Part A

Norms are the rules of behavior that define standards of behavior amongst organizations
allowing predictability actions. There had been process rotations amongst the employees with
every member have to perform duty in each section for 2 days. The daily task was to handle 5
loads of cheese for which no extra wage was paid to them. Work breaks had been integrated
inside the routine with additional 10 minutes before lunch and gathered at pub during lunch
time. They would drink and play pool. For morning and afternoon smoking they all gathered in
the canteen and spend time together in the canteen. There interactions were based on the
topics which included sex, girls, smoking, playing pool. They believed in less work and more
enjoyable activities. During the time they were smoking, other employees were on supervision.
Whenever a supervisor is about to approach them they gave each other warning signals in
order to alert them. They keep a distance from senior workers and only helped them when
seniors asked them for help.

The job of workers was to remove water. This was a difficult job as it required a lot of physical
work and the worker were paid were low for this job. Every day they had to handle 5 vats of
cheese. In order to avoid over working for each worker, the workers divided the work in groups.
Each worker had to work in each section for 2 days. They take 10 minutes early break before
lunch time. They gathered in the canteens and have long talks. There were closed relations
between the workers and took care of each other privacy. While some were smoking, the others
were on the supervision duty in order to protect them. They created the norms that help them to
enjoy more at work and also reducing the burden of work from each other as they were paid
very low.

The norms created were very helpful to each member. As the job was very tedious and they
were not paid any extra wage, they created rules in order to avoid over work for each other.
Each member protected each other from the supervisions. As smoking at work was strictly
prohibited, supervisions were conducted to ensure that rules were followed. When a foreman or
supervisor were on inspection, the worker gave warning signals to each other as the supervisor
was about to approach them. They had divided wok among themselves as each worker had to
work only for 2 days in each section. To avoid being getting bored, they spend most of the time
talking about girls, sex, drinking and playing pool. They work take 10 minutes early break for
lunch and gathered at pub during lunch time. They would drink and play pool. They had made
factory pool team and compete with local teams.

The group may be very cohesive in its day by day dealings with each member as a critical part
of the unit. The blessings of cohesiveness are to the members of the phase who acquire
blessings of additional breaks, while protecting them from the guarding officers without getting
caught. They help each other in difficult obligations, while dividing the work among them. The
workers operated on rotation by which each member worked two days in the section. The
supervisors had no blessings from the cohesiveness as the individual’s work together protecting
them from supervisors as one them was smoking.

The department should conduct regular supervisions as workers take extra break during lunch
hours. This has led to loss of several working hours. As the water removing process is difficult
job, good wages should be paid. Workers should also be paid extra incentives in order to
motivate for the work. To increase the one’s interest towards work, they should be motivated
and appreciated. Rules should be made to increase work output and security of the workers.

 Gist, ME, Locke, EA and Taylor, MS (1987) ‘Organizational Behaviour: Group Structure,
Process, and Effectiveness’ Journal of Management Vol 13 pp 237–258.
 Inkson, K and Paterson, J (1993) ‘Organisational Behaviour in New Zealand 1987–92: A
Review’ New Zealand Journal of Psychology Vol22 pp 54–66.
 Marsh, NR and McDonald, WF (1977, 12) ‘New Zealand's Multicultural
Workforce’ Management pp 34–35.

Part B

Motivation is the will power to do something. It is important to motivate employees at work.

Employees need to be motivated to make them in love with their job. There are different ways of
motivation for others such as for some employees money is motivation factor and some
employees rewards are motivating factor. The motivation can have positive result on the work
output. Motivated workers put their best efforts for the outcome of a work (Atkinson, John,1978).

Earlier, workers were thought-about simply another factor for the assembly of products and
services. From 1924 to 1932 Elton Mayo conducted a study known as Hawthorne study.
Various results were conducted from the study. It was founded that, money single handedly was
not only the factor to motivate employees, but also motivation was linked to attitude of employee
towards the work. The Hawthorne study was very important for maintain positive relations
between the workers and the management. Management started considering motivation as an
important factor for the working and success of an organization.

