Yojana Editorials Sept 2018 - Aug 2019

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YOJANA EDITORIALS
Sept 2018-Aug 2019
Abstract
Editorials of all Yojana magazines during September 2018 to August 2019 have been covered.
Useful for Mains 2019, Essays and Interview.
IAS Delhi
Iasdelhi.org@gmail.com
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Contents
September 2018
Job landscape ................................................................................................. 2
October 2018
Not Women Development but Women-Led Development ........................... 4
November 2018
“Swachhata – A Way of Life” ......................................................................... 5
December 2018
Reshaping Development ................................................................................ 7
January 2019
Innovation: making a difference .................................................................... 9
February 2019
Transforming India ....................................................................................... 10
March 2019
Panoramas of Development ........................................................................ 12
April 2019
Handicrafts & Textiles – The Pride of India .................................................. 13
May 2019
Meeting Future Energy Needs...................................................................... 15
June 2019
Towards Holistic Health ............................................................................... 16
July 2019
Transformational Shift in Delivery of Services ............................................. 17
August 2019
Union Budget 2019-20 ................................................................................. 19
September 2018
Job landscape
Today India enjoys a place of pride in the international arena not only as a fast
emerging economy but also as a vast pool of dynamic human resource. While
most of the developed world is moving towards a nation of ageing population,
India is poised to be the youngest country in the world by 2022. This young
force, which also constitutes nearly 40% of the total population of India, is
the most vibrant and dynamic segment and also the country’s most valuable
human resource. The employability of this pool of creative talent has been the
highest concern of successive governments.
Post independence, India was primarily an agricultural economy with
majority of population indulged in agricultural practices. Over the years
however, the phenomenon of modernisation and industrialisation gained
momentum. More recently, the approach has been to promote self
employment. Government’s attempt has been to provide greater
opportunities for entrepreneurship. As the Prime Minister also, on the
occasion of National Youth Day said that “we want our youth to be job
creators and not job seekers”.
Indian economy has very unique characteristics with formal-informal, rural-
urban, agricultural-non-agricultural, skilled unskilled components existing at
the same time. Any effort to promote employment needs to address concerns
of these components holistically. While on the one hand there is requirement
for skilling the unskilled labour class, there is also the need to bring the
informal sector workers into a formalised set up. While agriculture still
accounts for bulk of employment in India, the non agricultural employment
like small scale manufacturing, processing, repairing, construction and other
services in villages and rural towns accounts for significant proportion of
income for rural households. Initiatives like Agriclinics, Agri-business centres,
National food security mission etc have given big boost to non-agricultural
employment in rural areas.
MSMEs are one sector with huge potential to create not only self employment
but also opportunities to create jobs further since many MSMEs like handlooms
and handicrafts are labour intensive. National Manufacturing Policy estimates
the potential of this sector to provide employment for 100 million people by
2022. Hence the government is also having a focussed approach to provide
support to this sector by way of Entrepreneurship Skill Development
Programme, PMEGP, Scheme for Fund for regeneration of Traditional Industries
(SFURTI), Cluster development programmes etc.
Overall urban job scenario is also undergoing a change with newer job and
entrepreneurship opportunities becoming available in e-commerce, IT, data
analysis, finance, service sector etc. MUDRA, Atal innovation Mission, Skill
India, Start up India-Stand up India, National Urban Livelihood Mission etc have
been focussing on providing basic requirements like skill, finances, clearances
and making it easier and feasible for youngsters to start their own business.
While creating a conducive environment for self-entrepreneurship, the

government is also giving incentives to employers in the form of wage subsidies,
contributions to EPFO and ESIC etc. to enable them to give employment to the
unemployed. Under PMRPY, government pays a percentage of Employer’s
contribution to Employees Pension Scheme. Besides, multi scale development
schemes launched in recent years are also providing indirect employment to a
huge proportion of unemployed population. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak
Yojana, Smart cities, AMRUT, Hunar Se Rojgar Tak etc. are some of the projects
which have created productive employment opportunities. These numbers,
though not accounted for anywhere in the formal employment data, account
for major chunk of employment generation and cannot be ignored. The task to
prepare a more reliable employment data based on household survey has
already been initiated. The data once completed will confirm the results of these
initiatives.
The success of a modern economy is directly linked to status of employment

