The effectivity of Health Media Promotion (Leaflet) in Society’s

Knowledge about Gastritis in Palopo Indonesia

Nilawati Uly1; Sri Wahyuni2; I Wajan Yuliarsa3

Stikes Mega Buana Palopo
Email: u_nilawati@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Gastritis usually defined as an inflammation in the stomach
which specifically explained as an illness of the stomach or dyspepsia.
Gastritis usually caused by several factors such as excessive stomach acid,
weakness of the stomach wall, infection of helicobacter pylori, poor food
hygiene, gastrointestinal movement disorders, and psychological stress.
Objective : This research aimed to examine the effectivity of Health Media
Promotion (Leaflet) in society’s knowledge about gastritis in
Indonesia.Methods: This study was conducted in Quasi Experimental Design
with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of this study was
people who lived in KelurahanBattang, Palopo, Indonesia and suffered from
gastritis. Total sampling method was used in data collection. Instrument that
was used in this study was developed by the researchers which used
quesioner. Data that were collected analyzed in Ms. Excel program and
statistic program (SPSS) Version 20.Results: The univariat analysis to show
the frequency and distribution of the data, bivariat analysis with t-test was p <
0,05, the deviation of society understanding improvement after post-test was
p=0,000. That means There is a different between pre and post test.
Conclusion: there are deviations of society understanding improvement
about gastritisbeetwen population of the research by giving health media
promotion (leaflelt) in Kelurahan Battang Palopo city 2015. Recomendation:
Using leaflets as media in developing health promotion strategies to increase
the knowledge of society in promotion and prevention technique, especially
regarding gastritis disease.

