Lol elnt acroDBF.
Len,furf]o
::lto cte fasci-a endotoraorc.{ ca.ro i.t
ryr frxssz{ po peretere to:ra_*

8r'mpqulcl .1Jo"a.
toracrol v1n-Ln reponlt cu capetcl-o,ooeatal0r, in{
;",;;;:ffi;;;;r;
"frputf
'I ol' artr;,,
culaljllle lo€lQu:n'a!'sve-esgror
coetob:nenswez.co-o oua' i,a *{ f,ETvl!
a^.r ^ gX
:! y_ vaeal,.B antorr-ostarl. --
Laa$ul gan6llon,ar, clrsp-t rdepund.er veusf azUEo-B
lar *eI rtor-
be! -rieaoondonto €1 r'enelor hoElEr,ygoCl "-r-r*
-'Dtn slnrp=tlouf'torso{o
.-L rorqoto setoanrr;-
se d.oaprlnd ranpr! vleoerel$
g.L rgeurl eomatj-cel
:.-, .- - 3mr^rirs
vte4rato.- !1nt're -aoootes-, *ne,ler,.lnorveeall. -
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'rr, ned.leert tnulut poste;qlcr la:: sltelo - ryAr,-*gv4tqq/Jc\
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,. ,r-{a1oolor: tr8l b.6fvl apJ.anhl1loi-,
'": 'l';r't't
-.,1i', I' No::vtrl aplenhnlo ba:p€ (fi" aplanobl:tous naJor) oo
iformoazx '11s1,*un num*r''vqrlsbtl de r*hlrrl
oc{re
gangl'lonltJ-9' EJ-o rasruod.qoazd obrlo vqaelo oo deeprlnd, d,J.n
'l,u: l,iu-,ee lntorooster; sr-
_Lutere.L d.s vsnole Bz,lrge6. 0el dol
norvl ,irf o i-
uarl ae gd.ooao po laturlla coof au,rlut alg "oUf
ry! sortol toriolo ou
ije acuora 11-efregruoJ- exlrl.LA ponuru
f lgoaro norv eplauinfn of Eo un
ge lgltoq (Cianp.Llon splunchnlouu)o
fn ocntlnuoreraoerytl ner:r,,1- ntrd.-
bs'! dlqfr,rgpa 'brerolnrl pri.ntra etl.lpul
prl.,:olpal g1 ool &ooosor: D. ):
ejt-inglnd' :in qbd'omeno
dlot et &u w, lrsreot sou-rt (dc otroa e'ci.),,,
Lultcuirtr:l'ye.lac;r'etrtlcd1nflIbra!laa^pIanhn1ctlorlnaoopui
ob|lnerll auoat':ziel::agionalu,ylsoerale6 psl.ltonoul
poutqrtoF,,$-.,1
L'u-r"sL1i onacrurnto oouiio::a
nenrll ap,len4Lolo Iu trokotul lor loig!.i.
rr-o.i1' ryintt raioi.mi- l-n-a,ruJ-sr,oi puuill
uo"tul gl nuoc,.rJ.ulo poutru rtrl-.rr'''
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clol 4ar:,ill1orr1 <,:o1.ir.ir: j /grrrrilrrn{tnl r.
?. lJ,.t.r'vrr.L upllnirlJ.r: rnlo (i{ .oplrrnchn;lorre mlsor). r{<)ogj;
r"llri llldtrcJnl. norvrlllgo porn1.:o 1q cr el d.e
rrrer"/. f-rri c() irrt, li;ir1-u
11
a1
i0-1oo 11 aI ]l..l oq 61tr.6.Llonr (le1 clol norvl op.r-anb-nlr:i. ooboard
pl fofolc lul,'orrrLo are co-'r.cor:.o:L vorl;oLraro q1. utrdba.b dtafrB€]aa
prl[nbr**n orlllolu com,c. c' ie.lur almpatro proprLu-r,ll.o, torn,t.*
ninrrr:-3e c B pl no r',rll r,plnuhnlct rnarl p6 d 6 o Jrbrte rin gangl1.o_
i\rrl. c',l rnc r:rlrerrri;un:',11uor lril po d.s a.Ita Ln oallert!l gnnglton!
Irrricortlqi r aorl;lco-rnG:rontorj-cl. .ft eortlco -r0o8ll.
1, l{er'.n-rl gDlerihnl" ioJorlor (N. rprancbniouil lrrue) .
rloto r.rrr n6rr' porochs dar lnconcrtaut. Flooaro nsry oe deaprlnc e
oub for{ne u,'ol roilr.rTt indepencronte <iln ganglr.onur ar rz-loa gl
rirrpd co stlr'llbato dlafragroa qi, tornlnd. in plexirr rena1l
fapt pontrrr
cnro elnt Cenurnfit q1 ,,oplenlrnlcil ronaIl,,.
H,.jnurll.o soixstlos, Erlstd fJ.bro nervoaBB
ol.rnpattcs oaro
pl +o.tn'd dln o cle ,loud lanfurl ganglJ.onare f olose60
cal,oB ranurl_
.i c,r oomurllcau.to o oriugll g I ao rllstribuie
vase.l_or sangutnoi g1ar>"
'1o.l,cI pLorll 9t nuqchlrcr pJJoei,ocrcrrl dln po::e!rl iru:rchlu;_urn
a " &_{.i..Ugg.i_.*}loqLggl j (!era abdom j_j1alie
n.qnpet;rrci,,\
_Eatrt ro1r1.4;LernirrLJ ]r:. 1-:lr dcud. 1a n'guri_
{.,1ry1 j-on:l rri s ln::a*
t;l,oo ca.:-d coniltlrd .oo ceir: fore,:J.cgu El.a
ci;llii:,tr Cisf ragn,a, t:i:cc
prlrlb:r'o ntl).pl-i accsllo:.1 al ncoEt-oie iJl ar''oa,l-a ji6ogzul'rl, gji.r:r-
;'r-ccl pl.nA.1,a proncntorl.u. io ia aooet ol;"01. dov:Ln
langrrrl a,im--
;,nt1.o€ sacrqto-
r'lecore lan! el.peti-o abdorarna'r eete :fon;at ti.in cit*
un crgrrd6n norvo' pe as.6 ero gdo'ac interpuqr. ctt;e +"F
g;angrronlo
()tnr3;liontl qcor;tla elnt nnL erun6llJ.
qi nul lol,.rnlnog:L cLoclt coj.
t;orsiolol. Lanf.:rllo gaDglj-onera elnt ap)-io8tr: pq
fa!o_te Ieterrilo
tl-o oc,loanal verteb::ars ntdlal cr.o uugo.riiul pBoqr! q! Lnalatea
aF-
t8r-elc'rlrombaro. De parLaa etlq;d ra,nf,rr
ei.mpatJ.o so afra d.o-.E
'Lunggl aoruoi rar <io pari*a arl"e,ptu. e.r- eeto acotrrorlt <ie
vsns
':et,u .|nrarloerfi' vasof n ll.i-ao6 Lro!1r:lLrx f :.aa f,na!rrteq oolr,ir cli:uA
Ianiuri ala;..,etloo,
''i,
.'.-i -''
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I)1atrltru tta o1 upeti.nl,_lul sb<loe l.aal o Elircurli.e o org
:
1.'ur'nlteO r1.li qooast|1 pcrfluno a urlmgiu,;ii:*Iu!
po.l; f1" plrrt*r.atLza*
I'u Iu douti ncl'1. d(rdIle r ai rsuurl, oi.,LntoI:a'1.€j bn falfiu-T1. cctr!rn!-
oul)tg"
r
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a' [ianrlrr'coral-araro olnt do orol
murto fe].urlr.1,.1a_
oro oo dlstrlbur' 1a ccrlu;.11e
: :-'|:-::tTDo.l8culoro,
___i_ ?, iq d,"uitjeu-.1. ver.bobro) or.
_Llgstnentfir cor.oopunzdtor'
pr6Cum g1 1e hllg_
,:tlilul tooes. . R.ttoLrrl vHacular:o _ slrrb doot;1nate
ll
arborol
rr ixl0nrnare
I rqrru-r110r or coral;e::c1s q1. .r;er-,n1.n-al a (artorsleaorta
lij.soo c0nuro, lnbr:r.l.rei gi oxtorne). r_
ttp.Lan'hilol lombarl (Nn, aplanchnlcl
J. Ramrrl vleceral-o _ norvll
lumbaloc). Dln oel paun:
g-Lronl ronbarr cio f lscaro parbe, ;";;;;J' ,ro"u 6an_
cn,r boro j, .o.u unln<r.u_eo
norJ rrnu tr.r-ncbl corDun _ ect_e oplanhnlcul
d o l. oplanlrn16l eo lombar" Csl
une BC l_a nlvolul ve_rtobrelor
V, Lnal prlmeeo flbre dlte plexrl aortlo loabero Iy eau
ahLornlnql ql fonnoaad
:trgrrer.rntr ploxul-
)rlpoger:trlo. euperro:: (Jllexue
hypogaetrloue s.upo_
'r'ror') I prosScrat (N.praeerroral{a) o io oeta
BAu ne','u
ii'ur oorr"lon la! ar,€ Bsp€otu}
rtr, uaoc,rr egte-pl""J.;;r--;, coboar,.
1;.r:,lu gl fala ptirvrani a daonrrur. peeto pro&on_
€je divide tn nervrr
r'r'1. r d'rept 9r attng (Nn. rqlpoeastrro hrpogae_
r) oara se terninr. rn plox'r
hlpogasbrlo lnferr.lor (I1,:sua
$pogaatrleue lnferlor). Nervil
apr enhnrol l0mbart ae'gurr.
rnervalta elmpatlo{ a org'nero:: d.1n
pel.lrls gl s porLneulrrl,,,
.,
b. Ramurl10 conunroanto u.680 lanlurrro
ba-r'rr ou raddcrnrie oEre slmpatloo 10u_
tntrd rn oomponenla plexurul
p'rIn qcoseta aelgurd. rnr:rvatra loubar gr
vegetatlvit a monblrlur lnf sr10r,
0 perrt j,cularltel;,0 q qcestor ramurL oonunl.oante
esto ace€a eA
urrr-ti ual lu-agl d,lcrrt toerts
oelelaIto ranrurr oornunlcanto .'n efnt
r-'4;lun1 aJ.o corpr:lur" 6r.nt a.rto
vqrlabrle oa nunir qr ee d.eoprlnd.
pAr'f tlo laterale ale lar tltn
!rrr!1or el-mpatto o.
D" Poz:lilunes _p elylan4
(?are polvlna ryetematle erympqthloi)