in the country. Full employment is an economic situation in which all available
labour resources are being used in the most efficient way possible. With recent
upsurge in job landscape, India is not far behind.
October 2018
Not Women Development but Women-Led Development
A woman is a full circle. Within her is the power to create, nurture and
transform. Nari shakti is a concept that has existed in Indian culture since time
immemorial. The mother goddess has been worshipped from ancient times in
various forms – Durga and Kali in East India, Mahishasura Mardini and
Bhagawati in Kerala, etc. She has always been portrayed as the epitome of
shakti, able to accomplish that which man cannot.
This, however, is only one side of the picture. The flip side is a grim scenario of
women having no voice in their own lives, leave alone the decisions of the
family. They had been subservient to the men in their lives. Their aspirations
were not considered important enough to be encouraged. Their hardships were
submerged in their responsibilities as mother, wife and daughter.
This facet of a woman’s life has undergone major transformation in recent
times. The modern woman is no longer confined to the four walls of the house.
Women are now realizing their worth in every way and demanding gender
equality and justice both at home and in the workplace. They have broken the
glass barrier in almost every field, be it technology, space science, sports or the
armed forces. Almost every fifth woman is an entrepreneur – both in urban
and rural India.
In recent years, Government has played a significant role in bringing about this
transition. Right from recognizing the need to protect the girl child in the womb
to protecting career women in their work place, a number of initiatives have
been taken. Empowering woman through her journey to motherhood is an
important agenda for the government. Schemes like the PM Matru Vandana
Yojana give financial protection to women during their pregnancy and lactation
period. A very significant move has been the modification of the Maternity
Benefit Act allowing working women 26 weeks of paid maternity leave.
Programmes like Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao programme and Sukanya Samriddhi
Yojana take care of the girl child right from protecting her from female foeticide
to ensuring her education and financial security. Only a healthy woman can be
an empowered woman. The Ayushman Bharat Programme, National Nutrition
Mission, Ujjawala Yojana etc take care of the health and nutritional
requirements of Indian women.
Entrepreneurship development programmes have enabled women to stand on
their own feet. Schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, Stand up India,
Start up India and SHGS under the National Rural Livelihoods Mission have
helped to make women financially secure and independent. PM Jan Dhan
Yojana has also played a critical role in the financial inclusion of women.
Safety and security of women at all places is high on the agenda of woman
empowerment. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, the online
complaint system, 181 women helplines, One Stop Centres and panic buttons
are all geared to protect women in their journey towards empowerment. Triple
Talaq, has been a big thorn in the progress of Muslim women. The Triple Talaq
bill already cleared by the Lok Sabha seeks to remedy this situation by abolishing
the practice.
Road to development cannot be travelled without the empowerment of
women who form almost 50 per cent per cent of the Indian population. A
multidirectional organized approach to women empowerment is sure to take
the country way beyond this path.
November 2018
“Swachhata – A Way of Life”
Swachhata or cleanliness is a concept that touches every one’s life. Right from
brushing teeth and having a bath to washing hands before and after every
meal, cleanliness is an essential part of our daily routine. A clean person,
however, is not the one who runs away from dirt but who takes time and effort
to tidy up his environment as well. Most people keep their homes clean; but
don’t hesitate to dirty their surroundings. From throwing one’s household waste
on the streets to spitting on roads, there is no limit to what an unclean person
can do to his surroundings.
This is what the Father of the Nation appealed for, in his call for Swachh
Hindustan. ‘Cleanliness is next to Godliness’ – For Mahatma Gandhi this was
not just a thought but a way of life. Gandhiji not only preached cleanliness but
also practiced it himself. His concept of cleanliness was not just cleanliness of
the body but also of the soul. He wanted to see a Bharat that was not only open
defecation free but also had clean body and soul.
India has registered a sustained economic growth in the last few years. But it
still faces a huge economic loss due to poor hygiene and sanitation. Inadequate
sanitation poses serious issues for economic growth of the country by
manifesting itself in the form of poor health, death, losses in education and
overall productivity and well being of its people. According to the World Bank,
India loses 6.4 per cent of GDP annually because of this particular reason.
Perceiving this, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched Swachh Bharat Mission
on 15th August 2014, from the ramparts of the Red Fort and set a target to build
a clean and open defecation free India by 2019, the 150th birth anniversary year
of Mahatma Gandhi, as a befitting tribute.
While the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation was the core
implementing Ministry, the mission components have now become Everyone’s
Business. Political will, public policy and people’s involvement has made Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan a people’s movement. Swachhata Pakhwadas, rallies, awareness
campaigns through village panchayats, large scale construction of toilets, solid
waste management, monitoring through swachh survekshan and star ratings for
garbage free cities are gradually bringing about behavioral change. Students,
swachhagrahis, sarpanchs, district collectors, civil society and media– have
carried the message of ‘Swachhata hi Seva’ to the masses. Swachhata icons like
Amitabh Bachchan and Sachin Tendulkar have been roped in to popularize the
use of toilets.
Core ministries like Health and Women and Child Development are making all
out efforts to address specific issues within their sectors. Initiatives like
Kayakalp, VISHWAS- a village based initiative to synergise health, water and
sanitation campaign, Bal Swachhata Mission, construction of toilets, provision
of clean drinking water facilities in anganwadis and child care institutions have
played a major role in taking this mission forward.
Youth serve as the primary messenger and leader for bringing about change of
any kind. Ministry of Human Resource Development, through its educational
institutions, has taken upon itself to use this segment to cultivate a culture of
cleanliness. On similar lines, other Ministries like Railways, Rural Development,
Petroleum, Housing and Urban Affairs, through their large network of trains,
railway stations, petrol pumps and smart cities and villages, are working on the
entire sanitation value chain of water supply, safe disposal and treatment of
waste, and maintenance of infrastructure in mission mode. And this mission is
already on its path to make ‘Swachhata’ a way of life.
December 2018
Reshaping Development
History has been witness to many social and economic revolutions. Beginning
with agricultural, going on to industrial and then the technological, these
revolutions have changed the face of humanity. And now, the digital revolution
is redefining the pace of progress opening countless avenues to transform
society, culture and lifestyles.
Digitisation as a phenomenon made its onset long ago. But the pace was so
gradual and the changes involved so subtle, that it went almost unnoticed. Early
digital initiatives were mainly to preserve records, create in-house office
management systems, processing of data, etc. It is over the last few years that
the digital revolution has opened a whole new vista of opportunities reshaping
the scope of development. From the Internet to artificial intelligence and
robotics, emerging technologies have presented unprecedented opportunities
for social and economic renovation. India, the fastest growing economy in the
world, has undergone complete transformation with the rapid uptake of digital
technologies. Smart and connected technology has become an integral part of
businesses, governments and communities. It has had profound impact on the
way people interact with each other, express their feelings, share ideas,
manage their health and finances.
The IT revolution has given a big leap forward to Indian economy and proved to
be a boon for the Indian youth as a generator of employment and revenue.
Traversing through phases of Indian youth migrating abroad for work followed
by global IT giants investing in India and jobs returning to India, the economy is
now in the phase of startups and innovations.
The digital revolution has now touched many areas of relevance to the common
man. The best example is the mobile revolution, with almost every Indian,
industrialist or a rickshaw-puller, a student or a housewife, owning a mobile
phone. Many services are now available through digital platforms where earlier
one had to go physically or stand in queues. Passport and visa services, railway
bookings, withdrawal of cash – have all been digitised. The government has, on
its part, initiated many programmes to further this revolution. Aadhar was the
first major initiative of the government to streamline government services
through Direct Benefit Transfer and the JAM trinity. Digital payments are now
possible through apps like BHIM and Rupay debit cards, e-Sign has been
introduced to facilitate digital signature on documents; Jeevan pramaan has
made life easier for the old who can now get verification of life through digital
life certificates to draw their pensions. Common Service Centres, digital
classrooms and e-hospitals have enabled access to services in rural and remote
areas.
This continuing wave of digital transformation has permeated every facet of
business and life but like any other technology, this also has come with
considerable challenges in the form of fake content, online frauds and
cyberbullying. The government has taken several cyber security measures to
ensure robust data delivery systems in various sectors like banking, insurance
etc.
The journey to digitisation has been one of inclusive growth, transforming India
into a global economy. It is a revolution that has touched the lives of the
common man in almost all aspects and holds the potential to completely
redefine the human experience, vastly simplifying, enhancing and enriching
lives. Responsible behavior clubbed with digital intelligence on part of the
organizations and citizens is what is required to ensure that the benefits of
digital technologies outweigh the costs.
January 2019
Innovation: making a difference
When Archimedes cried 'Eureka’ ! it was not just an expression of excitement

