CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

Introduction

Chapter three of the research study seeks to explain the constructs that are used to

measure the method that will be used in the research study, the variables and the process through

which the data will be collected and analyzed.

Measurement and methodology

The methodology that will be used in this research study will be qualitative as well as

quantitative to understand how the data interacts with the literature and how it informs the

research questions as well as research objectives. Similarly, this research will utilize for distinct

but interactive measurement procedures, that is, intention to continuance of use, the subjective

normalcy of the research study, perceived credibility of the study as well as perceived

integration. All the scale items will be measured in the Likert scale of five points anchored

between Strongly Disagree=5 and strongly agree=1

Intention to the continuance of Use refers to the willingness and the understanding that the

consumers use to continue to use a mobile payment platform (WeChat). The measurement of this

variable was derived from the study conducted by Zhu and Chang (2011).

Subjective Normalcy in business is the epistemological chain of distribution coupled with the

changing business ecosystem dynamism such as willingness to trade, change in the consumption

pattern due to change in income, taste, and preference or the government policy change

regarding the market forces, that is, price elasticity as well as taxation. Therefore, this research

will employ this measurement to understand the consumers’ perceptions of the attitude caused by

others regarding the mobile payment (WeChat) adapted from Chang and Zhu (2011) and
Pookulangara, Hawley and Xiao (2011). The construct will include five items in the

questionnaire that will be investigated separately and collectively to test the hypothesis of the

study.

Perceived Usefulness, on the other hand, refers to the degree to which consumers and traders

believe that a mobile payment platform can improve how the consumer's pattern changes and the

traders’ willingness to conduct the business. Measurement of this variable was adapted from the

scales of Amin, Rezaei, and Abolghasemi (2014), and it contains three distinct but interactive

research items.

Perceived Integration as stated in Yang, Wang, and Wei (2014) means that it is the degree to

which consumers and traders think that a mobile payment platform is well integrated with other

relevant payment platforms such as mobile banking, commercial banks as well as additional

third-party payment such as Alipay.

Questionnaire Design

The research was conducted online in the Chinese market. A questionnaire was

developed in English and later translated to Chinese to suit the needs of the participants. Since

the original survey was done written in English, a back-translation procedure was used to

guarantee validity of translation to the interest of the study and the needs of the researcher. First

the researcher performed a preliminary reading of the questionnaire and conducted initial data

collection to weigh whether the interest of the research objectives are met. Secondly, the

researcher sought another researcher to translate the Chinese version to English version, and

preliminary was done again, and the researcher compared the two outcomes and realized that the

output was similar. The similarity of the initial outputs resulted in the drafting of the

questionnaire.
 Before the actual data was collected, the questionnaire was deployed to professional for

self-control and marketing professions were consulted to examine the consistency and reliability

of the measurement items. In the final stage of the data collection, different participants such as

graduates, business professionals, traders and people working in the informal sector who had

prior or are users of the WeChat were recruited for the pilot test. After the questionnaire satisfied

the exact requirements it was then uploaded to a professional online survey site and offered

prizes for those providing data for the research. The researcher will, therefore, use screening to

investigate and understand the users and non-users of WeChat to ensure that the data collected

satisfied the need for the research.

Research design

In the research design, the researcher decides the materials to use, the exact items that

will be observed in the research and how each of the items will be observed. The research design

seeks to explain and justify what the data means and the exact information that is to be gathered

and interpreted (Easterby-Smith, 2012). Once the researcher collects the data, he will analyze to

investigate how the raw data interacts with the theoretical approach of the research study in the

question and whether the data meet the research objectives and answers the research questions.

In this research, the research will employ explorative as well as investigative research design.

The explorative research design was preferred because it ensures that the research is

allowed to researcher have a wide array of investigative questions such as the willingness to

continuity of use of WeChat as well as the influence of use. According to Saunders et al., (2011),

unlike explanatory research design where control experiment is employed, explorative research

design ensures that participants of the study have democratic internationalism without observing

their activities or controlling them. However, one of the impediments of this type of research
design is that it is coupled with irregularities because the interaction of participants may lead to

influence in the manner in which the research outcome is geared towards. However in this

research, control experiment will not be viable because as much as it ensures concrete

organization of the data it does not give the free will and free market in business research.

Population and Sample

This research seeks to collect data from all spheres of the business ecosystem, that is,

educated, formal, informal, corporates and business traders who use WeChat as a mode of

payment. The target group range from people from 25 years to more than 55 years with an in-

depth knowledge of mobile payment platforms and more so WeChat. The population of the study

was derived from the survey conducted by Toloie-Eshlaghy et al. (2011).

Sampling Technique

This research will employ simple random sampling to achieve the required data milestone

that will be used for the study. Although purposive sampling technique could have been the most

appropriate data collection technique, it will be selective and provide inconsistencies because

some of eligible participants will be left out of the study because purposive is particular data

collection technique.

Sample Size Determination

The following method will be used to determine the sample size (Pittenger, 2009).

