Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Land Revenue Act 1967, 7th December, based on Punjab Revenue Act, 1887
2. Punjab Revenue Act 1887, before integration, was applicable to Punjab, N.W.F.P (now
KPK) and to Baluchistan and Bahawalpur state with certain modifications, after integration,
it was extended to the District Kalat , Kharan, Makran and Lasbela.
3. The Land Revenue Act, 1967, define and prescribe the right and relation between the
state and the land-owners.
5. Tenancy Act, defines the relation between landowners and tenants.
6. Revenue courts are bound to follow the rules of C.P.C.
7. Maintenance of Record-of-Rights in cities and town is also a function of Board of
Revenue.
8. After Disintegration of One Unit each Province has now its own Board of Revenue.
9. The Board of Revenue is the controlling authority in all matters connected with the
administration of land, collection of Land Revenue, preparation of Land Records and other
matters relating to thereto.
10. The Board of Revenue is the highest Court of Appeal and Revision in revenue cases in
the Province.
11. It is not permissible for the Revenue Courts to go behind the decision of Civil Courts.
Terms defined in the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1967, are following:-
1.Land - The world Land has not been defined in this Act, but under the Punjab Tenancy
Act,1887 it means" any land occupied or let for the agricultural purpose or for the purpose
subservient to the agricultural or for the pasture, and includes the sites or building and
other structure on such land "
2. Agricultural Year -the year commencing on the first day of July, or on such other date
as the Board of Revenue, appoint for any specified area.
4. Assessment Circle- Group of estates which in the opinion of the Board of Revenue,
sufficiently homogeneous to admit of a common set of rates being used as a general guide
in calculating the land-revenue to be assessed upon them.
5. Board of Revenue - The Board of Revenue established under the Board of Revenue Act,
1957. (West Pakistan Act XI of 1957)
6.Boundary Mark - Any object or mark, whether natural or artificial, which is set up,
employed or specified by any authorized Revenue Officer to designate the boundary of any
portion of land.
7. Commencement - the day/date on which this Act or any provision thereof, comes into
operation.
8. Defaulter - Person liable for payment of land-revenue, and includes a person who is
responsible as surety for payment, do not pay it on the date, they become defaulters.
9. Encumbrance – Burdens or charges upon or claim against land, arising out of a private
grant or contract.
10. Estate – Any area for which a separate record-of-rights has been made; or which has
been separately assessed to land-revenue; or which the Board of Revenue, declare to be an
estate.
11. Holding - A share or portion of an estate held by one land-owner or jointly by two or
more land-owners.
12. Irrigated Land - Land irrigated by a canal, tube well, well, lift, spring, tank or by any
other artificial means of irrigation
13. Unirrigated Land- land other than irrigated land, and includes land fed by rains,
floods, hill torrents, and uncultivable or waste land.
14.Landlord - a person under whom a tenant holds land, and whom the tenant is, or a
lessor.
15. Land Owner – a person whom a holding has been is transferred or an estate or holding
has been let in farm, but exclude a tenant.
17. Land-Revenue – "Land-revenue assessed or assessable under the Land Revenue Act,
or under any other law for the time being in force relating to land-revenue, and includes any
rates imposed on account of increase in the value of land due to irrigation”.
18.Tenant - A person who holds land under another person, and is, or but for a special
contract would be, liable to pay rent for that land to that other person, and includes the
predecessors and successors-in-interest of such person, but does not include a mortgagee
of the rights of a land-owner.
Or
A person who takes from Government a lease of unoccupied land for the purpose of
subletting it.
19.Tenancy - a parcel of land held by a tenant under one lease or one set of conditions.
20. Legal Practitioner - Any legal practitioner within the meaning of the Legal
Practitioners Act, 1879 (Act XVIII of 1879), except a Mukhtar and Revenue Agents.
21. Net Assets – The Profit after all expenses of cultivation (including water rates ) but
before payment of Land Revenue and cesses.
25. Rates and Cesses - Primarily payable by land-owners by the authority of Government;
village officers‟ cess ; and any sum payable on account of village expenses.
27. Revenue Court - Court constituted as such under the law relating to tenancy as in
force for the time being.
28. Revenue Officer -Having authority under this Act to discharge the function of a
Revenue Officer.
29. Service Centres - The Computerized Service Centre established by the Board of
Revenue.
30. Service Centre Official – A Person appointed as the Service Centre Official.
31. Survey Mark - Any mark set up by the Department of Survey of Pakistan.
33. Village Officer - Any person appointed under this Act whose duty it is to collect, or to
supervise the collection of, the revenue of an estate.
1. Mussavie (Index Map) : Geographic data is recorded on special kind of paper maps for
each village.These are known as the Mussavies .These are surveyed paper maps at different
scales depending upon village area, normally at a scale of 1”=40 Karam .The measuring
unit on Mussavies is“karam”. Mussavies are developed at the time of settlement. No
changes can be made in this record set till next settlement.
