Dragnet Verbal Test 5

Solutions Booklet

Solutions
Each of the statements are either True or False or Cannot say. However, we are

interested only in the true statements.

True: The statement follows logically from the information contained in the passage.

False: The statement is logically false from the information contained in the
passage. Cannot Say: It is not possible to determine whether the statement is true or
false without further information.
 Open-source software should not be confused with freeware, or software that is
available to install free of charge. While most open-source software is free, there
are many other criteria – namely that the source code must be available to the
general public via an open-source license, and that anyone is allowed to modify it.
Any modifications made must also be distributed under the same terms as the
original software. Proponents of the open-source movement believe this
collaborative development methodology results in quicker improvements and
software that can be easily adapted to users’ needs. Financial savings are another
main benefit of open-source software. Because numerous programmers are able to
identify and fix problems, advocates believe open-source software is more reliable
than proprietary software.

The majority of commercial software protects its source code to prevent competitors
from developing a competing product. By only making a compiled, ready-to-run
version available, software manufacturers retain full control over their product,
which they argue ensures higher levels of quality and security. End-users must
purchase a license fee, and typically benefit from a warranty and technical support.
Although open-source software does not charge license fees to fund its
development, it does not follow that it cannot be commercially viable. Developers
can charge for installation, training and technical support. Alternatively, licenses for
add-ons and additional software may be sold.

Q1 Which two of these statements must be true?

(False) Open-source software is free

The second sentence states that “much” (not all) open-source software is available free
(False)Open-source software is not released under a license

The same sentence states that open-source is available to the public via “an open
source license”. Any modifications must also be distributed under the same terms as the
original software
(True) Open-source software provides financial savings
Very true – as seen in line 9 of the passage
(True) Open-source software is not the same as freeware

The passage states in line 1 that Open-source software should not be confused
with freeware

Q2 Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) Open-source software is of better quality than proprietary software

The Passage presents arguments both for and against this. The first paragraph highlights
“quicker improvements” and says that open-source software is “more reliable” than propriety
software. However, the second paragraph states controlling the source code ensures
“higher levels of quality”

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Graduate Standardisation Examination
 (Cannot say) Open-source software is developed collaboratively with propriety software
This idea was never discussed in the passage. The passage used collaboration in line 6 of the
passage to explain the consistent modification of the open source software by different people.

(True) Anyone is allowed to modify open-source software

Very true – as seen in line 4 of the passage

(True) No charges for modifications

The passage states that “Any modifications made must also be distributed under the
same terms as the original software”

Q3 Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) Open-source software is more flexible

The first paragraph states that open-source software “can be easily adapted to users’ needs”
(False) Technical support is not available for open-source software.
The second paragraph states, “Developers can charge for installation, training and technical
support”
(True) Developers can charge for installation
Very true, the passage states in the second paragraph that developers can charge for
installation
(False) Training and Installation must be free
Developers can charge for installation and training

Q4 Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) It is prohibited to modify free open-source software

While it is possible for anyone to modify open-source software, the first paragraph states:
“any modification made must also be distributed under the same terms as the original
software”
(Cannot say) Ready-to-run version prevents piracy
We were not told that specifically from the passage, though the second paragraph stated that
“This ready-to-run versions help software manufacturers to retain full control over their
product”
(False) All commercial software protects its source code
The passage states in the second paragraph that “The MAJORITY of commercial
software protects its source code
(True) Numerous programmers are able to and fix open source software problems
Very true – as seen in line of the passage
 Humans have hunted whales for thousands of years, but in the 18th and 19th
centuries whaling became an important industry, due to high demand for whale
oil. Even after industrialisation, whaling carried on at unsustainable levels and by
the mid-twentieth century whale populations had severely declined. The
International Whaling Commission (IWC) was established in 1946 to ensure the
conservation of whales and to oversee the development of the whaling industry.

In 1986, the IWC imposed a moratorium on commercial whaling to prevent the

extinction of endangered whale species. As a result of the ban, whale stocks have
recovered and thus some countries advocate the lifting of restrictions. Using
loopholes in the moratorium, Japan, Norway and Iceland currently engage in
commercial whaling and vigorously defend the practice as part of their cultural
heritage. Anti-whaling activists, however, oppose whaling on ethical grounds. They
argue that whales remain vulnerable, and that whales’ intelligence gives them
intrinsic value.

So intense is the whaling debate that the IWC, which requires a 75% vote to
overturn the ban, has reached a stalemate. Even within nations backing a return to
commercial whaling the issue is divisive. Not only has demand for whale meat
declined, whale-watching has become a popular tourist activity, and an end to
restrictions could threaten this profitable industry.