on a new discovery, but a statement on the entire experience of innovation
and discovery.
Innovation has been at the heart of all progress of mankind – be it the discovery
of fire, the wheel, weapons for hunting, the idea of agriculture – each one
developed from an idea or observation. In recent times also, innovations have
taken place in almost every sphere touching mankind. Agriculture, space
science, bio-technology, health care, education etc. – every sector has
benefitted by innovation.
Obviously, the lead in innovations has been taken in the field of science and
technology. Many of these innovations are deeply connected with the lives of
the common man. Innovations in health, like discovery of DNA profiling, stem
cell research, organ donations, heart transplants etc. have actually been
lifesaving.
The Green revolution was an innovation that helped convert India into a food
sufficient nation from a food scarce nation which had to depend on supplies
from abroad to feed its hungry population during the initial years after gaining
independence. Other innovations in agriculture over the years have promoted
farmers’ welfare and ensured increased productivity.
Space science is another area which has seen a number of innovations.
Innovations in satellites and launch vehicles have further boosted India's efforts
to earn its rightful place in the comity of nations. These innovations have
secured benefits in various fields such as telecommunications and rural
connectivity.
The thrust of the Government on promoting innovation can be seen in many
policies and programmes covering various sectors. The Ministry of HRD’s
initiatives like MHRD Innovation Cell (MIC), Atal Ranking of Institutions of