2. Shajrah Parcha /Latha/Kapra :The reflection mussavie on big cotton cloth map is
known as “latha” or “kapra”. This record set is primarily kept by patwari of the village, who
makes temporal changes like splitting or merging of land parcels. (usually with a red
pencil)
6.Khasra Girdawari: It is the crop inspection register, wherein entry of every crop
cultivated in every Khasra number (per acre) is made after spot visit by the Patwari in
presence of Lambardar (Village headman) and other interested persons. It also indicates
ownership, person cultivating and the crop sown on the land. It is made twice in a year i.e.
for crops of Kharif (October) and Rabi (March).
7. Roaznamchah (Diary): It is a daily report register in which all important daily events
are written like crop health, pesticide attack on crop, land transfer or mutation, village
boundary benchmark(SehHadda) status and other similar activities.
According To the Land Revenue Act , 1967,Ordinary Expenses of Cultivation - include
payments, if any, which the land-owner customarily bears, whether in kind or in cash, and
in whole or in part, in respect of:-
The Land Reforms Act, 1977 came into force on 9 January, 1977.
The Provincial Assembly passed amendments to the Land Revenue Act, 1967 in March
2007.
The Patwar system was first introduced during the short but eventful rule of Sher Shah
Suri and the system was further enhanced by Akbar.
The first significant attempt at redistributive land reforms was undertaken by the military
regime of Ayub Khan in 1959.
Land Records Management & Information Systems is a major project of the Government
of Punjab being executed by the Board of Revenue with financial assistance of World Bank.
The first computerise project, named as Participatory Information System (PIS) was
initiated in the Balochistan.
The Support to Devolution Reforms in Balochistan Project (SDRB, formerly known as
Balochistan Trial District Management Project), funded by UNDP, aimed to support
decentralisation in Balochistan Province.
"Tahsil" meaning "revenue generating; collection" and "dar", Persian for "holder of a
position", together meaning tax collector. "Tahsil" derived from Arabic.
There are two principal crop seasons in Pakistan namely “Kharif”, with sowing beginning
in April and harvest between October and December and “Rabi” beginning in October-
December and ending in April-May. Rice, sugar cane, cotton, maize and millet are Kharif
crops, while wheat, gram, tobacco, rapeseed, barley and mustard are Rabi crops.
A village‟s common land is called Shamilot.
Genealogical tree of the land owner s is called Shajra Nasb.
For mutation process Halqua Patwari resorts in prescribed form called P-1
Certified copies of land records can be obtained by applying in form CA-1.
Amalgamation and redistribution of all or any of the land to reduce the number of plots in
the holding consolidation. Consolidation also called Chak Bandi.
The Court Fee Act, 1870 is a fiscal enactment with primary object to secure the revenue.
Court fee is charged at the rate of 7.5% of the value of suit subject to maximum of Rs.15,
000/. All revenue and civil suits with value of less than Rs.25, 000/- are exempt from court
fee.
Khasra Girdawri is conducted by Patwari in the months of October, February and April.
The first six monthly inspection of crops in the month of October called Kharif Girdawri ; the
second inspection of crops in the month of February is called Rabbi Girdawri and Girdawri
done during the month of April is called Zaid Girdawri.
Punjab Assembly passed The Punjab Land Revenue (Abolition) Act 1998 on 6th February,
1998. This Act was published in Punjab Gazette on 24 February, 1998. There are 197 pages
in The Punjab Land Revenue (Abolition) Act 1998. Section 2 & 3 of The Punjab Land
Revenue (Abolition) Act 1998 have abolished the Land revenue
Land which remained unsown for eight successive harvests is called Banjar qadim.
Land which remained unsown for four successive harvests is called Banjar jaded.
Senior Member Board of Revenue is Chairman of Board of Revenue or Chief Land
Commissioner.
Kanugos, Patwaris, Kotars and Lambardars are called Village Officers.
A portion of land of which the area is separately entered under an indicative number in
the Record of Rights is called Khasra Number.
Cultivated land is classified into Seven types.
The register of crops inspection is called Khasra Girdawari.
The Periodical record is prepared once in every Four years.
Khewat is the name of list of owner‟s holding.
Land administration is “the regulatory framework, institutional arrangements, systems
and processes that encompass the determination, allocation, administration and information
concerning land.
The Land Administration System (LAS) in Pakistan is organized on the traditional system
of Land registers and maps.
Khatauni is prepared by patwari.
Record of Khatauni is kept under the custody of Halqua patwari.
Lord Dufferin was the Viceroy of India at the time of enforcement of Punjab Tenancy Act,
1887.
A person liable for an arrear of Land Revenue is called Defaulter.
An area for which a separate record-of-Rights has been made is called Estate.
A piece of cloth on which the village map is drawn showing the position and boundaries of
every field is know as Shajra Parcha.
Lal Kitab is prepared for each Estate. Village note book is also known asLal Kitab.