Where:

Z is the Z value for the corresponding confidence level (i.e., 1.96 for 95% confidence);

d is the margin of error (i.e., 0.05 = ± 5%) and

p is the estimated value for the proportion of a sample that has the condition of interest

According to Toloie-Eshlaghy et al. (2011), the prevalence rate of usage of WeChat in the

Chinese market is 23%.

n=1.96^2(0.23)*(1-0.23)/ (0.0025)

n=860

Data Collection Procedure

Primary Data Sources

This research seeks to evaluate the understanding China consumer’s intentions toward the

continuity of using WeChat Payment in the first-tier-cities, that is, Shanghai, among other

selected cities. In this research the primary data will be considered and collected for

interpretation and answering the research questions. To achieve the research objective, the

measurement of the research questions will be conducted on Likert Scale category with five

points where five will represent strongly disagree will one will represent strongly agree as

adopted from Gomm et al., (2000). The procedure of the data collection of this research will be

an online web-based survey where the questionnaire will be uploaded, and participants will have

an opportunity to respond to the questions remotely from their area of work. This method was

selected to reduce the budget for the research as well as ensure that their utmost confidentiality

and privacy policy between the participants and the researcher. After the data is collected

statistical research tools and methods would be employed to allow the researcher to

independently conduct analysis, hypothesis testing and evaluate whether the research meets the

goals of the study. A structured method of analysis will be used to ensure that reliability and

validity of the research are achieved (Bradburn, 2014).

Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis Procedure

This research will employ both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. One

of the advantages of using both data analysis models is that it allows the researcher to participate

in the process of data collection, analysis and also enhances and provides an opportunity to

modify and clean the data in real-time before it produces inconsistency and inaccurate results.

However, although qualitative and quantitative data analysis technique enhances the output of

the measure, evaluate and generalize the findings it also leads to replication of the production

(Park, & Park, 2016).). In this research, although there is much software to run analysis of the

study, the research will focus and use Statistical Package in Social Sciences (SPSS) software to

run data. The choice for this software is because it offers a wide array of output analysis; it is

also essential when conducting hypothesis testing and transformation of data to have desired

output. The results will be interpreted from the component of SPSS including, ANOVA-test, t-

test, Correlation analysis, Regression analysis as well as demographic distribution analysis.

Data Reliability and Validity Test

The research will ensure that the results of the data collected are reliable with at least half

or 50% of the responses were consistent and dependable. Therefore, to achieve this milestone the

research will conduct a reliability test through Cronbach’s Alpha test with the researchers’

assumption that the data collected from the filed have equal variances of 1. The alpha test will

signify that the data is reliable by generation of an output of the same difference.

Ethical Considerations

To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher, as well as the participants, have

to ensure that they retain specific research ethical considerations (Bradburn, 2014).The first code

of ethics considered for the research purpose is: The data gained via study will be useful in
understanding the role that WeChat serve in the Chinese market and informing new business

policies and development. However commercial application of the collected data is strictly

avoided. No external influence or pressure was exerted on the participants to record their

responses. Strict measures were taken to assure the identities of the participants are kept

confidential, and no form of physical harassment is involved.

Critique of the Research Design

A research study is a scientific investigative approach in that there are some of the critical

and non- avoidable restrictions occur while completing the research study. These limitations are

natural, and some of them define the restricted abilities and scope of research.

Data reliability: The participants were not exposed to any form of external influence or pressure

for recording their response. The security of the collected data act as a limitation since the manager

could be biased about their company and may affect their response.

Time constraint: This research study will be affected with external influence because the data will

be collected on three different days meaning that since the sampling technique is simple random

sampling, the participants may be influenced by other already participants because the data will be

collected online.

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, LIMITATIONS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Introduction

This chapter presents the analysis of data and discussion of the research findings. The

section outlines the results based on the research questions, hypothesis and research objectives.
SPSS was used to generate the descriptive statistics and to establish the relation between the

dependent and the independent variables of the study. The findings are presented in tables, charts

as well as predicative linear equation.

Section A: Demographic Analysis

In this study, the researcher wanted to investigate the opinion of varied people who are

frequent as well as those what use WeChat payment platform less frequent. In the study, the

researcher subdivided his investigation in three sections, that is, demographic analysis (to

understand majority users of WeChat), Likert Scale analysis (to investigate the opinion) and

qualitative analysis to understand the future likelihood of the use of WeChat compared to other

platforms such as mobile payment, Alipay among others.

The study sample as stated in the table below was 860 respondents distributed across

different cities and states in China. According to the study all the respondents answered the

questions satisfactorily and none of the variables were missing as shown in the table below.

Statistics

What is your gender

Valid 860
N
Missing 0

The bar graphical representation below shows the gender of the respondents, it was

revealed that majority (57.4%) of the respondents were female while the male counterparts only
represented 42.65 of the study sample. This means that the research was gender biased, however,

the sample selection and data collection was done online meaning that the level of biasness was

as a result of timing and collective online interactionism of the respondents. This means that

more female are likely to be associated with online platforms than male counterparts.

