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EEL 3303L-ELECTRONICS I LAB

Second ACTIVITY: Basic Differential Amplifier and Summing Amplifier


[Name]
[Partner Name]

Professor Name:
FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
COMPUTING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Date of Experiment:
Submission Date:
Second ACTIVITY: Basic Differential Amplifier and Summing Amplifier.

Objectives
The purpose of this lab is to observe the given two circuits which are basically differential
amplifier and summing amplifier with the help hand calculations and simulations for the
following eight cases and compare the results of hand calculation with the simulated results.

Procedure
 The first step was to calculate the hand calculation for the following two cases with the
help eight different cases.
 Then the next step was to open the software and made a new file where the new
schematic was made to check the given circuits.
 When the schematic file was created, basic components was taken like resistors,
capacitor, oscilloscope, function generator or AC source.
 In the next step, made the circuit of differential amplifier which is given in the part 1 of
the lab and analyze the theoretical calculations with the help of waveforms. Connected
terminals of each component with each other with the help of wire.
 In the next step, take two oscilloscopes and connect both the channels A and B of the first
oscilloscope in the differential amplifier on Input side and with the help of other
oscilloscope to analyze the output.
 In the next step, made the circuit again and analyze the second circuit with the help of
simulation.
 Before taking the values of resistors and capacitor, theoretical analysis was done because
in that case we have given most of the information about resistors also.
 After the schematic was made, take two oscilloscopes and connect both the channels A
and B of the first oscilloscope in the differential amplifier on Input side and with the help
of other oscilloscope to analyze the output.

Theoretical Analysis
Part 1:

From the following circuit,

Va = Vin1(t)

Vb = Vin2(t)
𝑅 𝑅𝑏 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
V0 = - Vin1(t)(𝑅2) + Vin2(t)(𝑅 )( ) …………………………….. Equation (1)
1 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑎 𝑅1

1. Vin1(t) = Vin2(t)
−𝑅2 𝑅 (𝑅 +𝑅 )
V0 = Vin1(t)[ + 𝑅𝑏(𝑅 1+𝑅2 )
𝑅1 1 𝑎 𝑏

𝑅 𝑅 −𝑅 𝑅 )
V0 = Vin1(t)[ 𝑅1 𝑅𝑏 +𝑅2 𝑅𝑎)
1 𝑎 1 𝑏

2. Vin1(t) = Vin2(t) = 0V

V0 = 0V

3. Vin1(t) = V1(dc Voltage), Vin2(t) = Vmsin(wt)

𝑅 𝑅𝑏 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
As we know, Vo = - Vin1(t)(𝑅2) + Vin2(t)(𝑅 )( ) …………………………….. Equation
1 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑎 𝑅1
(1)

So,

𝑅 𝑅𝑏 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
Vo = - V1(𝑅2) + Vmsin(wt) (𝑅 )( )
1 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑎 𝑅1

𝑽𝟐
4. Vin1(t) = V1(dc Voltage), Vin2(t) = 𝒂

𝑅 𝑅𝑏 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
As we know, Vo = - Vin1(t)(𝑅2) + Vin2(t)(𝑅 )( ) ……………………………..
1 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑎 𝑅1
Equation (1)
So,
𝑅 𝑉2 𝑅𝑏 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
Vo = - V1(𝑅2) + (𝑅 )( )
1 𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑅𝑎 𝑅1

Part 2:

As we know that for op-amp,

Vn = Vp

Write KCL at Vn
𝑉𝑛 − 𝑉𝑖𝑛1 𝑉𝑛 − 𝑉𝑖𝑛2 𝑉𝑛 − 𝑉0
( )+( )+( )=0
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑓

Put Vn = 0 in the above equation,


− 𝑉𝑖𝑛1 𝑉𝑖𝑛2 − 𝑉0
− =
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅𝑓
𝑅 𝑅
𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1(𝑅𝑓 ) + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2(𝑅𝑓 )] ……………………….. Equation (1)
1 2

1. Vin1(t) = Vin2(t) & R1 = R2 = Rf


As we know the equation (1) i.e. given below
𝑅 𝑅
𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1(𝑅𝑓 ) + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2(𝑅𝑓 )]
1 2
𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓
𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1(𝑅 ) + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2(𝑅 )]
𝑓 𝑓

𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1+ 𝑉𝑖𝑛2 ]

𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛2+ 𝑉𝑖𝑛2 ]

𝑉0 = −2𝑉𝑖𝑛2

2. Vin1(t) = 2Vin2(t) & R1 = R2 = Rf


As we know the equation (1) i.e. given below
𝑅 𝑅
𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1(𝑅𝑓 ) + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2(𝑅𝑓 )]
1 2
𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓
𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1(𝑅 ) + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2(𝑅 )]
𝑓 𝑓

𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1+ 𝑉𝑖𝑛2 ]

𝑉0 = −[2𝑉𝑖𝑛2+ 𝑉𝑖𝑛2]

𝑉0 = −3𝑉𝑖𝑛2

3. Vin1(t) = Vin2(t) and R1 = R2 and Rf = 2 R1


As we know the equation (1) i.e. given below
𝑅 𝑅
𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1(𝑅𝑓 ) + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2(𝑅𝑓 )]
1 2
2𝑅1 2𝑅1
𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1( 𝑅 ) + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2( 𝑅 )]
1 1

𝑉0 = −[2𝑉𝑖𝑛1+ 2𝑉𝑖𝑛2 ]

𝑉0 = −[4𝑉𝑖𝑛2]