Sher Shah Suri introduced land record system in subcontinent first time. Land record
system was introduced in subcontinent in 1540.
Khatauni register is used for all persons cultivating or otherwise occupying land in a
village.Khatauni contains entries regarding Ownership, Cultivation and Various rights in
land.
Akbar's dahsala system is credited to Raja Todar Mal.
Raja Todar Mal served as a revenue officer under Sher Shah Suri.
British redesigned land record and revenue system in 1848.
The estimated average annual surplus produce of estate or group of estates remaining
after deduction of the ordinary expenses of cultivation is called Net Assets.
Ghalla Bakhshi (Crop-sharing): In some areas it was called bhaoli and batai.
The share was decided when the crop was still standing in the fields, and a division of the
field was marked is called Khet batai.
The crop was cut and stacked in heaps without separating grain and a division of crop in
this form was made? Lang batai
The word kankut is derived from the words kan and kat. Kan denotes grain while kat
means to Estimate.
Sher Shah Suri had established a Rai or per bigha yield for lands which were under
continuous cultivation.
"If the peasant does not have the strength to bear Zabti, the practice of taking a third of
the crop as revenue is followed."
The statement of customs respecting rights or liabilities in the estate is called Wajib-ul-
Arz.
The report for mutation to the Patwari must be made within time of three months.
What is the penalty for encroachment on any village road? imprisonment for three months
The Board of Revenue is the custodian of the rights of Land holders.
Ryotwari system was introduced by Sher Shah Suri for purpose of Land revenue. The
revenue department during Sher Shah Suri was headed by a Wazir.
In the absence of fixation of inspection date by Board of Revenue, the inspection of Kharif
harvest shall commence on1st October.
In the absence of fixation of inspection date by Board of Revenue, the inspection of Rabi
harvest shall commence on1st March.
In the absence of fixation of inspection date by Board of Revenue the inspection of Extra
Rabi (Zaid Rabi) harvest shall commence on 15th March.
A village note book or Lal Kitab shall be prepared for each Estate.
A portion of crop which has failed to come to maturity is called Kharaba.
Board of Revenue Department maintained the land record in Pakistan.
Board of Revenue Departmen is the controlling authority in all matters connected with the
administration of land, collection of government dues including land taxes, land revenue,
preparation of land records and other matters relating thereto.
Lal Kitab comprises following statements Annual area, annual corps and annual revenue
account, Annual transfer of land and Annual sales and mortgages, assessment.
Fixing the amount of and imposing land revenue upon an estate is called Assessment.
Intiqal is the vernacular word for „mutation‟.
A group of estates forming a sub division of a district or Tehsil is called Pargana.
Akbar changed to a decentralised system of annual assessment, but this resulted in
corruption among local officials and was abandoned in 1580.Akbar replaced old revenue
system with a system called Dahsala.
In Pakistan how many books and registers are used for land record? 190 million
In Pakistan how many land owners are there?50 million
No changes can be made in this record-set till next settlement which is normally carried
out after every 30-35 years.
Field Book contains the details of measurement of each field e.g. its length, breadth,
diagonal detail, and worked out total area.
The work of Patwari is supervised by a Kanungo.The work of Kanungo is supervised by a
Naib tehsildar and Tehsildar.
How many registers are being used by patwari? 17
The mutation register is also known as the Register Dakhil Kharij.
The shape of land measurement or survey shall be based on square system or
rectangulation.
The khewat is the number of owner's holdings which should be arranged in the order in
which the names of owners are given in the village? genealogical tree
In the case of towns where the genealogical trees are not in existence, the order of
khewat number is governed by Khasra Numbers.
Jamabandi are kept under the custody of Patwari.
khasra girdhawari register is used for harvest inspections.
Certified copies of land records like Khatauni/Jamabandi & Kharsa Gurdhawari can be
obtained by any person of any revenue record available in the office of Tehsildar.
Square Measure
1 square foot = 0.093 square metre
1 square yard = 0.836 square metre
1 square mile = 2.59 square kilometre = 259 hectares
1 acre = 0.405 hectares
1 Acre = 4 Bigha 16 Biswa (4840 Sq.Yds)
1 Bigha = 20 Biswas (1008 Sq.Yds)
1 Biswa = 50 Sq.Yards
The following are the basic measurements of land used in Punjab, Pakistan and Punjab,
India in ascending order.
• 1 karam is 5.5 feet
• 1 marla is 9 Sq karams (272.25 sq ft)
• 1 kanaal is 20 marlas (5,445 sq ft)
• 1 keela is 8 kanaals (43,560 sq ft = 1 acre)
• 1 marabba is 25 keelas (1,089,000 sq ft = 25 acres)
A keela is measured rectangularly, reckoned as an area 36 karams x 40 karams, or 198 feet
x 220 feet = 43,560 square feet.
Kothis are measured in marlas and kanaals. Most are 2-4 kanaals but the big ones can be
anything from 4-6 kanaals.
