University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun

Assignment: 1

Program: B. Tech (CE+RP) Subject: Thermodynamics I

Course Outcome (CO): 1 Marks: 10

CO1 : To understand the basics of thermodynamics, mass and energy conservation

principle and to estimate work and heat for closed and open system

Q.1 A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m3 of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120
°C. The nitrogen is now expanded polytropically to a state of 100 kPa and 100°C.
Determine the boundary work done during this process

Q.2 A mass of 2.4 kg of air at 150 kPa and 12 °C is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless
piston–cylinder device. The air is now compressed to a final pressure of 600 kPa. During
the process, heat is transferred from the air such that the temperature inside the cylinder
remains constant. Calculate the work input during this process.

Q.3 A gas is compressed from an initial volume of 0.42 m3 to a final volume of 0.12 m3.
During the quasi-equilibrium process, the pressure changes with volume according to the
relation P = aV + b, where a = -1200 kPa/m3 and b = 600 kPa. Calculate the work done
during this process (a) by plotting the process on a P-V diagram and finding the area under
the process curve and (b) by performing the necessary integrations.

Q.4 A piston–cylinder device contains 0.15 kg of air initially at 2 MPa and 350 °C. The air
is first expanded isothermally to 500 kPa, then compressed polytropically with a polytropic
exponent of 1.2 to the initial pressure, and finally compressed at the constant pressure to
the initial state. Determine the boundary work for each process and the net work of the
cycle.

Q.5 An ideal gas , Cp = (5/2) R and Cv = (3/2)R, is changed from 1 bar and 12 m3 to 12
bar and 1 m3 by the following mechanically reversible process:
(a) Isothermal compression.
(b) Adiabatic compression followed by cooling at constant pressure
(c) Adiabatic compression followed by cooling at constant volume
(d) Heating at constant volume followed by cooling at constant pressure
(e) Cooling at constant pressure followed by heating at constant volume.

Calculate Q, W, ΔU, and ΔH for each of these processes and sketch the paths of all
processes on a single PV diagram.
Q.6 Steam flows at steady state through a converging, insulated nozzle, 25 cm long and
with an inlet diameter of 5 cm. At the nozzle entrance (state 1), the temperature and
pressure are 598.15 K and 700 kPa, and the velocity is 30 m/s. At the nozzle exit (state 2),
the steam temperature and pressure are 513. 15 K and 350 kPa. Properties Values are

H1 = 3112.5 kJ/kg, V1 = 388.61 cm3/g , H2 = 2945.7 kJ/kg, V2 = 667.75 cm3/g

Q.7 Air enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 300 kPa, 200°C, and 30 m/s and leaves at 100
kPa and 180 m/s. The inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm2. Determine (a) the mass flow rate
through the nozzle, (b) the exit temperature of the air, and (c) the exit area of the nozzle.

Q.8 Argon gas enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 900 kPa and 450°C with a velocity of
80 m/s and leaves at 150 kPa with a velocity of 150 m/s. The inlet area of the turbine is 60
cm2. If the power output of the turbine is 250 kW, determine the exit temperature of the
argon.

Q.9 Helium is to be compressed from 120 kPa and 310 K to 700 kPa and 430 K. A heat
loss of 20 kJ/kg occurs during the compression process. Neglecting kinetic energy changes,
determine the power input required for a mass flow rate of 90 kg/min.

Q. 10 A hair dryer is basically a duct in which a few layers of electric resistors are placed.
A small fan pulls the air in and forces it through the resistors where it is heated. Air enters
a 1200-W hair dryer at 100 kPa and 22°C and leaves at 47°C. The cross-sectional area of
the hair dryer at the exit is 60 cm2. Neglecting the power consumed by the fan and the heat
losses through the walls of the hair dryer, determine (a) the volume flow rate of air at the
inlet and (b) the velocity of the air at the exit.