The researcher wanted to investigate the age distribution of the respondents and

represented in form of a pie-chart as shown below. The analysis revealed that a large proportion

(43.4%) of the respondents are between 35-50 years, 38.4% of the respondents are aged between

26-35 years , 13.7% are aged between 20-25years while the least proportion of the respondents

(4.5%) are 50 years and above. This means that, majority of the user of WeChat are middle aged

people between 26-50 years. This distribution is characterized by the willingness to join the job

market and level of output of the middle aged people. In a market economy, middle aged people

have the highest output in terms of production, distribution and consumption and this can explain

the level of usage of WeChat by the people within that age bracket.
 The researcher wanted to investigate the cities or states that the respondents use WeChat

from, the analysis was represented in form of a bar graph as shown below. For the analysis, it

was revealed that majority (69.30%) of the respondents stated that they come from other states,

however, they did not specify the specific states where they come from because the data was

collected online. In that regard therefore, the researcher sort to understand among the stated

cities, that is, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong and Shenzhen which one represented the highest

usage of WeChat. From the study, it was revealed that, 10.70% of the respondents stated that

they use WeChat or are residents of Shanghai. This means a large number of the users of

WeChat are people who are residents or work in urban areas as compared to rural areas. This

characteristic was later investigated in the regression analysis and revealed that, efficiency,

convenience, reliability and timely response of the transaction in the urban areas is what

influenced majority of the user in urban areas to prefer the use of WeChat as compared to other

platforms.
Section B: Likert Scale Analysis

The researcher wanted to investigate the level through which the respondents agreed or

disagreed in the research questions asked. In the Likert scale he labelled 1 as strongly Agreed, 2-

Agreed, 3-Neutral, 4-Disagree and 5-Strongly Disagree. From the study, the researcher revealed

that collectively the respondents’ responses inclined towards agreeing to all the research

questions. For instance, more than 80% of the respondents stated that they agreed that WeChat

pay is safe and convenient to use, better than I expected (WeChat pay is safe and convenient,

better than I expected). Similarly, 82.15 of the respondents agreed that WeChat Pay is more

efficient than I expected (WeChat Pay is efficient than I expected). This means that the
researcher revealed that collectively all the majority of the respondents, more than 805 of them in

every question stated that they agreed to the opinion that was asked in the research question.

Strongly Agree Neutral Disagr Strongly

Agree (n/%) (n/%) ee Disagree

(n/%) (n/%) (n/%)

WeChat pay is safe and convenient to use, 356(41.4%) 354(41. 123(14.3 17(2% 10(1.2%

better than I expected (WeChat pay is safe 2%) %) ) )

and convenient, better than I expected)

WeChat Pay is more efficient than I 341(39.7%) 365(42. 129(15 16(1.9 9(1%)

expected (WeChat Pay is efficient than I 4%) %) %)

expected)

Overall, my expectations for WeChat 229(34.8%) 401(46. 137(15.9 16(1.9 7(0.8%)

payment are met in use (Overall, my 6%) %) %)

expectation of WeChat Payment is

satisfied)

Compared to other payment methods 346(40.2%) 378(44. 110(12.8 20(2.3 6(0.7%)

(such as cash, credit cards ..), I think the 0%) %) %)

micro-channel pay more convenient

(OTHER Payment Methods Compared to,

for Example, at Credit Card and Cash,

the I of Think WeChat the Pay More of

Convenient IS

Compared to other mobile payment (such 229(26.6%) 322(37. 196(22.8 102(11 11(1.3%

as Alipay, QQ Wallet, apple pay ..) , I 4%) %) .3%) )

think the micro-channel pay more

convenient (Compared with other mobile

payments, for example, Alipay, QQ

Wallet, apple pay, I think WeChat Pay is

more Convenient

Compared to other payment methods 318(37.0%) 377(43. 136(15.8 23(2.7 6(0.7%)

(such as cash, credit card), using the 8%) %) %)

micro-channel payment method to quickly

complete the transaction, saving time.

(Compared with other payment methods,

for example, cash and credit card, using

WeChat Pay to complete t

Using WeChat Pay is a useful payment 313(36.5) 383(44. 134(15.6 26(3.0 4(0.5%)

method for my life 5%) %) %)

Learning how to use WeChat payment is 369(42.9%) 380(44. 94(10.9 11(1.3 6(0.7%)

easy for me (It is easy to learn how to use 2%) %) %)

WeChat Pay.)
The process of using WeChat payment 346(40.2%) 411(47. 88(10.2 11(1.3 4(0.5%)

method is very simple (The processes of 8%) %) %)

using WeChat pay are easy.

High network coverage, good quality, easy 341(39.7%) 365(42. 129(15 16(1.9 9(1%)

to use micro-channel pay (It IS the when 4%) %) %)

of Convenient to use WeChat the Pay at

The IS Excellent Reception.)

Overall, WeChat Pay is easy to use 229(34.8%) 401(46. 137(15.9 16(1.9 7(0.8%)

(Overall, WeChat Pay is easy to use.) 6%) %) %)

WeChat payment application platform 346(40.2%) 378(44. 110(12.8 20(2.3 6(0.7%)

introduces many interesting functions on 0%) %) %)

the Wechat pay platform which can

satisfy my curiosity.

It is interesting to interact with WeChat 229(26.6%) 322(37. 196(22.8 102(11 11(1.3%

payment (It is interesting to have some 4%) %) .3%) )

communications and interactions on

WeChat Pay.)

It is interesting that i can participate in 318(37.0%) 377(43. 136(15.8 23(2.7 6(0.7%)

different kind of business platforms (both 8%) %) %)

online and physical stores) that offer

discounts by using WeChat payment to

participate in various platform business

offers (network or physical storefront).