A couple of older measures:
In land transaction the acre is often used to express areas of land. Land records are written
in metric system. An acre is approximately 40% of a hectare.
The measurement of agricultural land was carried in British Units. The units used for land
measurement were as follows:
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
9 Square Feet = 1 square yard
121Square yard = 1 Guntha
40 Gunthas = 1 acre
In so many village maps you might have seen scale as a for example 1Inch=10 Chain.
You have to convert chain into feet as follows:
1 Chain = 66 feet or 22 yards
10 chains = 1 furlong
1 furlong = 201.168 Metres
The land is now measured in Metric System using following decimal table.
1000 Millimeters = 1 Metre
100 Square Metres = 1 Are
100 Ares = 1 Hector
In 1958, the United States and countries of the Commonwealth of Nations defined the
length of the international yard to be 0.9144 meters. Consequently, the international acre is
exactly 4,046.8564224 square meters. Accordingly
1 Hector = 2.47 acres (approximately)
In the Village Form VII-XII when you read in the “area” column numbers for example
01-34-21 it means
01 = 10000 Square Metres
34 = 3400 Square Metres
21 = 21 Square Metres
Total = 13421 Square Metres
Conversion Table
1 Inch = 2.54 Centimetre
36 Inches = 1 yard
1 yard = 91.44 Centimetres
1 yard = 00.9144 Metres
1 Centimetre = 00.393 inches
100 Centimetres = 39.3 inches
1 Metre = 3.28 ft
1 acre = 1 furlong X 1 chain
1 acre = 660 ft X 66 ft
1 acre = 43560 Sq. ft.
1 acre = 4840 square yards
1 acre = 4046.8564224 Square Metres
1 hectare = 10,000 Square Metre
1 hectare = 107,639 sq ft
1 hectare = 11959.8 sq. yards (1 sq. yard = 0.83612736 sq. Metre)
1 hectare = 11959.8/4840 = 2.47 acre
The Central Board of Revenue (CBR) was created on April 01, 1924 through enactment of
the Central Board of Revenue Act, 1924. In 1944, a full-fledged Revenue Division was
created under the Ministry of Finance. After independence, this arrangement continued up
to 31st August 1960 when on the recommendations of the Administrative Re-organization
Committee, FBR was made an attached department of the Ministry of Finance. In 1974,
further changes were made to streamline the organization and its functions. Consequently,
the post of Chairman FBR was created with the status of ex-officio Additional Secretary and
Secretary Finance was relieved of his duties as ex-officio Chairman of the FBR.
By the enactment of FBR Act 2007 in July 2007 the Central Board of Revenue has now
become Federal Board of Revenue.
In the existing setup, the Chairman, FBR, being the executive head of the Board as well as
Secretary of the Revenue Division has the responsibility for (i) Formulation and
administration of fiscal policies,
(ii) Levy and collection of federal taxes and (iii) Quasi-judicial function of hearing of appeals.
His responsibilities also involve interaction with the offices of the President, the Prime
Minister, all economic Ministries as well as trade and industry.
The Member Facilitation and Taxpayer Education(FATE) is also official spokesperson of FBR.
The followings points describes the duties of revenue officers and officals.
1. Member (Revenue) is the Chief Controlling Authority for revenue matters in the Province
2. Commissioner is appointed by the Government for each Division and exercises control
over all the Revenue Officers and Courts in his division
3. Deputy Commissioner is appointed by the Government for each district. He is vested with
the ex-officio powers of Collector of the district. All Revenue Officers and Revenue Courts in
the district are subject to his control and superintendence
4. Assistant Commissioner exercises the powers of the sub-divisional Collector
5. Tehsildar is vested with the powers of Assistant Collector, 1st grade
6. Naib-Tehsildar is vested with the powers of Assistant Collector, 2nd grade
7. Kanungo supervises the work of the Patwaris in the Kanungoi
8. Patwari is the lowest functionary of the Revenue department. He maintains and updates
the records pertaining to his Patwar Circle
9. Patwari carries out field survey/crop inspection twice a year in the months of March
(Rabi) and October (Kharif)
Lambardar or headman is a person who is appointed by the District Collector under the Land
Revenue Act 1967. His duties include collection of land taxes of an revenue estate (mauza)
The Revenue Department also deals with the land acquisition matters. The power to take
the private property of individuals for public purposes is regulated by the LAND
ACQUISITION ACT, 1894. Salient features of the said Act/Steps for acquisition are :
1. Government shows its intention to acquire specific piece of land for a public purpose or
for a company through publication of notification in the official gazette and invites
objections against notification
2. After marking and measurement of the land to be acquired, notices are issued to persons
having rights/interests in the land inviting claims from them for compensation
3. Before possession of land is taken, award of compensation for the owners is announced
by the Collector after necessary enquiries
4. Compensation for acquired land is determined at its market value plus 15% in
consideration of compulsory nature of the acquisition for public purposes and 25% for a
company
5. A reference can be made by the Collector to Civil Court where any person affected by
land acquisition has not accepted the award by given the Collector
6. In case of urgency, Commissioner can make a declaration U/S 17(4)(6) directing the
Collector to take possession of the land needed for a public purpose before award of
compensation
Land means land which is not occupied by the site of a town, village, factory or industrial
establishment, and is occupied or has been or can be let for agricultural purpose allied or
subservient to agriculture and includes the sites of buildings and other structures on such
land.There are 10 main categories of land based on mode of Irrigation and type of soil i.e.
