AVHS .

AP Chemistry
Bonding: General Goncepts
STUDY SUESTION$
l. Classify the following substances as covalent molecules or ionic compounds:
a. MgO c. LiCl
b. NIr d. SF+
2. How many valence electrons do the following atomq or ions have? Write their Lewis symbols.
a. Ca c. Mg'*
b.s d. c4-
3. Which of the following molecules do not obey the octet rule?
a. AlClr e. SFo
b. PCI: f. BeClz
c. PCls g. NOz
d. SiCl+ h. XeF+

4. Order the following salts in increasing lattice energy?

CaS, MgO, KCl, CsI, NaF

5. Draw Lewis electon dot structures for the following molecules. What is the hybridization of the
central atom.
a. BCh
b. ClOz-
c. SFr
d. OCS

6. Assign formal charges to all the atoms in the following species:

a. chlorite ion ClOz-
b. hydroxylamine HONH2
c. phosphorous acid H:POI

7. Use the following datato estimate the lattice energy of KCI(s)

Electron Affinity of Cl -349 kJ/mol

Enthalov of sublimation for Na 107.3 kJ/mol
lonization enerev of K 419 Hlmol
Bond energY - Clz 239 kJlmol
AHTKCI(s) Kk) + 1/z
Clzk) ) KClk) -437 kJlmol
8. When ethanol burns in air, heat is released. Estimate the enthalpy of combustion of ethanol vapor
AHo from the average bond energies listed in Table 8.4 and then use the thermochemical data in
Chapter 6 (Appendix 4) to calculate the same thing. Compare the two values obtained.

9. What is the bond order of the listed bonds in the following molecules or ions?
a. C-O in carbonate ion c. O-O in oxygen in 02
b. C-O in acetic acid d. C-N in hydrogen cyanide
10. Draw possible resonance structures for
a. NOz-
b. HCOz'
c. NOzCI
11. What molecular shapes and bond angles are associated with the following electron pairs around the
cenfal atom?
a. 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone Pairs
b. 4 bonding pairs and I lone Pair
c. 3 bonding pairs and I lone Pair
d. 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone Pairs
e. 2 bonding pairs and 3 lone Pairs
f. 5 bonding pairs and I lone Pair

12. What shapes are the following molecules or polyatomic ions?

a. O: e. NOz*
b. GaHr f. CIO+'
c. SOzClz g. IF+'
d. XeO+ h. ClFz-

13. Determine whether the following molecules are polar or nonpolar:

a. CCle e. BFr
b. XeF+ f.
BeClz
c. PC15 e. SClz
d. pClr h. CSz