pe.Il.rn
'lnprrtrculpre:zrntdoonirnud pe oar s*omr._nar lnoeprnc
pronontorlo
rrlo -Lcr
so sub forua * doud lenfurr gangr
l:8 oc'netlbulte fioosr€ d.:Ln olbo ron-a-
J_+ gung.Lloat unttdld prlitr,-nn
Oo"'rtca lntorioodra:n, tro! agozato po
fnla polvlan{
rllnl- laiA do 6trurllo Broratc antellour,u.'irto"uf s eqonrlur no_
ac g[eeso trrrrh_
obJ'urri-l0 plexulul saorst qr arboru
ntpogaurrroe cu r'murrro c1.,.,
rn portoa rn-ter:roar[, la vrr.fr:.I. oosol5orul,
lnntur:l elbpatloo Bc urogo, forofnC 00]o dou^d l

o a!-rgd tn vlrful cdroh

uo gt{ce6to 6ar\gllomrl tx..par (Can.glton
lnp,or)o ;-i...,,.,,;:
 * ,! (rl] -
lracturllo slml)uElnulul oaccat ryIrrt vlscorglo gl uons_
'ulcrcn
Ranurllo vluosrslo Blnl, putlno q1- uubflrl. Unols Bo
to:aJ-nr Ln p1o:rr'rr hrpogoarri,o rnferlcr, Brt€r.s B6 rndreapttr
l['root €p.ro vlsoor-oro r,orvron,e (v*z1c{, root, uter etor)r I{on!ro--
rrdn od unelo ofor:onlo vreooraro ar.o ularpatrou-r-ul aaor.at, troo
p,rln ramu.rlro oourunlcanto oenugll Ln nervl J- oaora!1 gt
din aoog_
!la in ploxul ruglnoe. prln interded.lul aoostula vor aJun6o Ia
per:J.nau gl organelo genltalo oxterne"
Bemurllo eonatlco .'ro€azx. rnar araa trereobul rauurr-
ror couunlcanto oenugll, prln intenusdlul oA|rcra abo.rdeazA norvil.
eac'atll (al ple'.ulul sacrat). prln rasu.rr.r-o de d.istrJ.ti.rtrle arc
aooetula, l_;rorveazH. vegetatlv nombrr:l lef orlo.ro

tnR.n8ll,rPlT!;.grrL,,, , . : ,,1

: (.Fsrg parscynpal;hlcq) :":-;' ,i.'-:r'-'- . ': '

-''.'''-,'..'
OcnersLlid"i** deeme*oE .jlmputicuir:.i, pl pd::!lX para-
uj-inpe'lloa e ais+;'rmulul or'gsnnrrogor,B!t.r 11 clereorlon d.gr.r6.
por,!itr.,:l
f , ceaL-lql-I, ,. intranoc.re*Lal.i.) gL eo po:lf orlcd.o
I' por4;r.'anea oentrerld"
cure fornat[ d.tn oantrli" vago_
trrt j"'il lsl-ssinpefi-cr
etaJall crltuat,l Ln brrb, punto E;l uezsnco-.
f r,I. Et uint e:rexali nuclollor, Ce cllglno
uf r*o, oo*rrr-o"u"f u^1"
Huc]elt lupreunil ou flbrel-e caro ptl.rr:lno !n ,acregti. B€11r! clanle*
nl, co:rsiJ-tui6irc psraaLarpatlcul urnnlan. In rn!.d-uva eaoraid ex1eta
o sorlo <1e oentrl vegetarlvl d.eeulrr,sit vlsoo:ce,l-or poJ-vleuiuj_u.E:,
io:'n.oazd. parsslrapatlcul uac.;::tt, .Au
f oat d.eeo:cl.gl oantrll nsrvo[L
i-r8reslnpr:ttc! pl ln nAcu\'e r-oraoo1.ubaril. icegtla qr ayoa m1
in prcdr'rcor€a fenoneireJ-cr ce vaeod.l.1ata!le gr blporsnlo iurrotl.rr-
r<u+q9

?. Pcrpirr:ree perlf erlcil,'* oata foJ:aat{ rila 6angrJ.out

pe''lf arlcrt gL flbrs ner"/oEE6, Dlntle aooetua,'" - ro feo'1oi3[.fr:ra
ril
!n'bro oo't::tl ln-urssrralt g1 f onnnNi,u:rlro or-braaxlale
undo vor
fq'ro alnapea gl sfnr; dcis,rrnlte rrbre pregan[r{-onare;r 'rltaru I
pc}*
nugo dln gnnglloar qr sr:,-.t cls'unlte f i"b: g postgangrlcnatc,
,raro-
J'6 ntsrvoqso peraaLnpatloo foloesao f ir tr:alectut I

nei-vllur cranl_o- .1
trl0 :ite po ceI nI jrsrvl_Ior eplirul j. (oecrett) spro a aiu_ngo
rl:lorto* i ..r 'ii" .-
la ps_ i

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Fls. 4]" QeJrtrtJ. yosetattvl pqrsj:tnpattot grjlgler$

]. Conetrlotor lrls III. 2. Gangll"on genloulatl
1, Nucloul f aolalululy 4o Iiuclr:ul leort-na]1 5. Nu-
cleul sallvar er,rporlorl 6. Nucl!ou} vegetatlv JX, X,
E eu nucleul eerllvar lnferlorl /. traotul eolj.tar
III ble, IXr.X1 B. Nucloul anb:Lguu1 9, NucIeuI aplnal
eL nervu-l-ul aoc€,Borl 1"0. Gangl;Lonul ruperlor aI gloeo"lr
f arlnglarr:rlul1 }}. GangJlonul cervloal zuperlo:: olb-
patlcl 12. GaAgllonu] euperlor gl nornulul vagg 1). Coar-.
da tlnpanulull 14. Nenrul. llnguall 15" GanBliorrul- t-xL-
geul_na1.