Q5 Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) The IWC regulate both commercial and environmental interests.

The last sentence of the first paragraph states that “(IWC) was established in 1946 to
ensure the conservation of whales and to oversee the development of the whaling industry.
(Cannot say) Industrialisation led to reduced demand for whale oil
This is implied by the phrase “even after industrialisation” but is important not to let
knowledge gained outside of the passage influence your answer. Nowhere does the passage
specifically state that industrialisation reduced the demand of whale oil
(False) IWC was established in 1946 to ensure the conservation of whales
IWC was not only done to ensure the conservation of whales but also to oversee the
development of the whaling industry.
(True) The ban placed in 1986 helped whale stocks to recover
Very true – as seen in line 7 of the passage

Q6 Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) Japan, Norway and Iceland are the only nations in favour of repealing the ban
While the second paragraph states that these nations are currently engaging in whaling,
it does not follow that these are the only nations seeking to repeal the ban

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(Cannot say) Anti-whaling activists, however, oppose whaling on ethical and religious grounds
Line 12 of the passage states that “Anti-whaling activists, oppose whaling on ethical
grounds. The passage does not tell us if it was also opposed on religious grounds

(True) Restrictions could disturb the profitability of whale watching

Very true – as seen in the last line of the passage

(True) IWC ensures conservation and oversee whaling industry development

Very true – as seen in line 5 of the first paragraph

Q7 Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) The whaling ban has resulted in the recovery of all whaling populations
The second paragraph states that “as a result of the ban Whale stocks have
recovered”, but later in the paragraph it states that anti-whaling activists argue that
“whales remain vulnerable”
(True) There is no consensus even in nations backing a return to commercial whaling
The last paragraph states that “Even within nations backing a return to commercial
whaling the issue is divisive”
(Cannot say) Japan, Norway and Iceland are under sanction for lifting the ban
Though these countries engage in commercial whaling against the imposed
moratorium, There is no account of them being placed under sanction from the passage
(True) Anti-whaling activists believe that whales have intrinsic value
Very true – as seen in the last sentence of the second paragraph

Q8 Which two of these statements must be true?

(False) Most countries advocate the lifting of the ban

The passage states that “SOME countries advocate the lifting of restrictions”
(True) Arguably, whales are more valuable alive than dead
Very true – because the last paragraph cites Whale watching as a lucrative industry
(False)About 75% vote is required to overturn the ban
The last paragraph states SPECIFICALLY that “a 75% vote is required to overturn the
ban. About 75% could even be below 75%, but this is not what the passage states
(True) Demand for whale oil made whaling an important industry
The second line of the passage states that “whaling became an important industry, due
to high demand for whale oil.

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Graduate Standardisation Examination
 Groundwater is usually free of contaminants and does not require filtration, but it
often contain iron and other minerals that must be removed to soften the water.
Hard water contain ions called calcium and magnesium which render it unsuitable
for many purposes. When soap is used with hard water, it is precipitated by these
ions to form scum, so that more soap is required to produce lather.

Hard water is also undesirable in hot water systems because it deposits calcium
Carbonate and calcium sulphate inside pipes and boilers. This is known as
limescale. climate Ion-exchange is sometimes used to soften water.
Zeolites or ion-exchange resins which release positive ions and take up, in exchange, is
sometimes used to soften water. This involves zeolites or ion-exchange resins which
releases positive ions and take up, in exchange, the calcium and magnesium ions of
hard water. Another method of softening water is precipitation, where chemicals added
to hard water combines with the calcium and magnesium ions to form insoluble
precipitate that are easily removed.

Q9 Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) The ion content of hard water is increased by the soap
This idea was never brought up in the passage, what the passage states is that When soap
is used with hard water, it is precipitated by these ions to form scum, so that more soap is
required to produce lather

(Cannot say) Greater volumes of hard water than soft water are required in order to produce lather
Such comparism was never made in the passage

(True) The production of lather is influenced by the ion level of hard water
Yes, there is a relationship between lather precipitation and ions. The passage states that
“When soap is used with hard water, it is precipitated by these ions to form scum, so that more
soap is required to produce lather

(True) Calcium and magnesium ions precipitate soap to produce scum

Line 4 of the passage states “When soap is used with hard water, it is precipitated by these ions
to form scum”

Q10 Which two of these statements must be true?.

