Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
In Tamil Nadu the food grains are cultivated in an area of 3474573 ha and the area under pulses are 815800 ha
and pulses constituting 23.50 per cent and a tune of total production of 613800 tones and an average productivity of 412 kg
per ha Tamil Nadu is one of the major producing State for Black Gram, Red Gram, Green Gran, cowpea, Mochai and Horse
Original Article
gram. In Tamil Nadu Pulses are cultivated by farmers in garden land and dry land conditions. Pulses are one of the oldest
crops in Tamil Culture. Pulses growing farmers are cultivating pulses with local own technologies right from seed
germination, plant nutrition, plant protection and storage to value addition. The indigenous practices should be documented
and validated for further adoption and to solve the present day environmental issues. There are limited studies in
documentation indigenous technical knowledge in pulse cultivation. Keeping this in view the study was undertaken to
document the indigenous technical knowledge in pulse cultivation and to identify the relative advantage of indigenous
technologies in pulse cultivation. The study was undertaken among 300 pulse farmers in Thanjavur, Pudukkottai, Tiruvarur
districts. The indigenous technologies in pulse cultivation was collected among 300 experienced pulse growers with
well-developed interview schedule. The collected indigenous technologies were given to thirty scientists those who had
experience in indigenous technologies in pulse cultivation to eliminate the irrelevant and repeated indigenous technologies.
The collected 256 indigenous technologies were given to expert and scientist to eliminate the irrelevant and repeated
indigenous technologies. The result revealed that 66 indigenous technologies were identified as relevant. Majority of pulse
farmer expressed that safety handling and food is one of the foremost relative advantage in adopting indigenous technologies
and it was expressed by 96.00 per cent of pulse farmers.
Received: May 21, 2019; Accepted: Jun 11, 2019; Published: Jul 10, 2019; Paper Id.: IJASRAUG201932
INTRODUCTION
In Tamil Nadu the food grains are cultivated in an area of 3474573 ha and the area under pulses are 815800 ha
and pulses constituting 23.50 per cent and a tune of total production of 613800 tones and an average productivity of
412 kg per ha .Tamil Nadu is one of the major producing State for Black Gram, Red Gram, Green Gran, cowpea,
Mochai and Horse gram. In Tamil Nadu Pulses are cultivated by farmers in garden land and dry land conditions.
Pulses are one of the oldest crops in Tamil Culture. Pulses growing farmers are cultivating pulses with local own
technologies right from seed germination, plant nutrition, plant protection and storage to value addition.
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254 Poonguzali B, Velusamy R & Pushpa J
These traditional knowledge and technologies have played a significant role in the overall socio-economic development of the
communities. Rhoades (1989) and Goddell (1982) reported that indigenous technologies if identified, modified suitable and
accepted they can definitely be the answer for the present day thinking of attaining sustainable agriculture. Farmers are
practicing a number of indigenous practices in pulse cultivation. These indigenous practices should be documented and
validated for further adoption and to solve the present day environmental issues. There are limited studies in documentation
indigenous technical knowledge in pulse cultivation. Keeping this in view the study was undertaken to document the
indigenous technical knowledge in pulse cultivation and to identify the relative advantage of indigenous technologies in pulse
cultivation.
The study was undertaken among 300 pulse farmers in Thanjavur, Pudukkottai, Tiruvarur districts. The districts
were selected based on the maximum number of pulse farmers and area under pulse crop. In each districts five blocks were
selected based on the area under pulse crop. Two villages were selected in each selected block of each district. Ten pulse
farmers were selected randomly in each village and totally 300 pulse farmers were selected for this study. The indigenous
technologies in pulse cultivation was collected among 300 experienced pulse growers with well-developed interview
schedule. The collected indigenous technologies were given to expert and scientist to eliminate the irrelevant and repeated
indigenous technologies. Thirty scientist those who had experience in indigenous technologies in pulse cultivation are
consulted to identify the relevant indigenous technologies in pulse cultivation from the collected indigenous technologies.
Relative advantage is the degree to which an innovation appears better than any other alternatives the potential adopter
might have, measured in terms of economics, convenience, satisfaction and social prestige. The pulse farmers were asked
to list out the relative advantages of Indigenous technologies over the scientific cultivation in pulse cultivation.