𝑉0 = −4𝑉𝑖𝑛2

4. Vin1(t) = 2Vin2(t) and R1 = R2 and Rf = 2 R1


As we know the equation (1) i.e. given below
𝑅 𝑅
𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1(𝑅𝑓 ) + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2(𝑅𝑓 )]
1 2
2𝑅1 2𝑅1
𝑉0 = −[𝑉𝑖𝑛1( 𝑅 ) + 𝑉𝑖𝑛2( 𝑅 )]
1 1

𝑉0 = −[2𝑉𝑖𝑛1+ 2𝑉𝑖𝑛2 ]

𝑉0 = −[2(2𝑉𝑖𝑛2 )+ 2𝑉𝑖𝑛2 ]

𝑉0 = −[6𝑉𝑖𝑛2]

𝑉0 = −6𝑉𝑖𝑛2

Experimental Data
Assume that R1 = 1kΩ, Ra = 2kΩ, R2 = 10kΩ and Rb = 1kΩ.

Figure 1: Circuit Number 1


Case 1:

Assume that Vin1(t) and Vin2(t) = 100mVpk-pk

Figure 2: Simulation for Vin1(t) and Vin2(t)

Case 2:

Vin1(t) and Vin2(t) = 0V

Figure 3: Simulation for Vin1(t) and Vin2(t) = 0V


Case 3:

Vin1(t) = V1(dc Voltage), Vin2(t) = Vmsin(wt)

Figure 4: Circuit 1 for inputs that are Vin1(t) = V1(dc Voltage), Vin2(t) = Vmsin(wt)

Figure 5: Simulation for Vin1(t) = V1(dc Voltage), Vin2(t) = Vmsin(wt)


Case 4:
𝑉2
Vin1(t) = V1(dc Voltage), Vin2(t) =
𝑎

Assume a = 2 in this case

𝑽𝟐
Figure 6: Circuit 1 for Vin1(t) = V1(dc Voltage), Vin2(t) = 𝒂

𝑽𝟐
Figure 7: Simulation for Vin1(t) = V1(dc Voltage), Vin2(t) = 𝒂
Part 2:

Figure 8: Circuit for part 2

Case 1:
1. Vin1(t) = Vin2(t) & R1 = R2 = Rf

Figure 9: Input for Vin1(t) = Vin2(t) & R1 = R2 = Rf


Figure 10: Output for Vin1(t) = Vin2(t) & R1 = R2 = Rf

Case 2
1. Vin1(t) = 2Vin2(t) & R1 = R2 = Rf

Figure 11: Input for Vin1(t) = 2Vin2(t) & R1 = R2 = Rf


Figure 12: Output for Vin1(t) = 2Vin2(t) & R1 = R2 = Rf

Case 3
1. Vin1(t) = Vin2(t) and R1 = R2 and Rf = 2 R1

Figure 13: Input for Vin1(t) = Vin2(t) and R1 = R2 and Rf = 2 R1


Figure 14: Output for Vin1(t) = Vin2(t) and R1 = R2 and Rf = 2 R1

Case 4
1. Vin1(t) = 2Vin2(t) and R1 = R2 and Rf = 2 R1

Figure 15: Vin1(t) = 2Vin2(t) and R1 = R2 and Rf = 2 R1


Figure 16: Output for Vin1(t) = 2Vin2(t) and R1 = R2 and Rf = 2 R1

MyDAQ Implementation

Differential Amplifier
Summing Amplifier

Experimental Analysis of Results

It is analyzed from both simulation results and theoretical results are quite match. In case of part
1, we have given 4 cases for the circuit 1. When both the inputs are approximately equal to each
other than inputs will pass through first and second op-amp. In the third op-amp, we can see that
this 100mVpk-pk signal lose some values in R1 and invert the values with the gain of 10 at the
output that is why the output in the figure are almost 1000mVpk-pk. In the second case, both the
inputs are zero and both theoretical and simulation results gave values zero of outputs. In the
next case, when we take dc voltage and ac voltage on the inputs of that circuit, then the ac signal
will not pass on the output due to differential amplifier and output signal just show the dc signal
on the output side. Likewise, the last case gave the dc voltages on the input which will also give
the dc output. In the first case of summing amplifier, when both the inputs are equal then the gain
will become doubled which we can see by both results. In next case, one of the inputs signal
becomes doubled which make the output values three times the input values doubled which we
can see both with the theoretical results and also with the simulation. Likewise, if we take the
feedback resistor as double value then before which can increase the output value up to four time
which is proved with both simulation and theoretical results. In the last case, if we take the
double value of feedback resistors and one of the input then the output is increase by six times
then the input which is also proved by both the theoretical and simulation results. So, all the
results are approximately matched.
Conclusion
To conclude this lab, we were found that both the theoretical and simulation analysis values are
giving the same results. We also learned that in case of differential amplifier, both the inputs will
give result after subtract each other and in summing amplifier the inputs will be add to each other
and take resultant of the inputs. We have been concluded following facts also that if we take the
double value of feedback resistance in a summing amplifier then the gain will become four times
and if we take the double value of voltage then the gain will become three times and if we take
both the things then it will become six times. Similarly, if we take both the inputs equal and all
the resistors equal in a summing amplifier that is part 2 of this lab give us the double gain then
the initial gain. For the case 1, we have concluded that he inputs will give the resultant output
after subtraction to the next amplifier. If both the inputs are zero in this case then the output
gives the zero value. If one of the inputs is DC and other input is AC then it will give DC value
for the output. Likewise, for last case where both the inputs are DC it will give the DC value at
the output but after take the difference of the inputs.

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