On the We

I think it is wise to use Wechat Pay is a 313(36.5) 383(44. 134(15.6 26(3.0 4(0.5%)

wise decision. 5%) %) %)

I think using WeChat Pay meets my needs

Overall, using WeChat payment makes 346(40.2%) 411(47. 88(10.2 11(1.3 4(0.5%)

me feel relaxed and happy (Overall, I 8%) %) %)

think using WeChat Pay makes me feel

relaxed and happy.)

When I was paying, my first thought was 341(39.7%) 365(42. 129(15 16(1.9 9(1%)

WeChat Pay when I have to pay for the 4%) %) %)

bill.

Using WeChat payment method has 229(34.8%) 401(46. 137(15.9 16(1.9 7(0.8%)

become my habit (Using WeChat Pay has 6%) %) %)

become my habit.)

It is natural for me to use WeChat Pay.) 346(40.2%) 378(44. 110(12.8 20(2.3 6(0.7%)

0%) %) %)

I feel dissociated from society if everyone 229(26.6%) 322(37. 196(22.8 102(11 11(1.3%

around me is using WeChat Pay? But I 4%) %) .3%) )

don' t.)

When I first started using WeChat Pay? 318(37.0%) 377(43. 136(15.8 23(2.7 6(0.7%)

The person who recommended me was my 8%) %) %)

 significant other (such as family? lovers or

friends).

When merchants carry out different kind 250(29.1%) 373(43. 177(20.6 48(5.8 12(1.4%

of promotions on the WeChat Payment 4%) %) %) )

platform? I will be attracted and start

using WeChat Pay.)

I am willing to continue using WeChat 285(33.1%) 399(46. 149(17.3 20(2.3 7(0.8%)

Pay in the future.) 4%) %) %)

In the future? I intend to increase the 236(27.4%) 341(39. 228(26.5 45(5.2 10(1.2%

frequency of using WeChat pay.) 7%) %) %) )

In the future? I am willing to use WeChat 223(25.9%) 347(40. 220(25.6 58(6.7 12(1.4%

Pay? Even if there are other payment 3%) %) %) )

methods available.)

I would like to recommend WeChat Pay to 241(28%) 374(43. 205(23.8 30(3.5 10(1.2%

others.) 5%) %) %) )

Cronbach’s Alpha Test

In this research, 860 respondents were issues with questionnaires, from the survey it was

revealed that all the questions asked and investigated were satisfactorily answered and the

research received the all the responses. Although it statistically inefficient and assumed that the

respondents were influenced, the research shows that the reliability of the response rate

significant with a statistical significance of more than half of the respondents, in this case 100%

reliable.
 Case Processing Summary

N %

Valid 860 100.0

Cases Excludeda 0 .0

Total 860 100.0

a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.

The analysis showed that the response rate of the respondents in the Likert scale was

consistent with 98.2% of the responses being compatible.

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's N of

Alpha Items

.982 27

Section C: Qualitative Analysis

Correlation Analysis

The correlation table below shows that there is a very high correlation among all factors

of that have influenced the use of WeChat in the Chinese Market. That is there are 0.738

correlations between Compared to other payment methods (such as cash, credit card), using the

micro-channel payment method to quickly complete the transaction, saving time and Compared

to other payment methods (such as cash, credit cards ..), I think the micro-channel pay more

convenient (OTHER Payment Methods Compared to, for Example, at Credit Card and Cash, the
I of Think WeChat the Pay More of Convenient IS Although all other relationships are

statistically significant, i.e., a positive relationship among the factors that are described in this

research, they are not sufficient to dictate the direction in which the management should take

because they do not show a strong correlation between the variables

Correlations
Compared Compared Compared Using Learning The

to other to other to other WeChat how to process

payment mobile payment Pay is a use of using

methods payment methods useful WeChat WeChat

(such as (such as (such as payment payment payment

cash, credit Alipay, QQ cash, credit method is easy method

cards ..), I Wallet, card), for my for me is very

think the apple pay using the life (It is simple

micro- ..) , I think micro- easy to (The

channel the micro- channel learn processes

pay more channel payment how to of using

convenient pay more method to use WeChat

(OTHER convenient quickly WeChat pay are

Payment (Compared complete Pay.) easy.)

Methods with other the

Compared mobile transaction,

to, for payments, saving

Example, for time.

at Credit example, (Compared

Card and Alipay, QQ with other

Cash, the I Wallet, payment

of Think apple pay, methods,

WeChat I think for

 the Pay WeChat example,

More of Pay is cash and

Convenient more credit card,

IS Convenient using

WeChat

Pay to

complete t

Compared Pearson
1 .575** .738** .733** .691** .720**
to other Correlation

payment Sig. (2-

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000
methods tailed)
(such as

cash, credit

cards ..), I

think the

micro-

channel

pay more

convenient

(OTHER

Payment

Methods

Compared N 860 860 860 860 860 860

to, for

Example,

at Credit

Card and

Cash, the I

of Think

WeChat

the Pay

More of

Convenient

IS
Compared Pearson
.575** 1 .649** .612** .486** .525**
to other Correlation

mobile Sig. (2-

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000
payment tailed)
(such as

Alipay, QQ

Wallet,

apple pay

..) , I think

the micro-

channel

pay more

convenient

(Compared

with other

mobile N 860 860 860 860 860 860

payments,

for

example,

Alipay, QQ

Wallet,

apple pay, I

think

WeChat

Pay is

more

Convenient
Compared Pearson
.738** .649** 1 .812** .727** .728**
to other Correlation

payment Sig. (2-

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000
methods tailed)
(such as

cash, credit

card),

using the

micro-

channel

payment

method to

quickly

complete

the

transaction, N 860 860 860 860 860 860

saving

time.