'ti
i. .P-''igjlgPs!!lu1_gnanl_gg'

Nualoll ,ap,artf&tnd parBs;[upatlculut oranlan elnt 1o-

uallzoll la trulchl'u] cerelral ql gt elnt oonol0erolt oe o Pro-
J-unglre q ooicsnol 'vegetatlvo de l-q nlvclul nr5.duvoln Lnapre oa-
r:aial. E! si.nt oqalonafl rlo B\rB fn ;Jos astfelt '' ' '

ffi ffi ffi PS:+,$;rr#;.T;f .Ti-ry"eq*B

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rn nnzurlo*frr. r r. nucrs.r trldoconBtrtotor q1 foto-- it,

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fioomo"di.lf rrr (lrorI1.a ql itd j_rU< ul*t1nB.tpL\ell.)
r rnarqt norvrrluJ. ooul-o-- .ii,
I

nc' t.o.r^
rrl p1]r'r'5'tlil ID nucl tuI Laorli,touuooirara.L, rtr:igxtlt nennrfrr.L
,oJ

-ilcj-a-l. l 20, 'ru;.t.1 'rrll sa-1. 1'rx:r,uunBr.lor Frlh\.Ntr n0i-gu=lu1 liitar*iriotliat 'l
(. {/:1 .', U.i : i; J n ,j,l
tiii
nlvs_lrrl hrllr,rl.ulr J.. ;ruclouL sali.var Lnferior,
l.;B ii
enuxaf, norvu,Lul,llosulallnglon; p" tirlol.oul onrrllopneunogno!:t.-
on t n r-lc rno )r$ L. llor.,ttlul ,ra6q, \

vn.loaroe de
-dc,ogtrr nr-ror.ai- au
polrl.t cls fa el 'ontr1 e,f vctor.l N 1n_flurul
or.bo trarurulg pa oAl uctrio€ orLtrr olntr oal,sa
1::i'<1o<:onal;r!otoBrs,,lareu oanir.otnhtbrboaro sau. po oxr eearctoo.-
ro oun glnt t oliils laortnolo, erallvqre rBU riuceBB€o .Axonll oBro
por:ir.13sc c'i-n aooqti oont::i- arnt f lbrs prqg8xgll0nara"
urmrncl i;rcr'o-
Lrri- nsrvj.-Lor o::anJ.o4i, ele aJurg ql ea teruina rn'pngilonti
ca:ro
sclLl.ral.ce jl{-i cu I 5'rsylBuBrali
co
"
Farrreirnpaticrc. orrnlqn irtrrzlan ln nuuom€Bs Bote
rn:'ler:i,: .1n cu:rs' pu::atuJ. do .olecero iI oonstlf rrlo nouronll senzl-*
t.l-.rj. al aori;l.i,c,r' r,ra,rtgn,la

i',, are e llLp a'i; j-cuL q ne-r (? u.C ui ono ro r*a i1l
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(Ca.1.ea fu'ICccc::trttrLci:oele, gl !c r..ir,:),iatoaro), ,-l
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r" H"rcl:uI do oltgluo aaie cuprlns ir st:;ctu_cg n,;o_r*u., ,.1

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rul ne:-'rurur ccuroaotor,2. !or,l.ir*rionll ee ailiL rn eoest ,l

iuor.e*.
-[ronJ-L 1o:r ,ru vsroelo ds fllru. pre6aingllouarr{ s() I

lnteg:.eaar. i:nn_, I

'ri::rru'l-u! ntllrr:-l-u1 oouicirriol, troc !n rarsurs rloei;inat4 u.uryoir..!*..-.ir.i I

obiii: lnjinrlor gl prin r,{clf,c1ne notoa:u s 6carltonului clil.al i

rs rsrreet langrl.rnr'unde ee feoa singpegn 4" ,11 iiolreq nftLron ,..i,, :j

o&?i.l ,l
lopt:$aentat nrilr oolr:]aI,s ;agrll;tlve aI* gengllcrnulu.t aurlntl.f rr l
,
,lxonj.L Bces'icrQ o{)ndit1;l1.st:,s f l]l;:,.rLq po,i,arBanqlicin&too pa rl
I

i:_ I j..,.r.-
uul neryll-or ,l
':1_i-lsl:,! acrul;i ela a$ual! ln globul ocuLar, lnt:n5, !n ,:,i I

pJ.o:ru-L oll,le:r *1:l lrlen Jnerrrnd, ..,!

aflmtu*l |".le.,lul ql nuqchLul :l
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"Aaost elLat*rn nrcduool a+ oontrqo!ta flbi,slor clrcuJ_qre :tl
.:'l
,ria J::1sul.lrir, decl nloztr gl b. ,ocntrsctta. xugohtu]ut c!ll.aru '.t
pont;:'u aoouods.roa l-r dtstnn!4. lrcul rcji.ar oste '{l
conllote? prtn '.j
.[lb*o].a aonzor{cr).o ara narvuiul cptl.c, o, realuns q arrcr-arrlr.r! pu- ,'J
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111. )-rrr: {lrlrloccna!rlcrti:r) eato ursati. da rlllrtaree pupilrrr{

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(---... /,i l,i-'?_-.| '" ssgf9geletllgf

-)/' : : (ref renr-L f otomotor-aconod.ator)
lil
f l\ A, *:,,*:*ffl r""fNro::*yt!?}o' ;iiiiii;:
(pgrnser-
K,r>,, \-lf-'t :;:;lFt]i 'r ';cdlo'oto"
, ,)
r
\\-
,
r5"::i:n\
.". ^rc'-, \,r
)f/"
C, \i/
lil
l;l
lii-----',,
t*lr,i:i:siiiffri:i:liiii";
nulut1 6. rlanstlon-"irir"i F:T*h
pootganglion_ardt
manaltmiarl
F;,Ti;;
B.N,nn*lie,ri 0;"N;
1o.'n.""."iiaa tnre*r,{!
"''\,,/t/
/t[ lilrl *l:-o:ffi*1fl?^c
orwioel:tn"fiil;-
: -* ^' rri
..tsl:;=.==Jii
.S: -'T -\Y-'\,
I T,nnt al'nnn-f:{ n ,
ohlul
i'*"ilY,"liiii:i:i. +"
prlnc,lpal).
N
' splnal' (trun-
iI )) j\ Flbrel-o q'l nrno l- { ,'
tr''l hnal n elmpatlc$ s|nt lndlcate
Il:nll--punot;sto. Crrl*lnuo f-."-,tu lrln
^
,).
-i:i \ / ln mdduva troreclcd aupa:loar5 fh:__ iirra
)/
iI Thlr. Stnaperrr tn ganglio""i-.[..i]"r
superlor. .Flbrelo paraolnpatlco
lruilcqte prln llnli neintrem;;":elnt
Orlglnea lor se aflE in puOuni,"i"f
srnapoar rn sa;sri;;;r--
:ffi:i:t.
olflgs.I so deecjrlu trol ramu'l aferonter
Gan,qllcnrr]
-' ' r'ilcliirlrra oenzlblvS, oalro € o ramurd oolatoralb. atolr".,^rlo"*
irJ-1. irrl't 2. rEclrJ.o:lna motoaro,
ecr_rrtHr Dro.slne din ranura pontru
rcu g':hlul oblto 1n.f r:rlor a
oourourotorulul $ . €a qcluc e f lbre.Lo pare_
:rL ,',rrt l.l€ pJ-ecabe tl 1n nucl.eur lr'ldoconetrrctor
-'r
gl fotomotor, f l-
br:a c:''tr'e Bl'r venlt po trercouur ocrilonoto.nur-urr
J. ratldcrna arn-
piab:[cil 'rlno dln praml csrobldlsn futsrn (perloarottdtsn)f
iirrnrurlll.e oforerLtg eint replozontate d.o r,ervil ctrlar!
t'tci;'i.'l lo dcr;stla r;i':'dbat ecrar:a
;t as clletrlbule 1a lrle -- cxr-.rla
f i c:iuc flt-rrn consl;ric.'hoRrB (mJ-oza), pr€(rum gl ra uugcbluJ cll l.ir,.
11+r i, tir rrrl:r-inci
Bcorncid 11r6B .j. a d j otenf il.

...,,;:1.

Mffifi.fi! ffi?ffiffiffi#ffi ffirffimMffi

 lj. .lrrrfasilltpirllcul u.rlo.{i.lt faclalulul
( Cal u n lecrlborruconazsL{ )