Innovation Achievements (ARIIA), GIAN and SPARC are all aimed at promoting
innovation in young minds. Similarly, programmes like MUDRA and ASPIRE have
tried to create a spirit of entrepreneurship through innovative ideas among
entrepreneurs. Financial inclusion initiatives like Jan Dhan Yojana and various
innovative pension schemes are aimed at benefitting the common man.
Specific innovative programmes like the Atal Innovation Mission and
innovations in public systems like the BHIM App, e-Nam etc have also
contributed to the innovative spirit in India. The Metro Rail is one of most
innovative modern transport systems and has made a huge difference to the
public transport system.
There is no doubt that innovations have made a difference to society from times
immemorial. But they should not be restricted to individual efforts of scientists
and researchers alone. The innovative spirit in each one of us has to be nurtured
from the very beginning and young minds taught to think out of the box rather
than just get through with rote learning. This calls for a reformation in the
education system as also changing the mind set of parents and the society at
large. Collective efforts by all relevant stakeholders can make all the difference.
February 2019
Transforming India
What does a person look for when he wants to settle down in a city or town?
He checks to see whether he can find a house he can afford, electricity
connection, sanitation facilities, connectivity by way of roads and highways for
daily movement, rail and airport connectivity for outstation movement; nearby
schools and hospitals for any medical emergencies etc.
Infrastructure development, can, therefore, be considered the key to the life
of the common man. It is also a crucial factor in the economic development of
the nation. Therefore, infrastructure development has been the priority of the
Government and it has taken numerous initiatives towards better infrastructure