The indigenous technologies in pulse cultivation was collected among 300 pulse growers in Thanjavour, Pudukottai
and Thiruvarur districts. The collected 256 indigenous technologies were given to expert and scientist to eliminate the
irrelevant and repeated indigenous technologies. Thirty scientist those who had experience in indigenous technologies in pulse
cultivation are consulted to identify the relevant indigenous technologies in pulse cultivation. The result revealed that 66
indigenous technologies was identified as relevant and presented below.
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256 Poonguzali B, Velusamy R & Pushpa J
Dry the red gram seeds well and store them in gunny bags after placing dried leaves of “Naithulasi”
59.
(Ocimum canum) inside them to prevent pod borer.
60. Vegetable oil and castor oil are mixed with pulses before storage
Mixing pulse grams with dried chilies to increase the keeping quality and avoid from storage pests like
61.
“brooches”
62. Spread cooked rice in the field bund to attract birds; these birds collect /eat warms in pulse field.
63. Dusting ash along with pulse seeds to control storage pests.
64. Neem seed kernel extract is the general organic pesticide used to control many pests in pulses
65. Neem seed cake mixed with seed pulses to preserve in container to avoid storage pests.
10 Kgs. pulse seeds mixed with 500 gm. of turmeric power, 500 ml. groundnut oil for storage even for
66.
one year
When the farmers continuously practicing indigenous knowledge, it will be also relevant to enquire why they do so.
In other words, what are the advantages of such practices as perceived by farmers. Understanding the rational of such
practices from the farmer’s point of view, may also help researchers to look into the valid factors while they research to
farmers need and help extension workers to select appropriate technologies based on few criteria. The relative advantage of
indigenous technologies are presented in table 1.
The pulse farmers were expressed their perceived relative advantage of adopting the indigenous technologies. The
results from table 1, shows that majority of pulse farmer expressed that safety handling and food is one of the foremost
relative advantage in adopting indigenous technologies and it was expressed by 96.00 per cent of pulse farmers.
The indigenous technologies facilitate the agricultural operations ie facilitate for easy sowing of crop and it was
expressed by 95.00 per cent of farmers followed by good germination with 95.67 per cent, quality product with 89.00 per cent,
healthy crop with 89.00 per cent and low cost with 78.00 per cent of pulse farmers.
Three fifth of farmers (69.33 per cent) were expressed that indigenous technologies helped in conservation of
moisture during drought period and controlled the soil erosion (52.00 per cent). Nearly half of the pulse farmers (44.67 per
cent) expressed that indigenous technologies maintained the soil health sustainably. Two third of farmers (66.67 per cent)
expressed that indigenous technologies resulted more yield in the subsequent years. The farmers expressed that the indigenous
technology resulted health crop (89.00 per cent), products having long shelf life (69.66 per cent) and environmental safeguard
(66.00 per cent).
CONCLUSIONS
More number of indigenous technologies are available in all the agro eco system and in all the crops. The
documented pulse indigenous technologies are having more advantage when compared to present day cultivation. The
documented indigenous technologies should be validated for further large scale adoption to reduce the soil health problem and
for environmental safety.
REFERENCES
1. Ambegaonkar, A R and Wangikar S D, 1988 .A Study on the attitude of tribal farmers towards new agricultural technology,
Tribal Research Bulletin, X(11) : 30-31.
2. Chakravarthy, K. 1982. Indigenous Farm Practices: their Influnence. Unpublished M.Sc. (Ag) thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural
Unversity, Coimbatore,
3. Goodell, G.1982, Communication from farmers to scientists, Unpub, M.sc(Ag) Thesis, TNAU, Coimbatore.
4. Khan, M., & Ayyoob, M. (2016). The Scope of E-Learning in the Computer Science & Technologies. International Journal of
Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology Research (IJCSEITR), 6(6), 93-98.
5. Gupta, A. K 1998. Working With Indigenous Knowledge-A Guide for Researchers. Internal Development Research Centre,
Ottawa, p.317
6. Rhoades, R.1989.The role of farmers in the creation of Agricultural Technology, In farmers first: Farmers Innovation and
agricultural Research Edition, London.
APPENDIES
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