Motivation is a direction force that guides an employee’s towards right direction in performing
the task. With passage of time certain issues have been resulted regarding motivation. With
passage of changes there have been various changes in technology that have directly affected
employee-management relations. Employees of new generations have different expectations
from management.

According to Maslow theory, there are 5 basic needs of people. When the needs are fulfilled at
every level the employee is motivated. When an employee is given wage for his work, he has
money to buy food and cloths. Thus food and clothes act as motivating force for someone.
Some examples of basic needs are food, air, clothing, security, education, medical needs etc.
when the needs of employees get fulfilled he gets motivated to perform his best for the work.
The more he puts his efforts, the better the output is attained.

Motivation is very important for survival. Motivation can be defined as a force that takes
employee to a new level, where they can put their best efforts for performing work. Every person
has reason to work. Some work for family, some work for achievement of their dreams, some
work for contribution to society. The reason varies from person to person (Schneider, Benjamin,
Alderfer, Clayton, (1973). When the work is completed an output is obtained, which directly
affects the life. The impact of output varies directly with impact on life. As a result for best output
the employee needs to be motivated, so that the impact on their life is positive. Motivated
employees are responsible for proper successful running of an organization. Motivation helps in
the retention of the best employees (Deci, Edward, Vansteenkiste, Maarten, 2004).

There are various factors that can motivate people. These factors include salary, dealing with
employee problems, working family environment, perks, promotions, appreciation towards work.

It is very important for management to keep motivating employees as motivation is positive

driving force that gives reason to remain at work. Motivation is pillar for both employee and
organization. Organizations survive on employees and employees survive on motivation.

Leadership is a special quality attained by an individual. A leader is a person who leads from
front by setting an example. A leader is responsible for showing the right path to others. A
leader has various qualities that differentiate him from a group. The various qualities that a
leader possesses are self-confidence, honesty, discipline, communication, transparency,
patience, dedication towards work, encouraging, problem solver, unbiased etc (Judge, Timothy,
Bono, Joyce, Remus, Gerhardt, Megan, 2002).

A leader is source of inspiration to others. A leader can guide and give suggestions to others to
guide them in right direction. A person needs suggestions and leader helps them with right
suggestions. This develops respect for leader. A leader needs to be aware of every situation.
He has to analyze every situation before giving any suggestion. This makes him aware for every
situation. A leader completely understands every member on his teams completely understands
their strengths and utilizes their strengths to achieve goals for him and his team. A leader
should be wise while making decisions as his decisions have impact on him and his team. The
decision making skills of a leader get improves with the experience. A good leader guides his
teams to in a right way. The working of an organization depends upon the decisions of the
leader. There are various challenges for the leader in every corner. He has to deal with people
of every nature irrespective of good or bad. Has leader has to be flexible.

A leader is a person who defines goals for his team, for organization and explaining the
objectives to his team. He motivates the team members, guides them towards goals by
motivating them and creating rules for the task achievement. He checks the progress at every
phase and if problems arrive, helps them in resolving the problems (Chin, Roger, 2015).

A good leader had effective communication skills and remains in touch with every member in
order to ensure that every team member work completely according to their potentials. A leader
ensures that all the members work in cooperation with each other and maintains friendly
environment between the team. A leader motivates team members in order to bring the best put
of them. A leader makes decisions when team has to choose from various options. A leader
makes decisions considering all the parameters. A good leader maintains a balance between
emotions and work. A leader is responsible for every decision regardless of the situation went
right or wrong, the leaders takes responsibility of every decision taken by him (George, 2006).

A leader always comes in front and accepts every challenge. This helps to enhance his skills.
This helps him to remain calm in every situation and complete the task from the resources
available. A leader can face any situation and his experience can help him to take wise
decisions. A leader is teacher to every member on team. A leader should be patience in nature
so that he can cope up with any type of person. A leader can effectively communicate with team
members and convey his message to others.

Leadership is responsible task and one need to have special qualities. As the foundation of an
organization depends upon the leaders, the leader should be effective enough to take wise
decisions for the organization.
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