(True) Limescale always accumulates inside heating systems which function with hard water
Very true – as seen in the first and second sentences of the second paragraph
(Cannot say) Pipes and boilers are affected by the composition of hard water
The passage states in the second paragraph that Hard water is also undesirable in hot water
systems because it deposits calcium Carbonate and calcium sulphate inside pipes and
boilers, but it does not tell us in exact term the effect of these deposits on pipes and boilers.

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(True) The use of hard water in heating systems can lead to the build of limescale
Very true – as seen in the first and second sentences of the second paragraph

(Cannot say) The presence of calcium carbonate and calcium sulphate in hot water system
can be countered by soft water
The passage does not say anything about this

Q11 Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions that are taken up by
zeolites in the process of ion-exchange.
Line 10 – 12 states that zeolites or ion-exchange resins releases positive ions and take
up, in exchange, the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water
(False) The process of water softening depends on the action of zeolites or ion-exchange resins
This is false because the passage presents precipitation as another method of
softening hard water
(Cannot say) Softened water contributes to the formation of insoluble precipitates

The passage does not tell us anything on the above statement, it however tells us in the last
sentence that Softening process of hard water causes the formation of insoluble
precipitates that are easily removed.
(True) Calcium and magnesium ions in hard water are removed in the process of precipitation
Very true – as seen in the last two lines of the passage

Q12 Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) The precipitate created by the addition of chemicals can be easily removed to
leave behind softened water.
Very true – as seen in the last two lines of the passage
(False) The chemicals in hard water are dissolved during the process of precipitation
The passage tells us in the last sentence of the passage that the chemicals added combines
with the calcium and magnesium to form INSOLUBE precipitate i.e undissolved precipitates

(Cannot say) The process of water softening is speeded up by combining calcium and
magnesium ions with other chemicals
The idea presented above brings up the notion that water softening can take place on it’s own
but the passage does not tell us, and so we cannot conclude
(True) The interaction of chemicals plays an important role in some methods of water softening
Very true – as seen in the last sentence of the passage

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 Sometimes called network marketing, multi-level marketing (MLM) is a form of sales
whereby products are sold directly to customers using relationship referrals. In this
hierarchical sales model, sales people receive a commission not only on their own
sales, but also on the sales of those distributors they have recruited to the business.
Multi-level marketing operations claim to be an easy way to generate a large income
by selling products to family and friends. Does it sound too good to be true? It
probably is. MLMs are the subject of controversy and numerous lawsuits: critics
view them as pyramid schemes, which are illegal in most countries.

A business dependant on its sales force continually finding more and more new
recruits is inherently unsustainable. Even if the product is of a high quality, at some
point the market will become saturated. Although a few distributors high up in the
chain can earn large amounts, distributors further down in the hierarchy will rarely
profit – losing much of their commission to their superiors. Furthermore, distributors
are often required to invest heavily in stock and pay for expensive training courses
or motivational materials. While MLMs are not illegal and not all network marketing
organisations rely on the recruitment of distributors, any business designed to sell
an opportunity rather than a product is both economically
flawed and ethically questionable.

Q13 Which two of these statements must be true?

(False) Early entrants to multi-level marketing are less likely to profit more
Although a few distributor high up the chain ca earn huge amount of money, distributors
down the hierarchy will rarely profit losing much of their commission to their superiors, hence
early entrants are more likely to profit than recruits

(Cannot say) Superiors usurp more authority

Nothing was said about usurping authority in the passage
(True) Distributors down the hierarchy will rarely profit
Very true – as see in line 12

(True) Sales people receives commission not only on their own sales
Very true – as seen in the third lie of the passage

Q14 Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) Exponential growing sales is incompatible to a finite customer

This paraphrases the first two sentence of the second paragraph
(False) Markets hardly get to its climax
The passage states that Even if the product is of a high quality, at some point the market
will become saturated

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Graduate Standardisation Examination
(False) Multi-level marketing are flawed since nobody makes any money
The second paragraph states that a few distributor high up in the organisation can earn
large amount of money. Therefore it is false to say that nobody makes any money

(True) Multi-level marketing are subject to lawsuits

The passage states that MLMs are the subject of controversy and numerous lawsuits

Q15 Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) Multi-level marketing exploits family and friends relationships

It is not specified whether this is one of the objections to MLMs

(True) Paying for expensive training courses are often required

The passage states in fourth sentence of the second paragraph that distributors are
often required to invest heavily in stock and pay for expensive training courses

(True) Multi-level marketing are not illegal

The last sentence of the second paragraph states it emphatically that MLMs are not illegal.
(False) Multi-level marketing is actually sustainable
The first line of the second paragraph, tells us that a business of such nature is inherently