Chahi, Nul Chahi, Nehri, Nul Nehri, Sailabi, Abi, Barani, BanjarJadeed, Banjar Qadeem and
Ghair Mumkin
A settlement thus consists of : fixing the assessment; and framing the record of rights
1. The West Pakistan Land revenue Act enforced on_____ Dec 07,1967
2. The Punjab Land Revenue act is divided in to_______ chapters. 15
3. The Sections in the Punjab Land Revenue act 1967 are -------- 184
4. The schedules in Punjab Land Revenue act 1967 are-----------one
5. Lambardar is the most important functionary at _________ level. Village
6. Lambardar is given __ percent of Land Revenue which is called Pachotra. 5%
7. The West Pakistan Land revenue Act was passed on ------ 4th November 1967
8. The income a nation collects from Taxes is called ----------------revenue
9. Holdings of a land Lord is called _-------------- Khata
10. A list of Owner's holdings is called ---------------- Khewat Number
11. Survey Number is also called ---------------------Khasra Number
12. Village officers are---------------------Kanungo, Patwaries, Kotars, Lambardars,
13. Hereditary Lambardari system was abolished by----Supreme Court of Pakistan
14. Hereditary Lambardari system was abolished by SC in ------------2002
15. What is the period of limitation an Appeal before Collector--------------30 days
16. What is the period of limitation an Appeal before Commissioner--------60 days
17. What is the period of limitation an Appeal before Board of revenue----90 days
18. The types of revenue officers are---------------------------------------------- 5
19. Revenue Administration of a Tehsil is entrusted to------------------Tehsildar
20. Inspection of Harvest is called ---------------------------------------------- Girdawri
21. What is Shajra Kishtwar? The map of a village showing the position and boundary of
every field.
22. Under which section of Land Revenue Act 1967 mutation is laid down---- 42
23. The post next higher to Patwari is -------------------------------- Kanungo
24. The register of crops inspection is called ---------------------- Khasra Girdawri.
25. What is the vernacular word for mutation?----------------------------- Intiqal
26. When the period of Khareef Crops starts in Pakistan?--------------May and June
27. When the period of Khareef Crops ends in Pakistan? --September and October
28. The Assessment of Land revenue remains in force for ------- years. 25
29. What is Karam? -------------------------------------------- Unit of Length
30. What is Sarsahi? -------------------------------------------- Unit of Area
31. Un irrigated Land which depends on rainfall for cultivation is called --- Barani
32. Un irrigated Lands which are affected by flooding or moisture of rivers are called---------
--- Sailabi
33. The Land which is irrigated by canals is called ---------------------------- Nehri
34. The Land which is irrigated from water of the Wells is called------------ Chahi
35. Land which is irrigated from water of the Tube Wells is called--Nul-Chahi
36. The land which is irrigated from two sources; 1.from wells & 2. from canals is called ----
------- Chahi-Nehri
37. The land which is irrigated from tanks, jhils, streams, springs or kareezes is called ------
------ Abi
38. The land which is irrigated from hill torrents is called -- Rod-Kohi or Bandeza
39. The Land which remains un-sown for 4 to 11 harvests is called --Banjar Kham
40. The Land which remains un-sown for twelve harvests is called ---Banjar Jadid
41. The statement of customs respecting rights or liabilities in the estate is called------------
-------- Wajib-ul-Arz
42. A village note book is prepared for each---------------------------- Estate
43. A village note book is also called ----------------------------- Lal Kitab
44. The period of Rabbi crops starts in Pakistan in the months of -------Oct & Nov
45. Period of Rabbi crops ends in --------------------------- April & May
46. Low lying land near rivers is called ------------------------ Khadir
47. A portion of crop which has failed to come to maturity is called ------ Kharaba
48. A surcharge of 5 % on the revenue paid to village Headman is called -Pachotra
49. The deputy of Tehsildar is known as---------------------------- Naib Tehsildar
50. What is Parta? The assessment rate for land revenue is called -------------Parta
51. What is vernacular word for Killa?----------------------------------- Karam
52. The report for mutation to the Patwari must be made with in------ three months
53. The book which contains the details of measurement of each field is called----------------
-- Field Book
54. All the Mussavis of a village are drawn on a cloth (Lattha) by Patwari is called------------
Shajra Kishtwar
55. Register Haqdaran-e- Zamin contains information about-------ownership, tenancy,
khasra number,source of irrigation
56. Khatauni are kept in custody of ---------------Halqua Patwari
57. Khatauni contains information about------------ Ownership, cultivation, rights in Land
58. Khatauni is revised after every ------------- years. 4 Years
59. Khatauni is prepared by ------------------------Patwari
60. The register of all persons cultivating or otherwise occupying land in a village is called---
----------Khatauni.