iiL.rc.l.oul Laci.luonuconc:,: al €B+;r: o{t.rlqt mo<j1n.l Irl!,ii

^1'lc-i'ri'r1
rrr't'r' ar facrslurul. pr1.roll neur0nl afJ.efl rn ac.0at,
11 o

c-Lou tet Lrlmlt- axonlt (ftbro.lo nLl_

proBsng.i.loncrr.o) prln tnrnch,L,l_1.
rIGr-v.LrluJ. 1'rrc1l1
, rrpcl 1 p::iLn m;lre,Lc nory pletlou; IIe pdrd..,r
ertrnoa tornp'31srrrlrrr in irl0tur eer.:
Irf 1u1 tr,arJ opio g 1 lntr5
nenfa nr:i-vurur cenaruiuJ- pte-r:lgo'd1en. "in cor:pr:_
prlx *,su.q::uptI ql e,iurrg;o epol -ccosta tose dln orani,.r-r
:rlrr ci3nalul pterlgcld.l-a[ lr:r
f oBa ptcligopal-ablnd la gangl
lonul pteli.gopalatln - undo ce
elnepsa. rlicl ee griseuc nou:onj-!.do f nco
orrllnul ,t1 Z_Loa. .Axon:Lj.
ccoctola (rtbro pcstgnnglLouare)
pot ulila do*r. cdi; J.. fls pr"1.n
-:teP:11.u :i3I,g ,yl€:g,gc9at. s.angrr.n cu ns.rv.'l msxlfai., rqr'r_rr€r
bLlarS : e aceciula jl ol-
"noeto,ooza cu n6rr,rJi,iu..rra;, nonru1
gl ea ter:nlnri ln glandq .lacrlneld.; 2. tfe-f prln noryll ne::eI!
-Lac:,:Lae.!.
poeNe:i.''-roorl.ll , ou,.tri t";r.;r
;2eJ-ef arJ.aglan (3cckl errr:e
a ,o rilspf r'11"1? poretolo, o*-tu#,- i:1,
*i f ,r. ol-or nai":le, ivrilui pu.;.,r
il'' bcr':n palatr-nr q1, lcr o )&ri{r -
aro
ir'olr:erijl oL:c;:o!1a gleo,re,lorrru"r.r"i*.-;;^;-""e!ra loi;;"- i,ceeb ereteu cir:n_
!lo'r:io d1:r :ru1';iunr--l.e aorlntl-f, gJ.asioior mu_
o, ,lrcur iei-Lsr ^ oste conprsiat pr:1 ::l
f l brsl o s on:1.tivs'
.11u ,,""v,rl ui, t=1guru""
il'rrirIJ-onlll nlrqilionqlg_t:.1"
p u i. t lnr1.
;o gdseigio !n iooq pf e :::1..,n;,>.
, i, t.] ltrllou rcoit.lal{ q ner'r:Lul
r.r
ne:rJ"l,a::.. lleto d o dl ine n
n1- inlc I ( ai;:oi<m9t1v :; l.l:*
;_4 rn).
iiem*rlig eforr:^:e eintr r-n r€inur,1
clrn.ne:-rur. ptor1.30_.
pierlgo.r.dlan -. oq,e ee ror:res::a
fi::;;:";:.:'::1.1::*t"'rrJ
'tlsertomozili.sa urarerirj- nar*,r plotro{r (superjllcle}) )rl
e.::a :rr-a
'iaclul gl u,lpge flb::o ;1r:rrijjlnnrr;lcrr oere vj-:e di,:
plocet c1:i pro:c;r perllcarc,t;tdian. rj *,rJ;-;r;;;;"';"or,-r",i
su ooiliruga. o ra'i:i i.r,corr --
stant{ pro'"'onlt;r d'rn nor-,.u1 tlnpanro.
. r'ru,.or". ;io;L,iil;,,;ti.ibqr
gauglionu) fdld et{ l,aciL ,-..:- .;
slnapsB, a!:lo

i
u,,.:",,,1
Juctnd.
Ti=il,ffi;;i; "ii,I-::if;Jil:T:l:i_], l;T-,_
cres Becreflo! aaIe. ll.
sf,j.mr,:l
riorwl'ror nozalr pc,steroeup,arror.l !au. brl
',,Alio -rBat:-c1. j.octrr-l
qir aetfor aJu'g..;,;;;;"o
zal:1 (n:i..;,:'f nl B€{:ro!ln oo,-
g.l-,rnieIor. ).
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Y ,.1
),9
o_
\\\_ a- >t12'^
t
-. ,l /l
---->-'l (1
v'
,.;,
l:

l,' 19, +t;, lqr.g.silrrygU!:ij

(Schoma refloxrlut lacrlrral el a er
crotiel glarrl.elor plbuitaj.CI 1);

.1. NucIouI factululujLl'g:.XuoIeul trlgomonulull,

11', N,,trlgonen I 5t . Cianglt6aul trlgeriil"t;i;
oftal-rllc! 5n .N.6qxlJ.arg 6r, N.mendfhl1ari Z;N"4nIIo
cfllari Bn l!"rqcrlms].i 9.N,otmoldar I gt: hnm*"anqso.-tn-
l;rat'ooholarrl r0. Irrcrmrrrq irntorlcarp i o.odoldui;
l-J r
l?nrali-rq lntratrochoroarfl 10. Banura anto::loarE
$ n. oburoid.al g lI. Itauura nezald q n.eturold.al I 12. Fulrrl
ct;n ju:c1;lual 1.nf orlort IJ. 'Glandq Incrlnal_H.1
I'l ":lr
(.inn1il1onu1 pto,rlg;opalatlnt Ij. ll.nazai
1.1. lost6rI6rl
]:6o li." pletrnsp lZn ce ngf f on e€.d6urai l ia.
-- ' +l.i9r
r _ti.
I'uo teli roBr.o.
1,1n1.e, contlnud.r f i.br:ar eenzltlvs dln brlgenon. Llnlo
d.lecc,utllu.{ r od,l parae lnpablco"

r9l:i
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i

C" I)rirtrglmlrrlt IcuI anoxrjti llrlo,:rnorl

;;;;.., * ;;fi;.*ffi
I

i;;; il1;;;;t; ,tr.r *Ju1 Wr.Lnbe16

{rir l) l. l-n{{1 l n I rt J e

CuSrr'lndul J'lrrol-ouJ r;rillvar riul)011or ciqlto rleto a1r;uau

lmodlat doaaupro nuol.ou.l"ul trncnilul 'lr:Illar. },-rlnll- noLrronl B6 I

uf.Id ln a,ier;b r':uoiorr. ironl.j. Boout<lra (lllbre prr:SJarrg;J-lonaro) ur-

munzE tralootrrl. norvuluJ- lrLteniedlar ai tut wrlr:borg, rrervll
coarr]a ttmpanurul, nor','rJl lingull gl d"o atc I ln Bungllcinul gub-
manltta-r.1er gl eubllng;uaI - rinds fao slnapce. Fi.brole pcutgangllo-,
nBro B€ tarulnrt in glande.Le subnandlbr:ler5. r,ll uublln.gle,J-X dstor-
mlnlnd BeoraXla aoostor&.

D . pqre s mp et l-o uI _a plr :cg i.-sl.oa gf a r ln.q nqIql

L
1,
B

.,, :, (Celeu soc:€fJ"at g1na1oJ. parotlda)

j la

ouprlnder un nuoleu 1-ntraaxlar, nuoleiri aarJ.var !u-

cor:Lor eltuat 1lin6d. nuoleuJ. bractulu! eofltar" I,lbrelo pre6rnglL.
onq;ro s€t lntogrr:a25. J.n truncbiui. nervulul glasofar'!ng!en3 p;lrd.*
,'iJ.ad c<1attr ,:u a,:,lav,i e1'dooraaj-.rr, prin uuo.i ju1g,":1arx.-''' in'oo,.tr-
j:r\r{rr:d r &or-),4'bo f :Lbra t:rac p-:'.i-r g;:n{iLoru:l j-l^f q:-;i.o::
nnexet ne:ryu^,
).ul 1gl.r:sofa:l::.]3.l.e,n fb-.c5 r,;1. ie,:.i :1r:prE alcto ]{sl drparte. e.i.* €r;
nlliieiir; nei.r-,rl-uJ. {;l.n';;unic ou 0.1I,9 nj'.ttg in navlfaiea t,,..n!an.Lc[,
irer<.' gp,:j- ln 3Ej:i1r)- t',i-nnrir.Lc o p.io:eri. 'r;i.npanic ,r;i- in .l'lno j.n nHr..*
rruL rnlo plLti;rou, lnpr':u::fr. rr: osi'e pd::r.sono e'i;!rca toinpo:elu*:ui
ilrlr. hJ"atrri- rGxrrlirq'l; scoriul IlBr^.'* In tontlnu&:.'o ilir:r,elia st::Xbeb
iloua l:irstsnpclais, g* ee tr:'::rrnr !n gar6lj-onrr-l- otic.r, i,!)ra..-e
!,ostgansJ-tonarri pdt:'":::C in.- l'onr-r1 au::louf oi'enporel (:l:epiprfl ;,. ila!\.
mrul nen-d.lh:lar') 8!'r,r a eo lileplnri.i- tn g,rnnria perob:j",]1,, E"i_,,; aL,,
roI da ntluru-l.ar.CI R s ecrlrgi*1 glandul-era.
Qqnglt().ggi" gtt.c osho sse.ret tir.psrtsa moc:LalA a nor-
'v-uiuj- qanci.tutar,,ls oaro in'r.i nu. B 1.oge:o organj.,:.
;l (iielu lne-
Jiai; cacoe-ubtal grIurlll ovule. Lunglnaa lut osErr rle c:Lrcg r*rf nn.
.Hemurl gf B:J,!-:-?,r lu micr{-
I

li"tr. pletrcu 1- oci:rsta pr<ivl-na 'l

,1,1-n ne!:lrui- t{nipento, l:sn,,r::ii a gloeo:Jeilnq5ilcu)uig ?,
rarr.,lrs olrp I

p,ri;l-cE dl.n plr:*uJ- elng,a-l'lc ai nrtere r neLl-ng;ae ni, jiooli t j, \.r- I

rur.& senzJ.'biv { rtin ner:rrrI peri<lil;ula::"