creation.
Creating housing infrastructure is one of the key priorities of the Government.
A roof over one’s head is the dream of every person and the Government’s
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana was introduced to realize this dream. The PMAY
aims at ‘Housing for All’ by 2022.
Ensuring electricity connectivity to the remotest villages is another important
programme of the Government. The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
(DDUGJY) and Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana – Saubhagya schemes
are transforming the lives of people in rural India.
Creation of Smart Cities is yet another major project of the Government. The
basic idea behind the Smart Cities project is not only to create cities with better
civic amenities or improved infrastructure but also help create inclusive and
collaborative cities, with the aim of transforming the lives of the people living
there.
Creation of infrastructure in various fields such as education, health etc. has also
been the focus of the Government.
Roads are the lifeline of any country and connectivity is a critical aspect of
infrastructure for the common man. Good roads and highways help to reach
places faster. Therefore, Government aims at creating improved road and
highway infrastructure under the Bharatmala scheme. Similarly, Government
has given a big push to transformational changes in rail infrastructure as well as
development of inland waterway routes. Through the UDAN scheme, the
Government seeks to make air travel affordable for the common man in small
cities.
Thus, creating facilities for the common man through improved infrastructure
has been the priority of the Government. The various Government schemes and
programmes will go a long way in the process of transforming the life of the
citizens and ensuring all round progress of the nation.
March 2019
Panoramas of Development
Development – the word has different connotations in different situations. It

could mean development of a person – physical or mental, development of a
concept or idea for a researcher or development of a theme for a
choreographer.
For a nation, development has wide-ranging perspectives. It means
improvement in various sectors relating to a country's economy, issues
affecting daily life of the common man, child development, gender justice, et
al. It also entails inclusive growth.
Financial inclusion is at the core of fiscal development of a nation. Until even
the illiterate person in the rural areas is associated with the national mainstream
in financial matters, fiscal development will remain merely a term in economic
surveys and budget documents. Over the years various programmes have been
brought to ensure financial inclusion of the common man and make them part
of the process of financial development of the nation.
Good governance is another vital aspect of national development because it
ensures that the schemes and programmes of the government reach the
persons they are targeted towards. Key reforms in education, health, child
development, regional development, legal, police and judicial reforms are all
part of good governance.
Health care is another key area which ensures the development of a nation.
Improvement in health services and broadening of the range of health services
to reach the poorest of the poor, in the remotest of areas has been the aim of
government schemes.
Interventions for social inclusion of the weaker sections is another important
parameter for the development of the nation. Sections of the society like
Scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, backward classes, de-notified tribes,
nomadic tribes, safai karamacharis, religious minorities, etc. have been well-
protected under various constitutional provisions. Various policies and
programmes have also helped in their development in areas of education,

employment and self-employment, etc.
Youth are the future of any nation and empowering them is important for the
development of the nation. India, today, enjoys the benefit of the demographic
dividend and this power should be unleashed so that the nation surges ahead.
Programmes and policies which create opportunities for youth in education, skill
development, employment and self-employment opportunities is the need of
the hour.
Ensuring gender justice and empowering women to be at the forefront of
national development is also an important factor in the development of a
nation. In fact, the call is now for women-led development rather than
development of women. Various schemes and programmes have been
implemented in the fields of neo-natal care, pregnancy, nutritive care of
lactating mothers, etc. Women enjoy significant presence in every area-be it the
armed forces, medicine, finance and even in such male dominated jobs like
driving auto rickshaws, buses or even as pilots.
Developments in the fields of education, child development, and ease of living
for the elderly are other important parameters for the development of the
nation.
The Father of the Nation had observed: "Recall the face of the poorest and
weakest man you have seen, and ask yourself if this step you contemplate is
going to be any use to him". These words convey the entire spectrum of
development and should be the cornerstone of all development policies.
April 2019
Handicrafts & Textiles – The Pride of India
Every region in India has its unique handicraft tradition, mostly using locally
available material. Being a labour intensive sector, it supplies employment to
lakhs of artisans all over the country. While for many artisans and workers,
making handicrafts is a full-time livelihood, it also serves as an alternate source

