Energy Resources

Dr. Fahad Noor Engr. Adnan Qamar

Assosciate Professor Lecturer
f.noor@uet.edu.pk adnan@uet.edu.pk
 Background
• Energy
– A Key to all Luxuries
• Different Forms
– Finished
• Electrical
– Moderate
• Mechanical
– Raw
• Chemical
– Fuels
 CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL

FUEL

PHYSICAL
OCCURENCE
STATE
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 On the basis of occurrence

FUEL

PRIMARY OR SECONDARY OR
NATURAL FUEL ARTIFICIAL FUEL

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 CLASSIFICATION OF FUEL
Fuels are classified as
• Primary fuels – Fuels which occur naturally
such as coal, crude petroleum and natural
gas. Coal and crude petroleum, formed from
organic matter many millions of years ago,
are referred to as fossil fuels.
• Secondary fuels – Fuels which are derived
from naturally occurring ones by a
treatment process such as coke, gasoline,
coal gas etc.

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 On basis of physical state

FUEL

SOLID LIQUID GAS

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 What are fossil fuels?

Solid = _________ Gas = _____________

Liquid = ___________
Fossil fuels took millions of years to form. Once they are used, we cannot
replace them. Therefore, we call them _________________
_____________ ________________.
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Most coal was formed from plants which grew 300 million years ago.
The time period is called CARBONIFEROUS ERA

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 How oil and gas were formed
1. In the ocean - Plants use sun’s energy to survive and
animals get their energy by eating plants
2. Plants and animals in ocean die. The one’s that are not
eaten fall to the bottom of the sea.
3. A few millions of years later - layers of mud forms on top of
the dead animals and plants
4. Another few millions of years later - layers of sand builds up
on top of the mud
5. Pressure of all these layers of mud and sand squashes and
turns in to mud stone
6. Pressure of all these layers of mud and sand squashes and
turns plants and animals to oil and natural gas
7. Now, scientist burn oil and gas in power stations but this
releases harmful gases

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 OIL and NATURAL GAS (Methane)

Made from the decayed remains of sea creatures which

died millions of years ago

Even though it was not made from dead plants or animals, nuclear fuel is
considered to be a fossil fuel because it comes from the ground and is
running out.

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 Characteristics of Good Fuels:
• High Calorific Values
• Moderate Ignition Temperature
• Low Moisture Content
• Low Ash Content
• Moderate Velocity of Combustion
• Should not produce harmful products
• Low Cost
• Easy Storage & Transportation
• Easily Controllable
Thank You

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