 ,n
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fl-l--v-r
lrlfU -
|r.r.L!
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Figo,r5. Isrggtmpqttgu] gpgxt!_!9_ryfgl

,{g!grrr e.d.lq r .yrl sbelfi
(sch,ena :reflexuluf
s;tar. zuperlor:)
i. Ntlo"l zul eejL lver euporior
r.uauoor-) 1 )s tro t *i]n
'+. cu"Af;; lon.ul trtBerntnril
g"nor'u"iiii
)r I{ofacfurr r (jo r{oooJ"ai"i,LoprouruI -Geng,L
-;; iinrouratg
B" Ganglrcn'o-*i;;i-;;;";i;i, fi]irocour I
*1:l I I0: . 0o rst ton pto-rieJiu., *rro. ?: Gansrion zurrnandl-
r,r.nra ocnrln'lj i o.{l ;**l;i;;.
t/eg:rt4tt1r.4,,, avarY Lrnio intraruptl g cd1
,,,,

;,lir l::-,

ffiffiffffiHffiS:ffi MrFffi rr
 //
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1l
I
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--

ti)t,/
Iil
ll,
il

':
!1g" rf?uIiaraetnpstlcur ansxat nernr.l-ut' groeofarlngrae
(S<:hema roi}ar.rl,uJ" ealivu:r.. lriller:.or)

I - Nuglou] sa.1.{var: lnllaflo:r I z": Gengl:Lonur. :rlgemouu]u j. r

-1*_ Ne."rul roo.nd.J.t^)-e:.g 4: N"."iaulal I 5, Gen6;I1;;;;i"';;".t]^t
oYIol I .5. Crlns1i.onul'otlo.g 7. N. auri,rrr) otiinpci.nal r3. 6{tl c trr
;
l_.l"ot1dIg ,,9, .N,tl.nrpnnl.c g, ir,, N"rjr]arde tln;ran,rlul j fi. i;in.
iluonu-l !nfoilor sI 5lciaofar.lngrrenr:lul;; 12. tt_ lfnlf,-,aii i.;;
i{ . g-l o eo f ar.tnp.o f.!;r o
i.l.n1o coutluud.r olt.i erny. j-t:!.r'e, l-!nIe l.ntrorrrptA r cdl
par'nclupaUlce.

E|<ffiEnFllirr[flrFr{pE6dt! FEll{ffiEffi&lgtril|i$ElEFffi
 * L/ /

lrruruirl _o"ioronbor I, ramura !onfru uupchll pberLgojicllan

nodial el. bcrisol, ti_'l- v111u1r,r1 prle i;lng 2. rarqu-rg pontrru nmgoblul
i:rin_
scr a-l- tlnpanulr,rl nnrt tr.ulicblul o l.ocenuIu!1 jo rarrurj o6Ie
pIl.n trr-
tormodl-ul rrorvrrl'rii. r,rlrrl.cu.Iot;omno::,al- eJung la glsnda
parctJ_d.&o

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Fig.,lijr furir"rel;lq stnpatlcd I

&urgelnpa{qd a tntn11
1u Ii,ragl ?. l{n"cafillsol t1n elmpatiol J" ganglLon oorvloc,_
toraolo (atoI.rt) g 4" Faqurl oonu.Aloantol -5I .ptexul oardirc"
Flrre ls el,mpat;!r:e ernt rnctoate p"tn-iGri-p",,otata, or!.-l
gltroa }or: e{} afl_d in nlldwq torailo[ ;t;;tfard (,lnr_ru.l.
Lline,p,rer -ry[
in g*ngllon.ur .orvlcotoraolo
pel-eeitnpatlcre *n;;ioi.-jpi'oi,li,
gl"n+a .Lolr j.n :r\.1
l:rd roate prrn rtntr'ouiot'"u"upte. 0rr.-
i..rulbo Elnapaer'tnlrGffooui-."rdtao
criirlo 9t n1o_
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tr'k. 'it)o Inerv,:f la aln;,qxf a{ gl parnai.npetlog

a ,lqr set lnu_Lul. oubllra r. oecnlEl g;l
o ol. onu-l-r:1 q sc end.enb
1o Noyags 2o Gangllcn ,:e1J-aci
{l-8 -E-ii:
- Eer,uri ooinuai.""tui i. H"epLanhxtci 4u +t
l

:.a:r-r] jor ep lnal !."

liun}.rul rltllolntlcr 'J
itlbref o sJ,urallcs stnt ind loeto-prla
C t'ltlnoa toi r In.
Llxlt pnnota.bo,
nAolv, t""ulf.U'; i_1;"b;rg ( Th<-L.)
ul, !o. Bensltonul ouillJ. Fttrrele paraol:rp{t
!p:rflndloate
s:Lnt pil:n ltnlJ. oufou"ur..,n!e ,aint tCo "
9I ouprful-
};tll liffi*rllif ; u*a;u;"i;-;;; iiii;.;,'t?r. rn 6ro.-
 L'. i'rrrr.r lrlrnllrtt;1,:,r I /t1,f irj U vry-rrlrrl

J'ior.'tJ. vug cr:.fIrr. r)rr rfrirr,/l

pa:',isLufihtlca, do f1b.o vo&rrbatlve
tf l ttu rrr,-1 1,.l.r.rt)rt in nr^rrrnjji:
I,-Lci
en,r;11p1,.;. prlmll i,.:uron1
ss !.uuercj.n
'lrr_1
t,. .{xonll f or. ( ,f lbr,:_1 .: prol;rn;;J ac,l:i]":;,r;;::,;iil]:,,f;strG_
lone-r:o) caro urm(3szd ti.Blectul
not-vu,lriI ql rrL r.e,murl-Lor.
.lu1 do gutr_llvl-z1uno oo
lrJnA or15an'ro .,pr'r-slr-rr.r-r1 rdspirrloac Ia
' ro3r.r':rator, (cu <lxcontlti
tl.'1ijar€r7, l0 ot.t{anoLc rlpa...{ltu_lul r:rucoe6el p1*
dig;olrt1_rr ;i I anoxole
(cri cxcopf la mucoBscl cav jtE accr ctula
i;lt bitca-l.o) r l.a farlngo g1
ma,- maro parto e rntostinLrlul la cea
groe. icsste flbre fac
13arr,r;,1. i orrll- dln v-ec alnopea
lndte t;ea o16onelor I,ospectlvo,
or,r.l ac osror.a, cu aI d ol L.a sBu ln lnteri_ 'n
neuron.
rtbraler ;";;_;;rioou"u
(s.xor:1 al neuronllor
da orClnul dol) ee t
c'rr.' r'o c avlraro snu -ur
parenchl *,,r
''
deri,:r-cle pr.oduc e r 1. brad:icar,,1io ;;";;.'Ti#j;';:i:i#;i,
g 2. Bcth,
ro. nrscuraro nebede dln i-orltorrur
f"rr-Lr1 roLlpLrct'or,1
t*b"r;; il::f;"Ji',:rr:;il_
.1. etlplrr_6166 ru."u;rui
sruoaulor dlgootlvo.
_3o perssJ.mpatlcul- pelvlen esu secrqt
(FsrB. pelvlne eyert€mstlB par.s€ryrnpethtcl)

Aoaetq 1ry1 rlr'o

nrorei sacr:ato 2,J g1- 4,/fr,
'rrLgJ-nes in mdduva eecratr, ,1ln nouieoB_
ra nlvelur uael coroano de oubobanld
cr:nu;r:Ls slt-uatd ps ver:.arr.t;uI
med.laf eL
cor:nulul anterlor. Eets
a'94 nurlltr: t'col-oend ln torsad.d,'.
,rnuclsui poJ-vlan,,.
Flbrr-[o pragangll0narer prooate LBnrsfl6 nau
rddrlcLnll_or vonbrerLo elo
dln goroaria amlntrtE eo aldrburd
ner.vlLor
crlnsbtlruirq epraniLnloiror porvronleaorc!l ffrIIfrfV lntrfu.<1 fn
trro) (:,6t'.: es tornrlnl tn ptux,r:. (ner:vli orectorl oau orrgon_
hlpo8aetrlc lnforlor. Ds alol
nJurrl5 )a lqangrLonlr- porlvrac€ra,-r
sau lntramurarl rrncle v.r faco
a:-nel)s6 0r ar dor-l-o.. nouroi:r'
Flbroro pr:atg,angrlonara so terrurntr
Jer t.*to \'1er;er:e-[e po]rrlc16
(vezloa *.rou"'r *qe
DO0br
t cl e) . u r orgBno genl_
orgBno