of income for the agricultural workers, who keep themselves employed in this
sector during lean periods in agriculture. Womenfolk in farm families also use
this as a means of gainful employment after their menfolk go to the fields. The
handicrafts and textiles sector is a major source of livelihood throughout rural
India.
The sector is also an important foreign exchange earner, as it has very high
export potential. Indian handicrafts and textiles are in great demand abroad
with their unique motifs and colourful textures. Indian handicraft products like
shawls, jewellery, bags, wooden carvings, embroidered material are all popular
at international levels as well.
Every student of Indian history knows about the artefacts that were found at
the site of the famous Mohenjo-daro and Harappan civilizations. The statue of
the dancing girl, the jewellery - all are testimony to the fact that handicrafts
have been part of Indian tradition since the period of the Indus Valley
civilization, if not earlier. Subsequent races and dynasties continued this glorious
tradition, incorporating their individual styles and using specific materials, be it
wood artefacts of Saharanpur, bidri work in Andhra Pradesh, the floral motifs
of the Indo-Persian style, the rich zari work found in Kanchipuram silks, the
puppets of Rajasthan, et al.
The heritage of Indian textiles also goes back to the Indus Valley civilization,
where homespun cotton was used to weave clothes. Every region has its typical
textile tradition. The rich Kanchipuram silk sarees of the South, the muga and
tussar silks of the north east, the grand Banarasi sarees, the Chanderi cotton
and silks, the pashmina and shahtoosh shawls of Kashmir, the brightly
embroidered textiles of Rajasthan and Kutch, the phulkari work of Punjab, all
epitomize the richness of India's textile tradition. Indian silk and jute garments
are famous all over the world and in global demand.
Skilling of artisans has been receiving focused attention. Skilling helps to
familiarize the artisan with latest technology and designs and helps upgrade the
product to international standards, thus, leveraging the sector's inherent
strength as a macro-economic driver
Women form a very big chunk of workers in this sector. Their skilled hands help
produce very delicate handicraft and textiles - be it the Channapatna wooden
toys, embroidery work on textiles, carpet weaving-women form the backbone
of this sector. Empowering them economically and socially is therefore, crucial.
As an ancient tradition, many of these artisans have learnt their skill from their
forefathers and have attained a very high level of skill and specialization in their
art. This is what makes this industry so unique as compared to other sectors
where skills and techniques can largely be learnt in a college or academy in a
formal way. It, thus, becomes even more imperative that this ancient tradition
is not allowed to die. The relevant stakeholders need to ensure that this ancient
art flourishes and its skilled hands are economically self-sufficient.
May 2019
Meeting Future Energy Needs
Sustainable and renewable energy sources are a crucial strategic national

resource. Creating environment friendly development programmes is one of the
most challenging tasks for most modern governments. Harnessing sustainable
energy resources becomes important while planning for energy programmes.
And hence, meeting the nation's energy requirements is high on the agenda of
any government. Renewable energy sources contribute to a nation's sustainable
growth trajectory, in addition to protecting the environment, promoting
investment and conserving ecology.
India, like most other countries, has a very high dependence on fossilized fuels
for its energy requirements. The other major energy source is coal. It is generally
accepted that fossilized fuels are liable to be exhausted as they are not
replenishable. And, thermal plants are highly polluting. At the same time, the
need for energy is increasing at an alarming rate. Whether it is industrial energy,
household energy or vehicular energy, the demand is more than the capacity.
Hence the need of the hour is increased energy supply, which is replenishable
and at the same time does not damage the environment.
India's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions centre around

