Graph Sketching: A mathematical toytime

Rtvik Patel
8 February 2019

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Contents
1 Question 1 3
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Question 2 5
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 Question 3 7
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

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1 Question 1
1.1 Introduction
In this part of the question, we are asked to sketch various variants of the graph
y=sinx, with modulo brackets in varying positions.

1.2 Answers
a. y=sinx is a very widely known graph.

b. There will be a reflection in the y-axis of the positive x values since x and
-x will give rise to the same y value.

c. Since y must be positive, negative values of y will be reflected across the

x-axis.

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 d. sinx must be positive so only regions of x which give rise to positive sinx
values can be include. We must then reflect the remaining values in the x-axis
since y and -y will give rise to the same x value.

e. y and sinx can be either positive or negative. The graph of y=sinx will
be both reflected in the y-axis and in the x-axis.

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2 Question 2
2.1 Introduction
This is going to be really annoying to do on LaTeX... why did I decide to do
this in the first place.

2.2 Answer
Since the denominator of the equation cannot equal 0, there is a vertical asymp-
tote at x=10. By substituting x=0 into the equation, we see that there is a
y-intercept at y=-0.4.

If we factorise x2 − 5x + 4, we get (x − 1)(x − 4), and thus, by inspection,

we can conclude that the x-intercepts are at x=4,1.
To find the turning point, we must diffrentiate the equation.

(x − 10)(x + 5) + 54
=
x − 10
Using quotient rule:
dy x2 − 20x + 46
=
dx (x − 10)2

x2 − 20x + 46 = 0
Using quadratic formula:
√ √
x = 10 + 3 6, 10 − 3 6

x = 2.652, 17.348
Plug x values into equation gives:

y = 0.303, 29.697

This is the final sketched graph:

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3 Question 3
3.1 Introduction
This is getting a bit tedious...

3.2 Answer
n
X (n)(n + 1)(2n + 1)
k2 =
6
k=1

Step 1: Base Case

1
X (1)(1 + 1)(2 + 1)
k2 =
6
k=1

Step 2: Induction Step

n
X
k2
k=1

We’re pretending we don’t know that this is n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6, so we don’t
give ourselves permission to write that down yet. Our job is to come up with
that as a consequence of what we are sure of, namely, that it’s true for n 1.
n
X n−1
X
k2 = k 2 + n2
k=1 k=1

We are able to rewrite this as

n n−1
X X (n − 1)[(n − 1) + 1][2(n − 1) + 1
k2 = k 2 + n2 = + n2
6
k=1 k=1

(n − 1)(n)(2n − 1)
= + n2
6

(n)(n + 1)(2n + 1)
=
6
Thus, it holds for n = k + 1, and the proof of the induction step is complete.
Conclusion: By the principle of induction,it is true for all n Z+.