F-ail dorrc'r'u flrrre uaraol-npablocl

t1t,,r rtln
nor-rnrlrrJ_ .r\rglnot_i*
oarB lnbr:,j -in cono-
t'ln,eu o ,l.r:c).i-rcrlv ja
i,i,ln J.ntorrnod.ltrl Cdfuln BJUnq 1a po_
or6onole 6enltaJ"o oxt0rrro.
 -L8c-
pLKIti ltI l,ll VIir.;E'l'l llI {il Mix'fll fi.A Li PRI,ITR'IT,-BRlIJCI

6int lorma!lunl nlr'uo olurpatlooparaolmpatloo. nrye

d.r.Lpil ouE u-q prco lzat a;rterlor, f ledare ;rorl;lrv16 porlf or!od a
oerlor a1o eLal;emuLul nor'vos ollSqn()ve6etatlv-
C.outr cOtopont-rnto
al.mr2atlc?1 17I pera':lmpatlcd. - oste forrnatd dl-n ltbr€ norvoaB€ gt
gangllonlo !o reneroat f aptul oir 1o ploxurllo .norroaee ao vor
6ll ai ds obloel at ji.t f lbx'e norvoaso slnpailoe ,:11; :11 paraelmpat j-*
oitf Da aoooa ao.osi;e platurl silnt ooneldsrste oq ploxurl nlxto,
Il. geaeral,, r{inurllo oforente ele plexurj-Io:' ,slnt uql Bcu:t€ ssu
*^{c I t1'hr{
H qr-.{5 *
J- I report cu clistanl;a la cara eu nlgrat organel-a loe.,
peoi;lve ,'f a1- do c oioana vort obrel5. , ln ou;c su.L onto gone zo l.
X

aj
n oale co urfi,oaud. von
_1.
'i.eecrlot. .

. :. . : :
'-:" .' ' ''' I, Plexuri prorro::tebrale ' ) ^:.,i.
d,'lh, reg:lul.oa"'corvlcal[ rii.

- ,... ,:. ,i :... ,,1:;_r', ..'t_.,;,--rl.i:til,i: .;,1;,; '::r',.i.;,. ...':.' ll

ilapt, In ecoast5 ragiure co. ,toErc:ri.a r::e alngur plor
De
- flgq]*iqj'lr;Js:r (PIer.rs pb:t:!:.g,rre)u l,a.oo:istl:i.rirea ooeBirri-s
:au pblrro -rtcrri nlo.ronlte dl,r iiei
J ^,. '*,a.--t,- ,l -F-^
nutieel l" t-rnslo, de or1gi:rrr
;;...r,.n.-:.lni( r,1 lir: rorl.,t]- .;.,:;,,Ca)1 i)u
_\r!r\.e.,\\ ,g1-t; a.l-e, .lin l,,i;:_:. I
gl.uL;,:f &ri;igirril 'iL 7), i j,n nei:r"r:i- 1'.q9,

Ii- fl"ar"-ri I)ter,'tr,':iiohrl.l-e toracLc€

l''& :,c ssil nlv Ei- 6s GBsci'ia iloud- Firr:."ui::: I Pl's;!it.:-_

"
1ii..$,isg (J'i+xiLs r:ardiqqas)n 3r:ta un ple= reg;oUtti;!'r mlxt fon:rat
pr:Llr rumlJloet=,.-- r;i eae:ttoncEstae corvll-or cs:idJ-s,.:! =upo1Loro
r".ii1.+ctu +l lruf erJ-orr p::o"oatl;i Cln ceie t:s1 per,,rcnL d.o EecSii.+.
;i. -,i acr(i.iJcil ge ed.augii:ur--i::i. cin rto:',,:1 v'a,3" I{.rjcritgtoa I:..
o.iir'ti..+:'.,eooavui. p-ie;x trec lnapole arouJ-u! eoi,ti.c A! nuial o nlcI
f,r:riliia t:rsi.ntoor ac$etuia. ?i-rrx:ll cg a'ba:'s. aetre s'!t:!rat :ln pat:u-lc-
'i';!iili sprrd.lac 11e1Jlmi.;at neilsJL (1.a d:roslia) dg ao:rta sece,rdonu-5.1
rupo:'i"cr r1.s a;'sul aortlc I lnf rtilc,s'Ls a:tefe pu:LnonarA etf.&gE ;
l-ai;erel (r;i;in6;a) il.o ilgana;rh:.i, aruori&I.t'Io u!.od.fubea plen:^}.r1,
u$rll:iso pu llr.gil. f{Is,b€);a alrr;iqtloe'n! para{ilnpaUtce so aflfl yo
;ec6;itor: r gan€illouul oardles ,lWrletrorg) snu o elnplA aglonolax'e
de lre'.i-ronl,o Di.n asoet plex ao det'priud rarnr:-i'l'eforonts caro Bffl
d!,rtr:l-kii:i.,: Int aox'tli, vasalo {:ori)nBrc (ta Ju.",:-l-' cErora l?orrnc s:;d
pJ-.*xurI eoourularo), nlocardc ;2" Jll"g41!_!*]no.nsE (Plsrus pulilonra-.
il*l) ro,lrrlhE i.In nnnnbrmozai.ora u$or fj-Ioto alnpatlca d.ercprln-st,
 rr\i,l , r,;L.r,r1Jlr;,:lJ :, 1. )rrf ,rr._1.,,.,,.i.
rll ,1iA t_r, 111111.1 vil[.].ll)
rl1.i ,-1{;(Jilrr,(i L-l'rltt,.;lt hrrl,,i rlr.l r.l,r^rit:Jr
Lrt J.oc,ul. r_lrrrJr; s;,,,,
['.tt'rt; ;o:Jl;rj j Lr)rr r;i r{ l)t,L]rrhJ_lJ ol,, lri_
f r.r ,j,)lrl;.(,2{)rinf a {t,lrljLul
')l'"';t) rit.. 8|{iinrj}L'r"j g':11,'" ,, rOtrl )1{.r'1''',1',(r
r :]er tIrrirrr]l .r-unr []rcrc]_
r:rrirrj.Lo of(.,_Cr)rL1;a.t,Lo;rLlxrrlul
oo ri J. ltUr_lltirj.o 0lu(Jcr)latu_
)f r :,li r)r'i r:''jrrclr j'urrrr.u1 r)ul
lnorr,:rr'I V i.1r. J1';' .t,11
tr,1,rgr,31.