Keywords:leaflet,understanding,gastritis

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Introduction
Currently, there are two big
problems related to public health
in Indonesia. First, infectious
disease remains a public health
problem that has not well handled,
while secondly, a rise in cases of
diseases are not contagious (PTM)
which is mostly caused by lifestyle
due to urbanization,
modernization and globalization
(Gustin, 2011).
Gastritis is an inflammation
of the stomach known as a disease
of the stomach or dyspepsia. As
the digestive organs, the stomach
serves to store food and digest the
food back into smaller particles to
be passed into the duodenum.
Some factors that can cause
gastritis is spending excessive
stomach acid, the weakness of the
defense wall of the stomach,
Helicobacter pylori infection, poor
food hygiene, gastrointestinal
movement disorders and
psychological factors (Misnadiarly,
2009: 11-12).
Generally, gastritis can be
interpreted as the presence of
ulcers in the digestive tract. The
injuries, particularly frequent in
the stomach and duodenum
(Queen, 2013: 26).
WHO world health research
agency conducts a review of some
of the countries of the world and
get the percentage of incidence of
gastritis in the world. Including
the UK 22%, China 31%, Japan
14.5%, Canada 35%, and France
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29.5%. In the world, the incidence
of gastritis approximately 1.8-2.1
million among the whole
population each year. The
incidence of gastritis in Southeast
Asia itself is around 583 635 of the
population each year. The
prevalence of gastritis confirmed
by endoscopy.In a population in
Shanghai around 17.2%, which is
substantially higher than the
population in the west that ranges
4.1% and asymptomatic. Gastritis
is usually regarded as a trivial
thing, but gastritis is the beginning
of a disease that can trouble us
(Gustin, 2011).
The percentage of incidence
of gastritis in Indonesia, according
to WHO is 40.8%. The incidence of
gastritis in several regions in
Indonesia is quite high prevalence
of 274.396 cases of 238,452,952
inhabitants. Based on the health
profile of Indonesia in 2013,
gastritis is a disease in the top ten
most prevalent diseases in
inpatients in hospitals in
Indonesia with 30 154 cases
(4.9%).
Palopo city has of 12 (twelve)
clinics. Based on data from the
central statistical agency in 2012,
namely 152 703 (one hundred and
fifty two thousand seven hundred
and three) people lived in Palopo.
Based on data from the profile
Palopo city health department in
2012 it is known that the number
of people who experience
symptoms of gastritis complaints
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totaled 4,084 (four thousand eight
recovered four) people of the total
population in the Palopo city.
One of public health centers
in the Palopo city, Puskesmas
Wara Barat, has covered 5 (five)
villages. Based on data from the
Puskesmas Wara Barat in 2012 it
is known that the number of
people who experienced with
gastritis symptoms as much as 723
(seven hundred twenty three)
people of the total population in
the region of Puskesmas Wara
Barat (9706 inhabitants).
Specifically, Battang village has
193 (one hundred ninety three) of
its total population who have
experienced the disease
symptoms. Therefore, the
researchers took Battang village
RT 01 RW 04 as a population site
to look for the effectiveness of
health promotion media (leaflet).
METHOD
Location, population and sample
This research was using quasi-
experimental design (quasi-
experimental), with a draft
nonequivalent control group
design.The location of this
research was in the Village
Battang Palopo in South Sulawesi
Province. This research was
conductedbetween June-July 2015
and the period of pre-test and
post-test was 10 days.
The population in this study
were all people who suffer from
gastritis which amounted to 32
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people. Sampling technique was
used in this research was total
sampling, and the number of
samples was 32 people. In this
study, respondents were divided
into two groups: group I, which
has given the intervention: media
health education leaflets and
counseling while group II was only
given health education with
counseling.
Analysis
The data collection was done
by direct interview to the
respondents using a questionnaire
which was developed by the
researcher or indirectly
(secondary data).Data
management was done manually
by filling in the questionnaire
provided by the researchers.
The respondents were
allowed to take the questionnaire,
and the researchers were
rechecked the completeness of the
filled questionnaire. Data was
coded in which the researchers
converting the data to form a
sentence/letter into data-shaped
figures/numbers. Data was
entered for the form that already
finished.Scoring, ie, every
subvariable was given according
to the data categories and the
number of the questions from
subvariable. resulting scores wich
were summed.The data were
managed and processed in SPSS
version 20 for Windows.
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 The data in this study
Analyzed in univariate analysis to
re-describe the characteristics of
respondents, the level of
knowledge and attitude of the
respondent. Additionally, bivariate
analysis was performed to
determine the effect of health
promotion media (leaflet) in
patients with gastritis by using
independent t-test test by
comparing the results of the
increase in the score with a score
of hypothesis by using a 95%
confidence level and p value was
used in this research was<0.05.
Furthermore, gain test
performed to see the effectiveness
of health promotion media
(leaflet) in changes in knowledge
and attitudes people with gastritis.
This can be done by using the
following formula:
High and low gain normalized
(N-gain) can be classified as
follows: (1) if g> 0.7, then the N-
gain generated were high; (2) if
0.3 <g <0.7, then the resulting N-
gain medium category, and if g
<0.3 then the N-gain produced,
including the low category (Isaac,
2013).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Characteristic of the Respondent
Based on Table 1, it is known
that the age of the respondents in
this study were in the range 11-60
years. Respondents were aged in
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between, about 50-60 years were
3 (9.4%). Respondents mostly
aged at 20-30 years and there
were 8 people (25%) who aged at
40-50 years.Based on the
educational characteristics of
respondents, frequency of
respondents with elementary
education is the fewest
respondents i.e. 3 (9.4%).
Respondents who dominate the
respondents with education level
senior high school (SMA/SMK) as
many as 20 people (62.5%). Based
on the characteristics of the
respondents based on their work
is described as respondents with a
job as a public officer were only
one person (3.1%). Most of the
respondents werenot working and
Farmer were 8 people (25%) each.
Based on the gender, female
proportion were more than men
proportion. Female respondents
were 21 people (65.6%), while
male respondents were 11 people
(34.4%).
Table 4., Shows that the average
value of the experimental group
was 34.38 and Control is 33.63.
Value significance (p-value) both
groups are equally namely 0.727.
Because the p-value> 0.05 means
Ho is accepted, which means there
is no difference in between the
two samples.
The effectiveness of health
promotion media (leaflet) in
changing people's knowledge of
gastritis in Battang Palopo 2015.
Based on Table 5, the average
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value obtained for the
experimental group was 44.00 and
Control is 38.69. Value significance
(p-value) both groups are equally
namely 0,000. Because p-value
<0.05 means Ho rejected, which
means there was an average
difference between the two
samples, so it can be concluded
that there are differences in the
increase of public knowledge after
the post-test between the
experimental group (media use
leaflets and counseling) and group
control (extension only). This is
shown in which the hypothesis
test H0 is rejected at test t-test and
H1 accepted the research
hypothesis.
To see the effectiveness of health
promotion media (leaflet) that has
been designed, it was found that
health promotion (leaflet) is
effective for raising the score gain
knowledge about the gastritis with
an increase in the average score
was 0.71 in the experimental
group and the control group at
0.35. This value is then interpreted
into a gain value criteria, and we
concluded that the effectiveness of
the experimental group improved
knowledge is high while the
control group improved
knowledge moderate.
The result of this study is
consistant with the research
conducted by Isaac (2013) in
nursing mothers 0-6 months in the
village of the Pao Malangke
Western District of North Luwu in
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2013 which states that there are
differences in breastfeeding
mothers increased knowledge 0-6
months between the group treated
(leaflets) and untreated groups.
And the use of health promotion
media (leaflet) is more effective to
raise the score gain knowledge
society.
The results of this study are
also consistent with the results of
research conducted Ambarwati,
(2014) which states that there is a
significant effect giving health
education about the dangers of
smoking to the media leaflets to
students of SDN 78 Lor Mojosongo
Surakarta. This can be seen in the
leaflet group obtained average
value by 8.46 pre-test and post-
test of 9.38, resulting an increasing
in the average value of 0.92 points.
SUMMARY
Based on these results, it was
concluded as follows:Public
awareness of gastritis before
treatment in between the
experimental group and the
control group on tests of average
or mean values are equal (p-value
= 0.727> = 0.05). Last, there are
significant differences in the
average increase in the value of
public knowledge about the
gastritis after being given
treatment between the
experimental group and the
control group (p-value = 0,000 <
= 0.05). This research may have
limited in the description of some
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characteristics and may have
several in the rigidity of the
treatment, in which the
researchers suggest to conduct
further research in similar or
advanced procedure to confirm
the result of this study. Further
research in related to another
specific population or in special
needs population may be useful in
the near future.
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Table1. Characteristic Respondent Based on Age, Education, Job dan Sex
In Battang Palopo Tahun 2015