61. Section-22 deals with--------- Power of revenue officer to summon persons to give
evidence and produce documents.
62. Section 23 deals with --------- Summons to be in writing signed & sealed
63. Section 24 deals with --------- mode of service of Summons
64. Section 26 deals with --------- mode of making proclamation
65. Section 28 deals with --------- Language of Revenue officer
66. Section 30 deals with --------- power of revenue officers to enter upon any Land/
premises for purpose of measurement.
67. Section 32 deals with --------- proceeding held on Holidays
68. Section 36 deals with --------- rules regulating appointment of village officers
69. Section 37 deals with --------- village officer cess
70. Section 41 deals with ---------periodical records
71. Section 44 deals with -------------- Determination of disputes
72. Section 46 deals with -------------- Mutation Fees
73. Section 48 deals with -------------- Penalty
74. Section 49 deals with ------------- Rights of Govt, in Mines and Minerals
75. Section 56 deals with ------------- Assessment of Land Revenue
76. Section 56-A deals with ---------- Exemption of Land Revenue
77. Section 57 deals with ----------------- Basis of assessment
78. Section 58 deals with ----------------- Limits of assessment
79. Section 80 deals with ---------------- Process for recovery of Arrears.
80. Section 81 deals with ---------------- Notice of Demand
81. Which Law has abolished Land Revenue in the Province of Punjab? --------------- The
Punjab Land Revenue (Abolition) Act 1998.
82. When was The Punjab Land Revenue (Abolition) Act 1998 passed? --------------- 6th Feb
1998.
83. Who passed The Punjab Land Revenue (Abolition) Act 1998? --------------------- Punjab
Assembly
84. When The Punjab Land Revenue (Abolition) Act 1998 was published in Punjab Gazette.?
------- 24 Feb 1998
85. How many Pages are there in The Punjab Land Revenue (Abolition) Act 1998? 197
86. Which sections of The Punjab Land Revenue (Abolition) Act 1998 have abolished the
Land revenue? ----- Section 2 & 3
87. Khasra Girdawri is conducted by-------------------- Patwari
88. Khasra Girdawri is conducted by Patwari in the months of ------------------ October,
February, April
89. The first six monthly inspection of crops in the month of October is called-------------
Kharif Girdawri
90. The second inspection of crops in the month of February is called ------------------------
Rabbi Girdawri.
91. Girdawri done during the month of April is called ------------- Zaid Girdawri.
92. Amalgamation and redistribution of all or any of the Land to reduce the number of plots
in the holding---- Consolidation
93. Consolidation is also called --------------------- Chak-Bandi
94. certified copies of Land records can be obtained by applying in Form--------------------
CA-1
95. For mutation process Halqua Patwari reports in prescribed form called---------------- P-1
96. Jamabandi is revised after how many years?------------------- 4 years
97. Sale of the holding of the defaulter for recovery of Arrears is laid down in Section--------
-------- 88
98. Genealogical tree of the Land owners is called-------------------- Shajra Nasb
99. A village's common Land is called------------------------ Shamilat
100. Kharif is also know as--------------------- Autumn Harvest & Rabbi is known as----------
Spring Harvest.
Land Administration
It includes:-
• The determination and conditions of approved uses of land
• The adjudication of rights and their registration via titling
• The recording of land transaction and
• The estimation of value and taxes based on land and property.
Legislative Framework
There are several Laws and Acts that deal with the land, relationship between landlord and
tenants, mortgagor and mortgagee, assessment and collection of land tax, agriculture
income tax, local rates, and land acquisition for public purposes.
2. NWFP Tenancy Act 1887: All the provinces have adopted this Act. It deals with the
relationship of landlord and tenants regarding produce of land and ejection of tenants due to
non-payment of rent or produce by the tenant to the landlords. It is the only legislation
which deals with various aspects of tenancy rights in Pakistan.
3. Pre-Emption Act: This law has become operative by revenue department after
promulgation of para-25 of the Martial law Regulation (MLR-115) in 1972 which has given
the first right of pre-emption to a tenant. Normal cases of pre-emption of land are dealt
with by the civil courts. The revenue courts entertain only those cases in which a tenant
brings a pre-emption suit. Pre-emption laws give certain preferential rights to neighbours in
matters of sale of land.
4. Land Acquisition Act: This act deals with acquisition of land needed for public purpose
and determining the amount of compensation to be paid on account of such acquisition.
Whenever any land is acquired by the government for any public purpose or by a company,
the proceedings are undertaken by the District Collector under the jurisdiction of this Act.
