University of the Cordilleras

College of engineering and architecture

Human 3
3:30-5:30 WSAT

ARTS

SALMAN, MOHAMMED A

Modern art
 Flim
An animated sequence showing a horse galloping, with a jockey on its back

Sallie Gardner at a Gallop, made by Eadweard Muybridge in 1878, is sometimes cited as the earliest film.

1858 autoportrait of Adrien Tournachon, half-brother of Nadar.

A film, also called a movie, motion picture, moving picture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of still
images that, when shown on a screen, create the illusion of moving images. (See the glossary of motion
picture terms.)

This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects
viewed in rapid succession. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. A film is created by
photographing actual scenes with a motion-picture camera, by photographing drawings or miniature
models using traditional animation techniques, by means of CGI and computer animation, or by a
combination of some or all of these techniques, and other visual effects

The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film industry,
and to the art of filmmaking itself. The contemporary definition of cinema is the art of simulating
experiences to communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty or atmosphere by the means of
recorded or programmed moving images along with other sensory stimulations.[1]

Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process and then shown
through a movie projector onto a large screen. Contemporary films are now often fully digital through
the entire process of production, distribution, and exhibition, while films recorded in a photochemical
form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack (a graphic recording of the spoken words,
music and other sounds that accompany the images which runs along a portion of the film exclusively
reserved for it, and is not projected).

Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect
them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful
medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a universal power of
communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions through the use of dubbing or
subtitles to translate the dialog into other languages.

Photography
Photography is the art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other
electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of
a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employed in many fields of science,
manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and
video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication.

Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-
sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure. With an electronic image sensor, this
produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image
file for subsequent display or processing. The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent
image, which is later chemically "developed" into a visible image, either negative or positive depending
on the purpose of the photographic material and the method of processing. A negative image on film is
traditionally used to photographically create a positive image on a paper base, known as a print, either
by using an enlarger or by contact printing.

A tattoo is a form of body modification where a design is made by inserting ink, dyes and pigments,
either indelible or temporary, into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment. The art of making
tattoos is tattooing.

Tattoo
Tattoos fall into three broad categories: purely decorative (with no specific meaning); symbolic (with a
specific meaning pertinent to the wearer); pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item). Tattoos
have historically been regarded in the West as 'uncivilised', and over the last 100 years the fashion has
been associated mainly with sailors, working men and criminals. By the end of the 20th century, many
Western stigmas of the tattoo culture had been dismissed, and the practice has become more
acceptable and accessible for people of all trades and levels of society.
The word tattoo, or tattow in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Samoan word tatau, meaning "to
strike".[1][2] The Oxford English Dictionary gives the etymology of tattoo as "In 18th c. tattaow, tattow.
From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.) tatau. In Marquesan, tatu." Before the importation of
the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring or
staining.[3]

The etymology of the body modification term is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the
military drumbeat or performance — see military tattoo. In this case, the English word tattoo is derived
from the Dutch word taptoe.[4]

The first written reference to the word tattoo (or tatau) appears in the journal of Joseph Banks (24
February 1743 – 19 June 1820), the naturalist aboard explorer James Cook's ship HMS Endeavour: "I shall
now mention the way they mark themselves indelibly, each of them is so marked by their humour or
disposition".[5] The word tattoo was brought to Europe by Cook, when he returned in 1769 from his first
voyage to Tahiti and New Zealand. In his narrative of the voyage, he refers to an operation called
"tattaw".[6]

Tattoo enthusiasts may refer to tattoos as "ink", "pieces", "skin art", "tattoo art", "tats" or "work"; to the
creators as "tattoo artists", "tattooers" or "tattooists"; and to places where they work as "tattoo shops",
"tattoo studios" or "tattoo parlors".

Music
Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time. The
common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its
associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the
sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical
sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these
elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging
from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs
without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The
word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike; "art of the Muses").[1] See glossary of musical
terminology.

Sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the
plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and
modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other
materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and
process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by
welding or modelling, or molded or cast.

Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often
represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures,
though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely. However,
most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost.[2]

Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries
large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression of
religion or politics. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include the
cultures of the ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in Central and South
America and Africa.

The Western tradition of sculpture began in ancient Greece, and Greece is widely seen as
producing great masterpieces in the classical period. During the Middle Ages, Gothic sculpture
represented the agonies and passions of the Christian faith. The revival of classical models in
the Renaissance produced famous sculptures such as Michelangelo's David. Modernist
sculpture moved away from traditional processes and the emphasis on the depiction of the
human body, with the making of constructed sculpture, and the presentation of found objects
as finished art works.

Graphics
Graphics are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or
stone to inform, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage it includes: a pictorial
representation of data, as in computer-aided design and manufacture, in typesetting and the
graphic arts, and in educational and recreational software. Images that are generated by a
computer are called computer graphics.
Examples are photographs, drawings, Line art, graphs, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols,
geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text,
illustration, and color. Graphic design may consist of the deliberate selection, creation, or
arrangement of typography alone, as in a brochure, flyer, poster, web site, or book without any
other element. Clarity or effective communication may be the objective, association with other
cultural elements may be sought, or merely, the creation of a distinctive style.

Graphics can be functional or artistic. The latter can be a recorded version, such as a
photograph, or interpretation by a scientist to highlight essential features, or an artist, in which
case the distinction with imaginary graphics may become blurred. It can also be used for
architecture.