(Compared

with other

payment

methods,

for

example,

cash and

credit card,

using
WeChat

Pay to

complete t

Using Pearson
.733** .612** .812** 1 .770** .764**
WeChat Correlation

Pay is a Sig. (2-

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000
useful tailed)

payment

method for N 860 860 860 860 860 860

my life

Learning Pearson
.691** .486** .727** .770** 1 .832**
how to use Correlation

WeChat Sig. (2-

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000
payment is tailed)

easy for me

(It is easy

to learn
N 860 860 860 860 860 860
how to use

WeChat

Pay.)

The Pearson
.720** .525** .728** .764** .832** 1
process of Correlation
using Sig. (2-
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000
WeChat tailed)

payment

method is

very simple

(The

processes N 860 860 860 860 860 860

of using

WeChat

pay are

easy.)

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Regressions Analysis

The table below presents the model summary of the regression analysis. It indicates that

the adjusted R-square is 0.521 that is 52.1%. This means that the explanatory variables explain

52.1% of the variation of the dependent variable leaving less than half (47.9%) of the variations

of dependent variable to be explained by the error term or the stochastic term. Therefore, since

the model has captured more than half of the factors that explain the dependent variable, it means

that it is a significant and satisfactory predictor model.

 Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate

1 .724a .524 .521 .650

a. Predictors: (Constant), WeChat pay is safe and convenient to use, WeChat Pay is more

efficient. Meets Expectations. Better than other payment platforms. I think the micro-channel

pay more reliable (Compared with other mobile payments, for example, Alipay, QQ Wallet,

apple pay, I think WeChat Pay is more Reliable. quickly complete the transaction, saving time

as compared to other platforms of payment

The table below presents the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It gives the sum of squares

and the test the overall significance of the regression model (f-test). The table below indicates

that the relationship predicted under the regression model is statistically significant at p≤0.001

(sig, 0.000), i.e. the linear relationship between Willingness to use WeChat in the future and all

other independent variables are statistically significant.

ANOVAa

Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Regression 396.870 6 66.145 156.590 .000b

1 Residual 360.315 853 .422

Total 757.185 859

a. Dependent Variable: Willingness to use WeChat in the Future?

WeChat pay is safe and convenient to use, WeChat Pay is more efficient. Meets Expectations.

Better than other payment platforms. I think the micro-channel pay more reliable (Compared

with other mobile payments, for example, Alipay, QQ Wallet, apple pay, I think WeChat Pay is

more Reliable. quickly complete the transaction, saving time as compared to other platforms of

payment

The table above presents the regression coefficients of each predictor (also independent)

variable in the model. The t column tests the significance of individual predictor in the model,

i.e., the regression null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the predictor

and the dependent variable. In the model, the linear regression is fitted as follows:

Model Specification

Y (52.1%) =0.437+ 0.033X1 +0.090X2+0.220X3-0.006X4+0.415X5+0.099 X6

Where;

Y= Willingness to use WeChat in the Future

X1 = WeChat pay is safe and convenient to use

X2 = WeChat Pay is more efficient.

X3= Meets Expectations

X4= Better than other payment platforms.

X5= I think the micro-channel pay more reliable (Compared with other mobile payments, for

example, Alipay, QQ Wallet, apple pay, I think WeChat Pay is more Reliable

X6= quickly complete the transaction, saving time as compared to other platforms of payment

From the above Regression model, it is revealed that when no independent or predicator

models are involved, the willingness to join and use WeChat is at 0.437, meaning that the level
of usage of the platforms is relatively insufficient at that level. Consequently, one percent

increase in the level of willingness to use WeChat will be caused by 0.033 pf convenience of use,

0.090 efficient, 0.220 level of meeting the clients’ expectations, -0.006 factors of being better

than other platforms, 0.415 of WeChat to be more reliable and 0.099 level of quick transactions

as compared by other platforms.

Coefficientsa

Model Unstandardized Standardized t Sig.

Coefficients Coefficients

B Std. Error Beta

(Constant) .437 .062 6.995 .000

WeChat pay is safe and convenient to use, .033 .049 .029 .667 .505

WeChat Pay is more efficient .090 .058 .079 1.563 .118

Meets Expectations .220 .055 .187 3.976 .000

Better than other payment platforms -.006 .049 -.005 -.126 .900
1
I think the micro-channel pay more

reliable (Compared with other mobile

payments, for example, Alipay, QQ .415 .030 .448 13.714 .000

Wallet, apple pay, I think WeChat Pay is

more Reliable
 quickly complete the transaction, saving

time as compared to other platforms of .099 .045 .087 2.212 .027

payment

a. Dependent Variable: Willingness to use WeChat in tne Future?