5. Registration Act 1908: This act deals with the registration of various documents
(including those relating to land) with registration authorities. Normally revenue officers are
declared as registration authorities. Under this act various documents are executed and
registered in the office of Sub-Registrar like sale deeds, mortgage deeds, lease deeds,
power of attorneys, partnership deeds, and other deeds. Deeds are entered in the relevant
registers after the documents are properly stamped, checked and duly witnessed.
6. Land Consolidation Act 1960: In order to achieve better agriculture yields, the
government has passed a law known as Land Consolidation Act 1960. The purpose of this
act is that with the consent of the land owners, exchange of land takes place in a
consolidated shape. It provides law relating to consolidation of holdings and the matter
incidental thereto.
7. Transfer of Property Act 1982: This act deals with the transfer, sale/mortgages
charges, leases exchanges, and actionable claims in respect of property. This is very
important piece of legislation in terms of disputes, but is normally ignored in land matters.
8. Land Reforms Act: The Land Reforms Laws have been introduced at various stages
including the MLR-64 on 7.2.1959, MLR-115 on 12.3.1972 and Land Reforms Act: II on
5.1.1977. The main aim of these land reforms was to determine the individual holdings to a
manageable size for improving the lot of peasantry. This act gives rights to „tenant-in-
possession‟ of a certain property. Several rules and manuals are also available in order to
implement above acts. These include:
Bhaichara Village :-Village where all claimants of landholdings were perceived to be the
joint holders of the village
Deh:- Smallest Administrative Division of land (in sindh) for Land Revenue purposes
Jagirdari:-Possession of 'Jagir'
Jagirs:-Land awarded by colonial officers on which Revenue was not due
Laapo:- Share of crop belonging to 'Zamindar', equivalent To 1/16th of Total Crop Produce
Mahal:- Smallest Administrative Division of Land (In Punjab And Nwfp) for Land Revenue
Purposes; Village
Mahalwari:-Land Revenue System In Punjab And Nwfp, based on recognizing the village as
the Basic unit of Land Administration
Pattidari:-Land on Claim
Ryot/ Raiyat:-Cultivator
Sardar:-Chief of Tribe
Zamindar:-Landlord
2).FOREST AREA:-The area of any land administered as forest under any legal enactment
dealing with forest. Any cultivated area which may exist within such forests is shown under
heading cultivated area.
3).AREA NOT AVAILABLE FOR CULTIVATION:-The uncultivated area of the farm which
is under farm homesteads, farm roads and other connected purposes and not available for
cultivation.
4).CULTURABLE WASTE:-The uncultivated area which is fit for cultivation but was not
cropped under the year of reference nor in the year before that.
6).CULTIVATED AREA:-Area which was sown at least during the year under reference or
the previous year.
7).NET AREA SOWN:-Areas which is sown at least once (Kharif and Rabi) the year under
reference.
8).TOTAL CROPPED AREA:-The aggregate area of crops raised in a farm during the year
under reference including the area under fruit trees..
According to Land Revenue Act 1976, the Government may, by notification specifies
/declares as many with such limits and such areas, or can vary the number and limits
Divisions in Pakistan
In Auguest 2000 ,division wrere abolished , as an administrative tier by the government of
president Pervez Musharraf . At the time of abolition, there were:
In 2008, after the public elections, the new democratic government restores the divisions of
all provinces.
Districts in Pakistan
Total Districts in Pakistan= 134+ Islamabad Capital Territory+7 Tribal Agencies + 6
Frontier Regions
District of Balochistan = 30
Districts Punjab = 36
Districts of Sindh = 26
District of KPK = 25
• Districts of Punjab(36)
1. Attock
2. Bahawalnagar
3. Bahawalpur
4. Bhakkar
5. Chakwal District
6. Dera Ghazi Khan
7. Faisalabad
8. Gujranwala
9. Gujrat
10. Hafizabad
11. Jhang
12. Jhelum
13. Kasur
14. Khanewal
15. Khushab
16. Lahore
17. Layyah
18. Lodhran
19. Mandi Bahauddin
20. Mianwali
21. Multan
22. Muzaffargarh
23. Narowal
24. Nankana Sahib*
25. Okara
26. Pakpattan
27. Rahim Yar Khan
28. Rajanpur
29. Rawalpindi
30. Sahiwal
31. Sargodha
32. Sheikhupura
33. Sialkot
34. Toba Tek Singh
35. Vehari
36. Chiniot
1. Badin
2. Dadu
3. Ghotki
4. Hyderabad
5. Jacobabad
6. Jamshoro
7. Karachi Central
8. Karachi East
9. Karachi South
10. Karachi West
11. Malir
12. Kashmore
13. Khairpur
14. Larkana
15. Matiari
16. Mirpurkhas
17. Naushahro Firoze
18. Shaheed Benazirabad
19. Qambar Shahdadkot
20. Sanghar
21. Shikarpur
22. Sukkur
23. Tando Allahyar
24. Tando Muhammad Khan