Eksperiment Control Total

No Charakteristic
Total (%) Total (%) n %

1 Age (Year)
11-20 4 25,0 2 12,5 6 18,7
21-30 5 31,2 3 18,8 8 25,0
31-40 4 25,0 3 18,8 7 21,9
41-50 3 18,8 5 31,2 8 25,0
51-60 - - 3 18,8 3 9,4
Total 16 100,0 16 100,0 32 100,0
2 Education
SD 1 6,3 2 12,5 3 9,4
SLTP 2 12,5 2 12,5 4 12,5
SMA/SMK 13 81,3 7 43,8 20 62,5
S1 - - 5 31,2 5 15,6
Total 16 100,0 16 100,0 32 100
3 Working status
Farmer 2 12,5 6 37,5 8 25
PNS - - 1 6,2 1 3,1
House Wife 5 31,2 3 18,8 8 25
Student 3 18,8 2 12,5 5 15,6
Honorer 2 12,5 2 12,5 4 12,5
College 2 12,5 - - 2 6,3
Not working 2 12,5 2 12,5 4 12,5
Total 16 100,0 16 100,0 32 100
4 Sex
Man 4 25,0 7 43,8 11 34,4
Woman 12 75,0 9 56,2 21 65,6
Total 16 100,0 16 100,0 32 100

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Table2. The Pre-Test (Before) And Post-Test (After) The Level Of Public
Knowledge About The Disease Gastritis In The Experimental
Group (Leaflet) And The Control Group In Battang Palopo
Tahun 2015

experiment control
Respon Quar Quar
dent Pre-Test Post-Test rel Pre-Test Post-Test rel
(O1) (O2) (O1) (O2)
1 43 48 5 36 42 6
2 34 46 12 44 46 2
3 29 44 15 29 35 6
4 23 36 13 34 38 4
5 36 43 7 30 34 4
6 31 47 16 35 39 4
7 31 46 15 25 35 10
8 33 46 13 44 46 2
9 43 48 5 30 37 7
10 40 42 2 41 42 1
11 40 47 7 25 36 11
12 29 39 10 35 37 2
13 27 38 11 28 39 11
14 38 45 7 37 40 3
15 41 46 5 36 37 1
16 32 43 11 29 36 7
Total 550 704 154 538 619 81

Table 3. Analysis Of Different Test Average Value Of Pre-Test Level Of

Public Knowledge About The Disease Gastritis In
BattangPalopo Tahun 2015

Std. Std. Error

Grups n Mean Sig. Explanation
Deviation Mean
Eksperiment 16 34,38 6,021 1,505 ,727
Ho Accept
Control 16 33,63 6,032 1,508 ,727

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Table4. Analysis Of Different Test Grade Average Post-Test Level Of
Public Knowledge About The Disease Gastritis In Battang
Palopo Tahun 2015

Std. Std. Error

Grups n Mean Sig. Explanation
Deviation Mean
Eksperiment 16 44,00 3,633 ,908 ,000
Ho reject
Control 16 38,69 3,683 ,921 ,000

Table 5. Analysis Of The Index Gain The Experimental And Control

Groups Palopo Tahun 2015

Pre- Post- Skor

Gai Quarre Criteri
Grups test test Maksimu <g>
n l (3-1) a
(1) (2) m (3)
Eksperimen 34,3 44,0 0,7
9,62 48 13,62 High
t 8 0 1
33,6 38,6 0,3
Ontrol 5,06 48 14,37 Low
3 9 5

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