Section D: Hypotheses Testing

This section serves as the backbone of the research study. It seeks to investigate the

theoretical claims of the research (null hypothesis) with the scientific investigation of the results

of the data from the field. In this section the researcher transforms the data through secondary

coding to out together the responses of the participants in the manner in which the researcher will

use to investigate the hypothesis that is approval of failure to approve the null hypothesis. For

instance, in this study, the researcher had five different claims and theoretical beliefs as to why

the people of China use WeChat as compared to other mobile payment platforms. Therefore, in

order to understand, acknowledge and strengthen these beliefs he developed five different

hypotheses that would aid his research investigation. This section therefore helps the researcher

in investigating the hypotheses that he had developed in the course of his study.

Hypothesis 1: Confirmation

The researcher wanted to confirm whether perceived usefulness, ease to use and perceived

entertainment have a positive impact on the general use of WeChat Platform. Therefore, the

researcher created a hypothesis to test the claim.

H0-Confirmation significantly does not have a positive impact on the perceived usefulness, ease

to use and perceived entertainment of WeChat.

H1- Confirmation significantly has a positive impact in the perceived usefulness, ease of use and

perceived entertainment of WeChat.

The results of his investigation were put down in form of a table as shown in the tables below.

The results output show that there were 860 observations (N), the mean of the confirmation was

11.39 and the standard deviation of the number of observations as 4.364. The stands error of the

mean (Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means) is 0.149, that is, (4.364/square

root of 860=0.149)

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Confirmation 860 11.39 4.364 .149

This table shows the value of the statistical test of the hypothesis.

The second column of the output shows the t-test value: (11.39-1)/ (4.364/ square root of 860)

=76.553. The third column shows the t-test has 859 degree of freedom (sample size-1, 860-1).

The forth column shows the two-tailed significance, that is p=0.001. Therefore, since the study is

a one sample test with two tailed significance, the researcher observed the critical value of t with

859 degree of freedom and 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence level) and the value of the

table was 0.05.

In order to determine whether to approve or fail to approve the null hypothesis, the decision rule

is if the two-tailed critical value of t is less than the observed value of t from the table and the

means of the vales are in the correct order then the research can fail to accept or reject the null

hypothesis.
In this research, the critical value of t from the statistical table is 0.005 and the observed value

from the research data is 0.001, therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis H0, meaning that

there is enough evidence to conclude that the confirmation of the usage of WeChat is greater

than 1.

A t test failed to reveal a statistical reliability difference between the mean of confirmation and

positive impact in the perceived usefulness, ease of use and perceived entertainment of WeChat

(M=11.392)and 1 t(859)=0.001 p<0.05 at 5% level of significance or 95% confidence level.

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 1

t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the

tailed) Difference Difference

Lower Upper

Confirmation 76.553 859 .000 11.392 11.10 11.68

Hypothesis 2: Satisfaction

Similarly, the researcher wanted to investigate the users’ satisfaction and how WeChat serves

them in general. Therefore, the researcher devised questions that would state the perception and

satisfaction of the clients since they started using the platform. On the analysis, the researcher

combined all the variables that investigated the belief and perception through the transformation

of the data using the SPSS. The researcher developed both null and alternative hypotheses to

investigate the claims.

H0- Confirmation significantly does not have a positive impact on mobile payments users’

satisfaction

H1- Confirmation significantly has a positive impact on mobile payments users’ satisfaction.

The results of the researcher’s investigation were tabulated and discussed as shown in the table

below.

The results output show that there were 860 observations (N), the mean of the perceived

performance was 8.88 and the standard deviation of the number of observations as 3.500. The

stands error of the mean (Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means) is 0.119, that

is, (3.184/square root of 860=0.109)

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Satisfaction 860 8.88 3.500 .119

This table shows the value of the statistical test of the hypothesis.

The second column of the output shows the t-test value: (8.88-1)/ (3.500/ square root of 860) =

74.417. The third column shows the t-test has 859 degree of freedom (sample size-1, 860-1). The

forth column shows the two-tailed significance, that is p=0.001. Therefore, since the study is a

one sample test with two tailed significance, the researcher observed the critical value of t with

859 degree of freedom and 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence level) and the value of the

table was 0.005.

In order to determine whether to approve or fail to approve the null hypothesis, the decision rule

is if the two-tailed critical value of t is less than the observed value of t from the table and the
means of the vales are in the correct order then the research can fail to accept or reject the null

hypothesis.

In this research, the critical value of t from the statistical table is 0.005 and the observed value

from the research data is 0.001, therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis H0, meaning that

there is enough evidence to conclude that the perceived performance of the usage of WeChat is

greater than 1.

A t test failed to reveal a statistical reliability difference between the mean of confirmation and a

positive impact on mobile payments users’ satisfaction.

(M=8. 883) and 1 t(859)=0.001 p<0.05 at 5% level of significance or 95% confidence level.

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 1

t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the

tailed) Difference Difference

Lower Upper

Satisfaction 74.417 859 .000 8.883 8.65 9.12

Hypothesis 3: Perceived Performance

Consequently, the researcher felt that performance and continuance of use is highly influenced

by the perception that the users laid on the mobile payment platform. Therefore, he wanted to

investigate this claim using hypothesis testing. He developed a null and alternative hypotheses to

investigate this claim.

H0- Perceived usefulness, ease to use and perceived entertainment significantly does not have a

positive impact on the continuance of usage intention of the platforms.

H1- Perceived usefulness, ease to use and perceived entertainment significantly have a positive

impact on the continuance of usage intention of the platforms.