25. Tharparkar
26. Thatta
• Districts Of KPK(25)
1. Abbottabad
2. Bannu
3. Batagram
4. Buner
5. Charsadda
6. Chitral
7. Dera Ismail Khan
8. Hangu
9. Haripur
10. Karak
11. Kohat
12. Kohistan
13. Lakki Marwat
14. Lower Dir
15. Malakand
16. Mansehra
17. Mardan
18. Nowshera
19. Peshawar
20. Shangla
21. Swabi
22. Swat
23. Tank
24. Upper Dir
25. Tor Ghar
• Districts of Balochistan(30)
1. Awaran
2. Barkhan
3. Bolan
4. Chagai
5. Dera Bugti
6. Gwadar
7. Harnai
8. Jafarabad
9. Jhal Magsi
10. Kalat
11. Kech (Turbat)
12. Kharan
13. Kohlu
14. Khuzdar
15. Killa Abdullah
16. Killa Saifullah
17. Lasbela
18. Loralai
19. Mastung
20. Musakhel
21. Nasirabad
22. Nushki
23. Panjgur
24. Pishin
25. Quetta
26. Sherani
27. Sibi
28. Washuk
29. Zhob
30. Ziarat
1. Ghanche
2. Skardu
3. Astore
4. Diamer
5. Ghizer
6. Gilgit
7. Hunza-Nagar
1. Muzaffarabad
2. Hattian
3. Neelum
4. Mirpur
5. Bhimber
6. Kotli
7. Poonch
8. Bagh
9. Haveli
10. Sudhnat.
1. The Commissioner
The commissioner exercises control over all the revenue officers and courts in his division
and is himself subject to the general superintendence and control of the Financial
Commissioner, who, under the Revenue Member of Government, is the head of the revenue
administration.
Performs large number of functions at district level , has been entrusted in following
capacities As:
The duties of Tahsildar in his tahsil are almost manifold as those of the Deputy Commissiner
within his distric t, but he is not expected to hear any civil suits, and invested with the
power of Magistrate Second Class
Village Officers:
1. Kanungos,
2. Patawris,
3. Service Centre Officials
4. Zabits
5. Kotars or Tapedars,
6. Peons,
7. Arbabs,
8. Rais
9. Headmen (Lambardars)..
AQUSITION ACT 1984
4. After the issuance of notification with in how many days objection to the acquisition can
be raised?
Ans. 30 Days
5. Notification means
Ans. Act of giving Notice / Notification means a notification published under proper
Authority in official Gazette.
7. Objection against the acquisition of Land shall be made to in writing. Ans. Collector
8. Who is the competent to give final decision on the objections against acquisition of land?
Ans. Commissioner
9. Notification that a particular land is needed for a public purpose or for a company is laid
down under section
Ans.5
Q. What is Aks-Shajra?
Answer: Aks-Shajra means image of a specific piece of land/specific khasra number from
the map of an estate or village defining its boundaries.
Q.7. What is the name of the document, which creates title in immovable
property?
Answer:- Register Sale Deed(Registry /Baye-Nama)
Q.10. What law generally deals with the real estate in Pakistan?
Answer:- 1)The Transfer of Property Act 1882, 2) Land Revenue Act 1967, 3) Stamp Act
1899 and 4) Registration Act 1908..
Functions of Colonies
1. Administration and Management of State Land
2. Disposal of State Land, through sale, lease and exchange
3. Transfer of State Land to Provincial Government Departments free of cost for public
purposes
4. Transfer of State Land to Federal Government and Autonomous Bodies at market price
plus 10% surcharge
Functions Of Consolidation
1. To consolidate scattered holdings of landowners in compact blocks to make land-use
more productive and meaningful
2. To reduce the number of plots of land of the right holders of a Revenue Estate by
consolidating scattered Chunks of their land into minimum number of compact blocks
3. To prepare an up-dated record of right holders for use by the Revenue Department/right
holders
4. To eject illegal /un-authorized occupants of Government state land
5. To carve out new paths besides retaining the old paths where necessary for improving
the communication between the villages and also to earmark/reserve/provide tracts of land
for general utility purpose /welfare like graveyard, playgrounds, schools, health centers and
new water ways for better irrigation with a view to achieve maximum increase of
productivity/cultivation
Categories of Land
1.Lower Chenab Canal System (LCC) :-Irrigates land in Districts Toba Tek Singh, part of
Jhang, Hafizabad, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura and Faisalabad, from Chenab river at Ramnagar
in the Gujranwala district.
3.Multan Branch Canal:-Irrigates lands in Districts Multan, Khanewal and Lodhran, from
the Sidhnai reach of the Ravi River in the Multan district.
4.Khadiar Branch Canal:-Irrigates land in District Sargodha and Jhang, from the Chenab
River at Chiniot in the Jhang district.
Levis of Land
Settlement is the process by which the Government determined the rates and account of
land-revenue payable to it by the persons in whom it recognized a permanent right to
occupy and till the land or arrange for its tillage.