promotion of clean energy, especially renewable energy; enhancement of
energy efficiency; safe, smart and sustainable green transportation network;
abatement of pollution and India's efforts to enhance carbon sink through
creation of forest and tree cover. Solar energy, bio-gas, geo-thermal energy and
ocean energy are some clean energy sources that may help mitigate the ill-
effects of environmental pollution. While energy harnessed from oceans is still
in a nascent stage in India, geothermal energy seems a more viable renewable
energy technology that has the potential to provide clean energy for both
electric power production and direct heat applications.
Bio-gas as an energy source can be a boon to rural India. Bio-gas energy can not
only ease the energy situation in rural areas but also ensure waste recovery -
both agriculture waste and dairy waste.
Other more well-known energy sources, like solar and wind energy are in use in
some parts of the country. But financing renewable sources is a major issue.
Financial assistance in the form of low-interest rate, long-term loan guarantees
are some available means of addressing the high capital costs of creating
renewable energy sources. Institutional finance is also one way of solving this
problem.
As on date, India is heavily dependent on imported oil and gas as well as coal to
meet its energy requirements. But concerted efforts are on, at the same time,
to harness renewable energy sources and so that India is able to honour its
commitments as per the Paris Accord on Climate Change.
June 2019
Towards Holistic Health
Humans have actively engaged in medicine as well as in alternative systems of

drugless healing over centuries, and across societies and civilizations. There has
been a growing consciousness around the world for improving healthcare using
alternative systems of medicine, lifestyle changes and mindfulness that can
undo the effects of a stressful and fast-paced lifestyle that is increasingly being
recognised as the root cause of a number of health and wellness challenges
facing us today.
Yoga is an ancient practice and a spiritual discipline focussing on assimilating
the mind, body and nature to establish an organic harmony between all forces.
The word 'yoga' comes from Sanskrit which means to unite, and hence yoga is
not just physical exercise but a means to achieve a balance between thoughts
and actions and channelizing the body and energy as a holistic approach to well-
being. Yoga has had various lineages, traditions and driving philosophies that
have led to the emergence of different traditional schools of Yoga, each with its
own set of principles, objectives and practices.
Yoga is recognised all over the world for its immensely uplifting values. Each
year, June 21 is celebrated as the International Day of Yoga, and especially for
India, Yoga has a cultural and heritage value too.
Naturopathy, Siddha system of medicine, Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy,
Naturopathy and others, are also various practices in addition to the more
popular system of medicine, i.e. Allopathy, which is the commonly followed
system in India and most other parts of the world. It is in relation to Allopathy
that these others systems are referred to as the alternative systems of medicine.
However, given the multitude of health issues that humanity is facing today, it
is important to integrate the preventive, curative and uplifting aspects of the
traditional as well as the modern systems of medicine in order to combat the
challenges facing us today in a holistic and balanced manner, while combining
the best of various streams of knowledge.
July 2019
Transformational Shift in Delivery of Services
Indian history is replete with instances of Governments who were extremely

conscious of their duty to provide services to their citizens. Continuous efforts
were made by them to set up systems of good governance through various

schemes and laws. These systems were however largely based on records, files
and transactions which were generally physical. It has been only in recent years
that the concept of citizen centric e-Services has come to the fore.
Citizen centric e-Services aim to digitally empower the society and transform
the economy. They aim to restyle how citizens avail of services and participate
in the economy using less cash, opting instead for UPI, internet banking, direct
benefit transfer, digital payment platform etc., using unique identification
techniques, like Aadhaar, so as to drive financial inclusion with minimum lapses
and delays. Government's push towards a Paper-less, Presence-less and
Cashless model of e-governance and the launch of Aadhaar, UPI and BHIM have
transformed the economy. Banking is fast moving from branch banking to a
virtual world of banking called Digital Banking.
Various new citizen centric and transformational digital platforms that have
been developed include BHIM-UPI, e-NAM, GSTN, DigiLocker, GeM, e-Hospital,
MyGov, UMANG, SWAYAM, Jeevan Pramaan, NSP etc. These efforts are heavily
dependent upon the efficient use of technology and as a result technology is
increasingly being used to transform learning, economy and citizen services
delivery mechanisms. The reach of mobile network, internet and electricity is
expanding its reach to remote areas, thereby ensuring that the marginalised
sections of the society are also brought into the mainstream. This digital
transformation is facilitating the ease of access for citizens with disabilities as
well and empowering them to access various products and services despite
mobility constraints.
In the field of education too, technology is playing a greater role than ever
before and is transforming classrooms from being isolated units of learning to
more collaborative and communicative spaces with digital pedagogies, critical
enquiry and demographic spaces that go beyond geographical constraints.
Likewise, to minimise farmers' distress, digitalising of farming systems and
creating a database is also a step towards achieving sustainable agricultural
production. The delivery of services to citizens in an efficient, transparent and
effective manner has been addressed by the Geographic Information System as
a decision support system for developmental planning.
Citizen centric e-Services focus on accessibility, quality, efficiency, affordability,