The results of his findings were put in form of a table below and its output discussed.

The results output show that there were 860 observations (N), the mean of the perceived

performance was 8.01 and the standard deviation of the number of observations as 3.184. The

stands error of the mean (Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means) is 0.109, that

is, (3.184/square root of 860=0.109)

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

What is the perceived performance? 860 8.01 3.184 .109

This table shows the value of the statistical test of the hypothesis.

The second column of the output shows the t-test value: (8.01-1)/ (3.184/ square root of 860)

=73.786. The third column shows the t-test has 859 degree of freedom (sample size-1, 860-1).

The forth column shows the two-tailed significance, that is p=0.001. Therefore, since the study is

a one sample test with two tailed significance, the researcher observed the critical value of t with

859 degree of freedom and 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence level) and the value of the

table was 0.005.

In order to determine whether to approve or fail to approve the null hypothesis, the decision rule

is if the two-tailed critical value of t is less than the observed value of t from the table and the

means of the vales are in the correct order then the research can fail to accept or reject the null

hypothesis.
In this research, the critical value of t from the statistical table is 0.005 and the observed value

from the research data is 0.001, therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis H0, meaning that

there is enough evidence to conclude that the perceived performance of the usage of WeChat is

greater than 1.

A t test failed to reveal a statistical reliability difference between the mean of confirmation and

positive impact in the perceived usefulness, ease of use and perceived entertainment of WeChat

(M=8. 01)and 1 t(859)=0.001 p<0.05 at 5% level of significance or 95% confidence level.

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 1

t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval of

tailed) Difference the Difference

Lower Upper

What is the perceived

73.786 859 .000 8.010 7.80 8.22
performance?

Hypothesis 4: Continuance Intention

The researcher felt that the continuum of use have been influenced by the users’ satisfaction.

Although this was just a hypothetical claim, he stated it as a research hypothesis. Therefore, to

disapprove or approve this claim, the researcher developed both null and alternative hypotheses

to try and investigate this assumption.

H0- Users’ satisfaction significantly does not have a positive impact on the continuance usage

intention.
H1- Users’ satisfaction significantly has a positive impact on the continuance usage intention

The results and discussion of his findings are highlighted in the table below.

The results output show that there were 860 observations (N), the mean of the perceived

performance was 16.20 and the standard deviation of the number of observations as 6.217. The

standard error of the mean (Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means) is 0.212,

that is, (6.217/square root of 860=0.212)

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

What is your continues of use intention? 860 16.20 6.217 .212

This table shows the value of the statistical test of the hypothesis.

The second column of the output shows the t-test value: (16.20-1)/ (6.217/ square root of 860)

=76.425. The third column shows the t-test has 859 degree of freedom (sample size-1, 860-1).

The forth column shows the two-tailed significance, that is p=0.001. Therefore, since the study is

a one sample test with two tailed significance, the researcher observed the critical value of t with

859 degree of freedom and 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence level) and the value of the

table was 0.005.

In order to determine whether to approve or fail to approve the null hypothesis, the decision rule

is if the two-tailed critical value of t is less than the observed value of t from the table and the

means of the vales are in the correct order then the research can fail to accept or reject the null

hypothesis.
In this research, the critical value of t from the statistical table is 0.005 and the observed value

from the research data is 0.001, therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis H0, meaning that

there is enough evidence to conclude that the perceived performance of the usage of WeChat is

greater than 1.

A t test failed to reveal a statistical reliability difference between the mean of continuance

intentions and Users’ satisfaction of WeChat (M=16.201) and 1 t (859) =0.001 p<0.05 at 5%

level of significance or 95% confidence level.

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 1

t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval of

tailed) Difference the Difference

Lower Upper

What is your continues

76.425 859 .000 16.201 15.79 16.62
of use intention?

Hypothesis 5: Contributing Factors

H5a: Habit has a positive impact on continuance usage intention

H5b: Subjective norm has a positive impact on continuance usage intention

In any business research, habits and subjective normalcy such as change in the prices and market

consumption pattern have a huge influence in the manner in use the consumers have and take

different usage in commodities. Therefore, the researcher recognized that the two variables

working together can influence the continuum of usage intention of the WeChat and other mobile
payment platforms. In order to approve or disapprove this claim, the researcher developed a null

hypothesis that will aid the research in investigating the belief.

H0-Business habits and subjective norm significantly do not have a positive impact on the

continuance usage intention of the platforms

H1- Business habits and subjective norm significantly have a positive impact on the continuance

usage intention of the platforms

The results of the researcher’s findings are highlighted and discussed in the table below.

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

What are the contributing factors? 860 2.08 .919 .031

This table shows the value of the statistical test of the hypothesis.

The second column of the output shows the t-test value: (2.08-1)/ (0.919 square root of 860)

=66.471. The third column shows the t-test has 859 degree of freedom (sample size-1, 860-1).

The forth column shows the two-tailed significance, that is p=0.001. Therefore, since the study is

a one sample test with two tailed significance, the researcher observed the critical value of t with

859 degree of freedom and 0.05 level of significance (95% confidence level) and the value of the

table was 0.005.