.i . J.,!l:t.LL-'.",qlltq (ple,xurr coollDcus) or.rrr ijoLar. Jtrrto

i.) .1-()ruol,luno fl0f[orts.l vego+;stlyfi
o,]€znti{ lnalnd-ea Borbgl, 1e n1_
vl lrrl (,srrrr.gorl!0le :irunchlutul coIlac ql
al artorol maieat€r1ce
: 'jr''-'r'j.())1r-i,n J-n rirr
rlo rntlrra, ptnd ra dlafraqm.{y in
i' irr/ jreq{1r lrr piir:!1)-e 1q.bora10 plnii 1a g1en,1elo Jos piui rn
BuI)rgronaf s. La
!',.,i irl'rt'{j{l itc{j;.r srr J_ p) {lr{ partjlC11,,I
far0u_rl of onb,, OOrrunlto dlnr
q.f
',",
,]t,ll::lurt.l.c,1-, .0ra/\rI r,/BG qt ner-v'I frenlc n ptoxul coltec pro--
l,;,,rrrf r*rui.il 11
i ,r"./r
" tr clucr 6i-lrigrtoer, pr:0cum ryl ramur-..r oforontg g?11_
lr1' r;i' il) Plo:{rr.1 .,'i11;gf;atIvo ultuate
ln JuruI raru111'l-Lor .r.lscorclo
,.r r lr(,1.1j,:1 a ixi()l0J
nEilde
r-i':r)rfil{.ulJ.
i'- '"r1r l--iurrurr.)
, ..
- cor c'.cr gar_r13r1.onr srnb r col cor_racr
r urrr.rl rnc,zi.jn-1;orlo ar_rporl0r g1 dol ,,ortlcoromr l.
I:"';'iJor:1'l r-:tir.:!rr':l (ciul;grra co,:llqcn)
Brnt sltrraIt d,e o purDo
'i 1 " 11 L;'ir:i'r i-rr.rrr.i-r j- cu-r.ilr,.r o :ir^ ;c6Junira <:olrr.lcd. (Lrracbka), rel
_rn
., i.,,1 rj J.:;,_.r:.,.j 1,.,r irrL(lL_?qjl btrt,-cl.l._r llirte:Ll
o
Gungl
:"'r,'ii)r (ij,,lr-'';,1 -1c,,)-l nr o?.rlrr.tor:1 crrrs irl_u)""i.,lol'o,Jrro l-cnul nrozont.orJ.c
1lj'l/uL'(i1. (r)rf'li"l'[[{]. Gr:itijl
ertuai rtn6,1 0m9rb
"t '' 1,;:'riLi- c()rhlcD.ir:rtn.lI (i;..rng}!r ,orSloo-
'1,.i,,i)o .4(,)irl,;l;l-rl tlint un,.)o1.1
t*rrrlo{.1 [, I c1a vrJIio_Lo rrtt]alor
il:li,rt.rr'_:f,t fororrlu rrle piLet:crilLrJ.
r:1
olnI roprczoutnto <lo
'''i 'r':i:r-r-r r)rIL'o 1-'1 j;,1 r-" Horvrl. elilanlmrol
timar,o, rnrc ql lnf or1r.,r)
' ti, ,';r' j r;1 re cr.irrrr-r,-l .'rorrr -torccr_t-r,
2. l,ieirvrt.r- fr:o1lo. J. Trunchiul
' " ' ';'i' i)0'ri;o,| 10n.
!', Lrrlrirorr.lU oL1 outl bj-fur.caroq traheor nu ao urel
i''ir',ri"'r 7'1)r'i)l dc un i..r,v vCIB t1::cpt qt altuI
oblng cJ. tr.0 un pJ.ex
r' r'1 1r.'i'of *;;1'tI) 1JrLJ.'l
. -[tl-1 {t()or]1,tt pitt.lter f to trulrolrlrrl vrr;;ar
(J lrosbo-
'r lir;ir;'r6r'lb d0 lrrir-'1t;oneul Luro'r omcritoJo. col.a+;olorolg tul
,rr ,! i 1,r;r'LL\ll' rloirrJirii.L.rir
trtrnolrltrlul oolloc In trol rlir.ec gllr sor_o
'"'r,'ir'] rrl r:rer]Jar uL rr,.rirr{l lc.,nu,lrrl ctrllac j1,*rptr
splro rr;rs;h1.rt1 E,-,.r. lol
rr i lrrtrtrJ 't i il (J111'lo tri;f n1g gi rir)ro
"rrif Ir,Lorilrr L,i(i::r)iltoric ,'r,rr,r)r1r]rr-
 \ \,.\

'o gur)l;-L lolt c crllrtr: prl"cnor)to l llrt bo

!
1J^
\-{r ..)r/r.q.'&,rrIu ,lr(l .1, U, 1llf. pJ.,Iil
col' urorl 1z-tI tl .La tr.lr:r<:lllr.rl- v,-rljrr-L nc-:rl;{)r'i"()c. .r1r;,,r.3 lo&r Lnrpr..t_ru_rrd
cu
gIlIrf;f l.r:rritl" ccl lac loupci ci;1-v lair {rcJ)r}(,.irtl a doud anBo crr}no:rcltf
o
,r\rir nurnolo clo "BnsB Iul H'r':"u);,rtr,.6" (IB Of oultta ) gl IBntlO
IUI
Loign,rl '- LrivrroL-lno (1" rt,i;ilio) o
Rar,r,u1-.le oforonUo, Inoofor.lc rcnrr-rJI.i vlucerale aIe
rrortol ahlotnltrQIo. -[n Jrr-r''rI .:rceuto'r'€l oIa ]lornaai:d p.lexu.rl vog+-
t;oLlvi) iJoc\rndnt€. lJln-hr0 ecostoB amlntlmt
r. .proxrr nrto.oi 6netrlco e'blngl - Inj;ritr fn conatl_
tu\,1a plex-rr11o:c etcnso:.rlul (pIex,ra gao brj.o {).,
,)_. p-LoxuI l:opa i;tc (pl.oxrs hepatlouer). l?eprozlntlJ. o
r:ont,lnuare o pi,axurr:i co1!ac f llnd oongt; j_tutt d.In f lbre prr:veni_
te d1n ner*vl1 vartl gl .f ronlc lnopro f lcat I uriJr€eztt tralactr.rl ar*
torol hooa'blc e.
)" Plenrl oplonlc co:nllno flbre c&i's lnobnJoard ar*-
iols cpi,:nlcd aJringlnd Ia eplln[.
].,
4" ?lu:t'.ri ronal (Fl-at,le rsnalj-s)* Eert,e I.n legdtrrrl. cu
iiiiir&11oiii-i- 'rr:r:1ol ql opale cB o ret0B ngrr'oasd. isqer;atd de-tl l.un*
.'ul u:.'tcrtl f'crlrl,-.r, Ccn!.:;9 .gI :flbre Va6;t;o.
J. --::i*:i'.r-1 (pl e;c.ru mereenit:rrous s*,-
'nezt'..i;o:i-o,mri:er1ol
grolior) " -{lt;o;:a \rtzsrti ollod auprJ::1 r_:g3,{ gl ranrr:.:!_icr ei j_ u-i.nt Lnso_
11Lo do ,J .'r'.ri;,ja f or:la'LI dr,r f i_Io-bo si_mlAt;lca p::ovorrlt;e rl:!l ple:tuL
r:olirrc ril flfsi;t i,arBsilnpr,;lce ln nerrir_l vaji,<1

i, Irio::ul cupr.a:.rna-r. ripioxus E;ulraioairlJ.e)i - osti] o

r o t(.i{r ito:i.v,_ros!1 co rrpued rna j- alss dln f !br.e preFsrrgl,Lone:€ cr.:ebl_
ir at e modulr:euprsrena)_o lo

7
" Pla>r:1. n,.rze::,terj-c lnfe::l:r (p]-,lrus ;rre€jon:{]rj.cug
i-nfeJlor,t" Iei;o c ccrll.tlnucr:e a illexulul aoittc ntr,j.cnllal- ,i.it-g
irllljuJ, sltgre j- nozsn,terlc6 j-nf erlrtare si n runu::1lor: galo o 11

.;u)clvlztrrne.
. 8; PIexu,' genltei (Fl.exue ovnlicu13 oj; t:seltlcr:iar:le)),
l"l rIcrla c'J eo ,ru,rp:i:d cl:. scesl; ;1.6:x lur:r+isc 1;r€1ccb,.', ar.-ber.:-.
l or 54onli;n1o r:e €netg dJ-n. acrbE e jringi.nr-i. $I. ss ci lert:'lbulu la oyB:r
:;I roci_ru.,:r-"lv tsstlcul .
9 " F'lo:rrrf acrtj.c ariC"onlna.I (!'lsxus aor.t;lc:us rllx.1r,:nlna-
i lrl) lncorrjoar:ti YcBUrL otlcr.j-n q j, ee lntJ-rde r1e )-a lririxr-r1 cellet:
 i

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I

"i

Ir

Flgn 5o," Flqxr.l oelJ.ao

.ln Tlunohlul vaga]. poeteri.c.rl 2. C'engllon ocllnol

;in Garlgllon uogentorlo sup6rlorl 4'r 0sn6l.ton eortlo+-
i^,',::a.i | 5. lt"ruezonter:!.oL aupanloar!.g 6g lhr-rnohl oe).laog
',' , H., rplanlinlo nnre!i
 - .L:J1l --
plru\ la b1i,,t.r'caloa rortol. llcl ao oon+"'lnud. og plrrut hlpo55re'
trlo rrarpslloi,.Prlno;to flblo ql ,1Ln lunlrrrrllo rlapa*;1oc lonbr-
.TA

10. -i)Iri;<u1 lntormoze!itorJ.o (PIo>:ua lntsrnos€ntorl-our)

rrrlo?io oe.L':r clc\tI pIo.r,'"rli. m€z,i]ntorloo, ruporl.or gl lnfollor.
Ar;a rJr,ir:.tnbnoLb rau.,lrlIo ofor',orrte ala ploxrrlul oo1.Lac
rr.j r:urg cd. i.t.ervrrl'ro vr.r gebntlv boato'vlsberoJ..s abdomlnalo aa tr)oaio
oeoelCo:'a foBr-uo lrr-,1 reptd;lld denumlraa .lu,l s"ugBetilvd da "cr ro.Ler
rrlxlo nlnal ".

f-/ . PI e xu:'1 pr 0.,'a rt e br a l-e p o Iv' !o ne

:l

in oevltstos plavlend. oxletd, rrEr plar da o naro l.ap,r:r:-

;un!,{, p1e::r.rl hlpoqeetrto lnfer!cr.' Il lre,rveezd'aproape L:r t:rt;o--
^r-ttato v J.o,rtlr.ojo .rfl-ate aj.oJ..
4.g:ir--!.1 peff!-lfle--Ugg.ricr
,- ri:
(Il. exue \p osaetrlcuts !-r-
::rirlor) iao ,gilaogts aq€rsi !).1 ';,);i;1)-c laislale al-e rsciuiul. Ig1;e .

