Assignment I

(to be submitted in tutorial class by September 13, 2019)

1. For non-zero a1 , a2 , . . . , an and for α1 , α2 , . . . , αn such that αi 6= αj for i 6= j, show that

the equation a1 eαi x + a2 eα2 x + · · · + an eαn x = 0 has at most n − 1 real roots.

2. Show that xn = a has at most one real positive root if n is a positive integer.

3. If φ(x) = f (x) + f (1 − x), x ∈ [0, 1] and f 00 (x) < 0 for all x ∈ [0, 1], show that φ is
increasing on [0, 1/2] and decreasing on [1/2, 1].

4. Let α, β, γ be three real numbers such that α + β + γ = 0. If f1 , f2 and f3 are three

continuous functions on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b) such that fi (a) 6= fi (b) for
i = 1, 2, 3, then there exists a point c in (a, b) such that

γ α β
f10 (c) + f20 (c) + f30 (c) = 0.
f1 (b) − f1 (a) f2 (b) − f2 (a) f3 (b) − f3 (a)

5. Let a ∈ R. Prove that if f and g are differentiable functions with f 0 (x) ≤ g 0 (x) for
every x in some interval containing a and if f (a) = g(a), then f (x) ≤ g(x) for every
x ≥ a.

6. Suppose f be continuous on [0,2] and differentiable on (0,2) and satisfies f (0) = 0,

f (2) = 2. Prove that there exist c ∈ (0,2) such that f 0 (c) = f (c)
1
.

7. (i) f : [0, 1] → R be continuous function on [0,1], differentiable on (0,1) and such

that f 0 (x) − f (x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ [0, 1] and f (0) = 0. Prove that f (x) ≥ 0 for all
x ∈ [0, 1].
(ii) Let f be continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b) and f (x) 6= 0 on (a,b).
Prove that there exist c ∈ (a,b) such that

f 0 (c) 1 1
= + .
f (c) a−c b−c

8. Prove that (1 − x1 )x is monotonic increasing for x > 0.

9. Find the value of a if the following limit is finite

ex − aex cos x
lim .
x→0 x − sin x

What is the value of this limit?

10. If f is differentiable on I := [a, b] and if k is a number between f 0 (a) and f 0 (b), then
there is at least one point c ∈ (a, b) such that f 0 (c) = k.

11. Use Mean Value Theorem to prove or disprove the following: π 3 > 3π
3 √
12. Calculate c in Mean value theorem for f (x) = (1 + x) 2 and g(x) = 1 + x on [0, 12 ].

13. Find all pairs of integers a and b satisfying 0 < a < b and ab = ba .
 ex −1 3 sin x−sin 3x 4


14. Evaluate lim 4
x→0 x sin x cos x−cos 3x

15. Find the Taylor polynomial of degree n about x0 with remainder of Lagrange’s form
for the following function:

(i) f (x) = sin x, degree n = 3, centered at x0 = π/6.

(ii) f (x) = x1 , degree n = 4, centered at x0 = 1.

16. Prove that ∀x > 0,

n
X 1 1 1
k
= log(1 + ) − , where 0 <  < .
k=1
k(x + 1) x (n + 1)(x + 1)n x

17. Expand the following polynomial with respect to the given power.

(i) x5 + x3 + x in powers of x + 2.
(ii) x5 − 5x4 + 6x3 − 3x2 − 4x + 5 in powers of x − 3.

18. Suppose P2 (x) be the second degree Taylor polynomial for f (x) centered at x = 10 and
|f 000 (x)| ≤ 3 for any x. Estimate the absolute value of the remainder term in Lagrange’s
form.

19. Let a function f : [a, ∞) → R be twice differentiable on [a, ∞) and there exists positive
real numbers A√and B such that |f (x)| ≤ A, |f 00 (x)| ≤ B for all x ∈ [a, ∞). Prove
that |f 0 (x)| ≤ 2 AB for all x ∈ [a, ∞).
xn
20. Let Bn be the n-th Bernoulli number defined as the coefficients of n!
in the Taylor
series expansion of exx−1 about the origin. Show that for n ≥ 1,

n−1  
X n+1
(n + 1)Bn = − Bk .
k=0
k