In order to determine whether to approve or fail to approve the null hypothesis, the decision rule

is if the two-tailed critical value of t is less than the observed value of t from the table and the

means of the vales are in the correct order then the research can fail to accept or reject the null

hypothesis.
In this research, the critical value of t from the statistical table is 0.005 and the observed value

from the research data is 0.001, therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis H0, meaning that

there is enough evidence to conclude that the perceived performance of the usage of WeChat is

greater than 1.

A t test failed to reveal a statistical reliability difference between the mean of contributing factors

and Business habits and subjective norm of WeChat (M=2.083) and 1 t(859)=0.001 p<0.05 at

5% level of significance or 95% confidence level.

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 1

t df Sig. (2- Mean 95% Confidence Interval of

tailed) Difference the Difference

Lower Upper

What are the

66.471 859 .000 2.083 2.02 2.14
contributing factors?

Conclusion of Hypotheses Testing

From the above investigation, the researcher revealed that, although much of the claims that

were theoretically raised are sufficiently satisfactory to cause a trajectory shift in the manner in

which business market operate in terms of consumption pattern, continuum of usage of business

modeling and services, there was no enough statistical evidence to prove that the users’

satisfaction, usage, and continuance of use was influenced by the stated hypotheses. Therefore,
in order to have a better statistical approach to approve or disapprove these claims, the researcher

should increase the sample size and reduce the problem of multicollinearity by merging some of

the research questions that had similarities in the data collected. The problem of auto-correlation

may have caused the inconsistencies that have been witnessed in the hypothesis testing.

CHAPTER FIVE

Introduction

Chapter five of the research study serves as an inferring chapter in that it provides the best tools

that a researcher should recommend to enhance the study and policy development of the topic

that is under investigation. The section tries to provide answers to the research questions and

weigh whether the research achieved its objectives based on the field analysis report. Finally it

provides the best implementation strategies, the underlying the limitations that the research

encountered as well as the conclusions of the research leaving the work open for further

investigations.

Recommendation

This research has developed various ways through which WeChat can be improved based on the

hypothesis that were tested, the results of the findings and literature review.

The literature review states that, Pham and Ho (2015) examined the influencing factors of the

willingness of using NFC mobile payment in Taiwan basing on the Diffusion of Innovations

Theory (DOI). The study shows that products' perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness,

system compatibility, perceived risk, perceived cost, and trial ability are the main influencing

factors. However, in the hypothesis testing it was revealed that there were no significant as well

as adequate supportive to show that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and the

collaborative system of the WeChat influenced the manner in which the people of China used the
platform. Therefore, this research provides three recommendation in order to investigate

critically the impact of WeChat especially on the economy of China and the influenced usage.

1) This research recommends that in order to understand the impact of WeChat and the

manner in which people or traders are willing to trade or transact business operations

with the platform, the research should focus on the impact that the payment platform has

on the economy of China, that is, the revenue that is generated through the platforms as

well as the money that is transacted in one financial year (FY).

2) Similarly, the researcher found out that many of the users of WeChat have been

influenced by family members, close friends and relatives meaning that the payment

platform has no direct impact on business. Ordinarily, if the platform has a positive

impact on businesses such as ease of payment, less charges as compared to other money

institutions, many business will develop a natural normalcy of adoption of the platform.

However, in the WeChat case people are recommended by others. Therefore, this

research recommends that the payment platform should revise it policy guidelines to

ensure that the businesses are able to adapt to its usage natural, either by lowering the

transaction fee or ensuring that terms of usage are achieved by all traders

indiscriminately.

3) The research also revealed that the WeChat does not have an adequate flow of money

outside Chinese market. In order to understand the supportive to show that perceived ease

of use, perceived usefulness and the collaborative system the research recommend that

the scope of study should be expanded not only to the larger Chinese market but also

continentally or globally. This scope will give an insight to adaptability of the mobile
 payment platform across the globe, with comparative investigation of other mobile

banking systems across the world.

Limitation

This research was faced with one major limitation. The research data was collected in three

different days across the research scope, that is, the cities under investigation. This time frame

may have caused influential responding to the research questions by participants who have

already taken part in the survey. In order to rectify this problem, the researcher advises that the

research should conduct data collection on a similar day across the research scope so that when

the data collection is stopped all the unfilled questionnaire or those that wouldn’t have not

answered the questions satisfactorily would not be considered as valid research responses and

therefore it would reduce the problem of output inconsistency.

Conclusion

The research has provided a model that the Understanding China consumer’s intentions

toward the continuity of using WeChat Payment in the first-tier-cities can adapt to realize its

smooth flow, implementation methodology as well as structures and the need to ensure that

WeChat has achieved its business milestone objective. Therefore, insufficiency of information

on the mobile platform and adequate investigation of the parameters that influence the usage and

continuum of use of WeChat across the Chinese market has proven to be problematic in the

investigation of the research objectives. This study therefore has developed a statistical model

that is limited to the analysis of spot changes and static business ecosystem changes in the

perception of use of WeChat. The model however, does not address the critical issues such as the

revenue generated by the platform, its direct impact to the economy, the amount that is

transacted by the platform across one financial year as well as other macro-economic business
modeling parameters such as government investment and taxation. In this regard therefore, this

research understand that business and money transaction serves as the heartbeat and the

backbone of the business operation and leaves the research open for future investigation in order

to test the dependability, feasibility, and malleability of the devised model.

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