Q16 Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) Multi-level marketing are morally dubious form of pyramid scheme
This is an opinion held by some, rather than a fact. And furthermore, not all
MLMs continually recruit new distributors

(False) Another name for Multi-level marketing is Network marketing

This is not true because the passage states in the first line of the passage that Multi-
level marketing is SOMETIMES called Network marketing

(True) Commission is usually beyond ones own sales

The third line states that sales people receive a commission not only on their own sales,
but also on the sales of those distributors they have recruited to the business

(True) Not all network organisation rely on distributors

The last sentence in the second paragraph states that “not all network
marketing organisations rely on the recruitment of distributors

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Graduate Standardisation Examination
 Most countries generate radioactive waste, and everyone has a vested interest in
high-level nuclear waste being stored safely. High-level nuclear waste, initially
comprised of extremely hot spent fuel rods, is cooled down in temporary storage
pods. These can then be stored indefinitely above- or below-ground in remote
areas. Underground storage may seem to be a safer option. But is it a permanent
solution for the thousands of years that are necessary? Associated questions also
remain about the environmental impact of nuclear power generation.

There is the risk of contaminating ground water if burial occurs in deep holes.
Underground sites must have dry surroundings in order to reduce the risk of water
seeping through rock and corroding radioactive waste containers. In the United
States, the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste storage facility was to be
located 1600 feet under the empty Nevada desert. Despite the government investing
billions of dollars in the project, it was cancelled in 2009 due to public and political
opposition.

The expense of finding and constructing suitable storage facilities is particularly

acute for small countries. Many options have been considered, including
burying waste under the ocean floor or under the polar ice. Each potential
solution is problematic. Conducting the necessary monitoring beneath the sea
floor, for example, would be very difficult.

Q17 Which two of these statements must be true?

(True) Wherever nuclear waste is buried needs to be monitored

This can be inferred from the last sentence; “necessary monitoring” refers to nuclear
waste storage.
(Cannot say) Small countries are particularly acute in expense finding
This statement was never made in the passage. What the passage says is that “The expense of
finding and constructing suitable storage facilities is particularly acute for small countries”
(True) Radioactive waste buried in deep holes can cause contamination
The passage states that There is the risk of contaminating ground water if burial occurs in
deep holes
(Cannot say)Government subsidies have been used in underground storage construction

The passage tells us that the US government contributed towards the cost of the Yucca
Mountain underground storage facility, but it does not tell us whether this was a subsidy to a
private project or government-owned.

Q18 Which two of these statements must be true?

(False) A consensus exist for the safest way for nuclear waste storage
Each option is problematic and only some see underground storage as a safer option

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Graduate Standardisation Examination
 (False) Political opposition cause the failure of Yucca Mountain storage project
The passage states clearly that both public and political opposition caused the cancellation
of the proposed Yucca Mountain nuclear waste storage facility

(True) Radioactive waste generation does not occur in all countries

The first line of the passage states that MOST countries generate radioactive waste. So it occurs
in most and not all countries.

(True) Navada dersert is located in the U.S

The second sentence of the second paragraph confirms the above statements

Q19 Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) Underground storage is the safest option

The passage does not say this, it says that Underground storage MAY seem to be a safer option

(Cannot say) The two most important considerations for radioactive storage are safety and cost
Whilst the passage focuses on safety and cost, it mentions other issues, such as
monitoring and does not prioritise safety and cost.

(True) Underground storage has its own problems

The last line states that Conducting the necessary monitoring beneath the sea floor, for example,
would be very difficult. It also states in the second paragraph that There is the risk of
contaminating ground water if burial occurs in deep holes

(True) Small countries see such storage process as very challenging

The passage states in the third paragraph that “The expense of finding and constructing
suitable storage facilities is particularly acute for small countries”

Q20 Which two of these statements must be true?

(Cannot say) It costs more to store nuclear waste in smaller countries

The passage does not make this direct link
(Cannot say) Groundwater are contaminated if nuclear waste burial occurs in deep holes
The passage stated this as a probability. It says “There is the risk of contaminating ground
water if burial occurs in deep holes
(True) Public and political opposition affected the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste storage
Very True – as seen in the third sentence of the second paragraph
(True) Dry surrounding is a pre-requisite for underground storage of nuclear waste
Very true, because the passage states that Underground sites MUST have dry surroundings in order to
reduce the risk of water seeping through rock and corroding radioactive waste containers

-- End of Test --

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