() -i,.)rrna'';iu,:r.ti :rritvo aad cu €pai-€ c; o '!sedh:icd d"e f !bro oLnpet'; i':o

4.1 pr:r::Laij-.st;-l c::" alr'snt,:nc,',e';;" Lr:- coropcnou.ia I rt trt;,'ii. q! nr:no-'
:.'oi",t gorgliri:l vege-latlvi (Gar:g;i.J-a pslri,n"el). I,q .iens:-e rur.ul.
rl:i-irire frod,11 ui,,,;anglj.onj. o nal irirr.'-. gJ. e* ill.itr,ij{;te 6an61 lc,cu.l- I.i;"
Lc,;:*.ri'1-ii;iiro.:ililr.r.sor." Denunli'oa p.l o:r-r.rlui- p:r:v'!no ..ie .I a 1'aptuI o I
outc r;J,1;'irrr.1; :in c1,.ri;1.l] pslvlcu'irpclttonoal, 1a ba:e lennel-cr ea-
(.t:i.'r)ir:ci;gariiicpubi,elc, Ile p:'ozl.ltU. ca c Iettnd r.te fr-.-rnL d.:'epi;un-
;ynirri-n.r11 a'/i:d i-i.:, cmn J.un,gtno +l I cn, tnXliJ.no,
.,{lleronioJ-e sel.e elnt slnpeiJ.ce r;l pcrrasi.npatico, lf,i-
reiiielo slmpatl.cc coboa::5. C.j-:r ia'r:tlor,en 4!'yircv:.o l!n ianful. elrr-
Duulc iiitrs'/oitol:rlaI Ionibel;1 rJ.tir plexui- eci'tj,o abJ.ouilnalo ELrl
iie irrillnerso i:e sp3;iul cuprlns lnbie blf,rrcal6e eorto! ln coL*
,-li;al:. li1.e t13 cc)riotrr.l r l€ ia !a gnt;o;'i.;,srU. a \ret'tebral a V-e I0rnb:l:.'an
*n f elrri co{,.Bte Bo f oiilca.:b. o ;iail6ilcd plox1.lornd.,,' uol ta:,: uri
,rn-rinn lIt{{.
\)vrqL,u .iu\,,l.u *rrt{ioLrysItJBi, rienrruii'bL piexuJ. }::.pogaairio supa:l1Of
{I'lo>i':s hypogastrlcus c.rrp..:rj.or) {rr:r.r. l.lBr'!'u): grrrvsaorat (i{orvr:e
p.r'soaacrul.ls) lcoetB co"o.-.{rr& 'pe p:'ononlo:llu, i.noruolgeezL f at,;1
"
antai'loer{. B vonul ti-lacB e,:n\1D€ *q+iin8i glL'ear;o &oop0rlt cr€ p+.
rltonzul pBltlitei pcst0t'j.or g! do r[d5o1rur urr:rccolonulul g:Lgmo!.-
|Li.arr., ijrrns ln plevl.a? !e.lnie antorloBlt\ I8{lol:ulul, ple:o:1
hlpogect::lr: rarpoll,rr a o Lnparto iri dcuE :"8nurjL uualta nenr:ll !:l*
rlogB etnlo 1 dr'ept ryl ating (N,trypogsBtrlcutl dortcr ct alnls'bsr)
"
 lBr _

,4oegtla lnbrilt1.;trazd lle!a_l_o -Llitor.{rl.e rr-Le r.octulul, piL.'rrirC

ln
6r'oslnoa Lcuru.lr.,r'oacrrcrec]loetinltopLri,lene rll s€ ter.nln{ ln unghlu-
rlle pcstt,,rl-oilro ara pierrrlut irli,ogarrric lnferlor, !e llu6d
/)0rvll hlpo;;ar:trlcl rnal BOaoac afaronfe ulmpritlco gl rlln lahful
rlmprrtlo paravorbobral eacr lBt.
rferoritolo prirBerlmpailco ernt r'p.szentattr do norvll-
cplsr.frnlcl pe1.'r1enl (Nervl eplanchntcl pervtnr) eau nervll oroc_
torl uckiurdt (NorvL errlgr:rrtee) deeorlgt la paraalmpatlcul sB_,
cr'cb. .{cegtla,su vdzut cd co desprlnc dln radxclnlle ventrals
alo nervllor ancrall rr, irr, rv 9t pltrurul gl el ln proml hl-
po"aeb::J.o lnfo-:lor. Dln pl0x p()rn€BC numaroa60 ramur'l eferente
uricrrn,Jrtre cBro 3o lndreapta opr:o toabe'vlscorele pelvleno, od-
r'ord 1l e e dlel;rlbulo.

}'LE)(U]iI IJ' UEG E Ti TI V :E I}I1] FJUIIJi.AI,D 6 A U Pi ]1 I Ef .ALE

c.tnt; ropT ezuntato pr'rn f lbre norvo aE€ ryl agromerdrl
rrrrrr onelo ml(lro{rooplce, agezeter in pere}11 vlsoorolr,,r qt al va_
u,r1or eangulne. Dupd cum e.-s ar.dtat anterlor gr ln alciltulr.ea
cicoritor foruaflunl, ca gI lin cera a plor.urllor prevortebrale,
1.t'11 componontr provonlte atlt drn elmpatlo ctt gt d.tn paraelr
;rut1c.
In pere!1I tlau lin pe,ronchlmul- vlecorelor g5.sln astfel
do for-ara!lun1. Jn perol;ola tutn:lul d.J-gostlv sulld.lfragnatlc a€
lqdr;oec p1e:rrulle subeo::oe, nlenterlc .Auerbach gt Erbrnucos Molr:o-
]r D.l'' Adeuen,ea f c::na!lurrl vogetatlve co gdsoec ril tn coupon.on!a

niJ-ocardu1ul., lngnr:ate cl.o-a Iungul eleltemulul oxoltooond-uotorg ln

mloruotru 91. ln alte or€;ano ( perolll bronhlltor:, pgncrsas, flcet
stc). Aceetr etparat IrBri'oe lntraruural confor:d un oBrocBro grad.
11 B aut,cnoml.o vlecorelor: roopectlve.

Ler nll,aIuI vasel-or mlJIoci l 91 mlcl f tlotolo r.Bg'rta"-

tlvs slmputlc.opar:aalmpcrtlcs fortneazd doud, ploxurrl. llnul erjbe 6u-
po|f 1c1er, e1.t'Ja1; in advenl;1!lo. Flbrole lu j. vln prln lntornodlul
tronrll-or sointltlcl. r r{l iir:1}r:ra, aste profurxl g1 so gdaegl;o Intrs
i'clveriti !1o El funlce niuscul. al'|io Dln acoeba ee clospr,Ind num€roa s0
l1-r'iqr){tro csi'o Bt;rhbat muscrrlarB aJungind ptnE in aproploroa e:da-
NclluIul.
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t

IiV," ,I. Inor;rutla ulnpatlcd r,i1 por,aotrnpot;lsI a

;';;',11'.:1, ;sl1:;l'-,;1. a;il.li.-)_:,; ;.:,;j itL;.
l. H,l,cluva lrlrnnard tr ?. Flbn{ olmpai;1cd l-a Inteet-1nil
). Flbril elir,pnblcd 1a yo,Lloa u::lnarAl 4, tr4d.r1r.rva s&-
orltii; '). Ilbrd o1.nrpatl.cd lq org.[E€n1taIo1 6. Ganp;I1.orr
ro"r;,,or:torlo lnf srlc,r I 'r,. Irlbr.Ii pBrer:lmpatlcl aaorat;d,
con!lnutd ln rdddclnq vontrql[ oaoratdl B. p]ex oc,rtjio
alrdc.n.[nrL]- I 9, Ilbrd paraeinp,atlr:I eecratd 1 ]0. Ool.on
tlp4LroMIanl I I. lJox hlpogartrlo eruperlort J2. plerx.
duorat t U. Nn. otcctorl g 14. !1ex hlpo6astrlo ,lnf o"-
r:1or | \5" Vezlcal 15" Proetata I L7', Uretra; 18. pernle.
-f lt,r-els almpatlce - sinb lndLoste prln tlnll punotqtc.
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