delivery, mobility and user experience. Products and services can no longer be
viewed in isolation from the larger evolving scenarios around us and there
should be a healthy mix of technology with progressive policies and practices.
The Digital India programme and the tremendous focus of the Government on
providing citizen centric e-Services are resulting in the Indian citizens witnessing
not only a transformational shift in the delivery of services but also a better
engagement of the Government with its citizens.
August 2019
Union Budget 2019-20
Union Budget 2019-20 is a Budget for New India which is based on an inclusive
approach for various sections of the society, The Budget aims to boost India's
development in the 21- century on the basis of an investment-driven growth
model that would propel our country towards achieving the target of becoming
a five trillion dollar economy.
Some of the key areas driving the larger spirit of the Budget have been to
simplify tax procedures, incentivise performance and make the best use of
technology to set the pace for an all-inclusive development. With its focus on
“Goon, Garib, aur Kisan", the Union Budget 2019-20 is a Budget full of hope that
aspires to provide gas connection, electricity, running water and clean toilets to
every rural household through various initiatives such as Swachh Bharat
Abhiyan, Har Ghar Jal etc. The new Jal Shakti Mantralaya for better
management of water resources and water supply in a holistic manner is a boost
in this direction. Bringing about a paradigm shift in how healthcare is looked at
in India, Ayushman Bharat represents a comprehensive, holistic approach to
achieve a healthy society by combining preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative aspects of care.
With emphasis on minimum government and maximum governance, the Union
Budget has focussed on ease of living for the common man with developmental
initiatives in various areas viz. physical connectivity, rural India, railways, unified
digital payments, inland waterways and so on. The creation of payment
platform for MSMEs to eliminate delays in Government payments would help
the MSME sector to develop further.
Raising the slogan, “Nari Tu Narayani", the Budget focusses on enhancing the
role and contribution of women in the workforce as well as economy through
multiple initiatives such as Rs 1 lakh loan under MUDRA scheme for women
entrepreneurs and Rs 5,000 overdraft for every verified SHG member having a
Jan Dhan account. It not only speaks of the empowerment that is sure to come
in the near future but also places it as a women-empowering Budget.
New-age technologies including electric vehicles, solar PV, storage batteries
and charging infrastructure will not only create jobs but also go a long way in
making the energy sector sustainable and ready for the future. This is a green
Budget in which special emphasis has been laid on the environment.
Initiatives like the Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan and the introduction of the New
Space India Limited (NSIL), a new commercial am for research and development
carried out by ISRO, speak of India's aspiration to be a major space power.
Globally valued skill-sets including Artificial Intelligence (Al), Internet of
Things, Virtual Reality and Robotics and Big Data have been identified as focus
areas for enabling the youth of the country to take up jobs overseas. Making the
education system future ready and strengthening the Study in India programme
have been highlighted as well.
Overall, the Budget speaks inter alia about the aspirations of the rural and the
urban population, the needs of farmers and students, and the drive for
empowerment of youth and women.
Steering the economy towards a New India, the Union Budget 2019-20 is truly
a Budget For All.

Yojana Editorials Sept 2018 - Aug 2019

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