TEMTRIM v3.

20
Updated April 14, 2005

TEM Data Review

TEMTRIM is a utility program for TEM data review. It’s main purpose is to allow interactive review of TEM
transients with methods for setting skip flags to drop noisy data. TEMTRIM provides options for filtering TEM
transient curves and for automatic or interactive skipping of noisy data. It also includes a few auxiliary
functions for interpolation of tabular data from stn files to Rx component location and orientation, for the
merging of closely related data, and for integration of dB/dt(t) to calculate B(t) data.

TEMTRIM reads TEM data from avg files and writes updated avg, amira, z and/or usf files. TEMTRIM also
saves survey configuration metadata in mde files holding descriptive parameters in a $keyword=value(s)
format. A backup copy of the original avg file is saved with the extension $av. Setting skip flags to drop
noisy data is reversible, as dB/dt values are retained with out change, but values in a data weight column
are set to 0. The original data can be recovered by “un-skipping” the data which changes data weight values
from 0 to 1. Some operations change the original data values, namely using moving-average filters to
smooth data permanently changes dB/dt data values.

TEMTRIM v3.20 is a MS Windows program using “high-color” or “16-bit” color graphics. To install TEMTRIM,
put temtrim.exe in a directory on your computer’s operating system path.

TEMAVG avg file names may be typed on TEMTRIM’s command line (i.e. “temtrim teminl.avg”) or can be
interactively selected from an open-file dialog. Once an average file has be selected, TEMTRIM shows a
survey configuration dialog to verify survey configuration parameters.

Job Name, Job Area, Job For, Job By, Job Number and Job Date are descriptive text strings that may be
used to record general survey information. Line Name can be an arbitrary line number label, but it is

TEMTRIM v3.20 1
preferred that it be restricted to a meaningful grid coordinate label like 2400E. Line Number is a floating
point number that is usually equal to the numeric part of Line Name. Line Number is used to interpolate to
geographic (x,y,z) locations from (stn,line) curvilinear coordinate pairs. Line Azimuth is the orientation of the
line in the direction of increasing station number in degrees east of north. The station numbers used by the
receiver operator sometimes need to be rescaled. Fields for Gdp and final station number beginning and
increment provide a method for linear station number rescaling. A negative final station intervals can be
used to flip station number sign. Possible Zonge TEM Arrays are FXL = fixed loop, MVL = moving loop with
arbitrary relative placement of the Tx and Rx loops, INL = moving loop with the receiver coil centered in the
transmitter loop, COL = coincident loop, CNT = continuous recording TEM, with the loop array generally
described in a detailed cfg file, LOT = LOTEM. For most surveys Tx Loop size is constant and a rectangular
loop can be described by it’s size along line and across line. The Tx Loop center values are used as
transmitter loop center east, north for fixed-loop surveys. Rx Loop/Coil Properties allow specification of
effective surface area, including any loop pre-amp gain, for each Rx component. The x component is
normally taken as along line with y across line and z positive up. Selecting the Cancel button will abort data
input, while TEMTRIM will show its main option menu after a mouse button click on the Continue button will
advance TEMTRIM to display of its main option menu.

File allows you to File|Open a new TEMAVG avg file. File|Save saves the current avg file data to avg,
amira, zdb and/or usf file formats. File|Save As allows you to change the file name before saving the
current data set. File|Exit stops TEMTRIM.

Edit Survey Configuration brings up the same Verify survey configuration metadata dialog that TEMTRIM
shows when importing avg file data.

TEMTRIM v3.20 2
Read Stn File reads location and orientation data from a tabular stn file with required columns of station,
east, north, elevation and optional columns of heading, pitch, roll. It interpolates on Rx station number to
estimate station locations and receiver component orientation. Component orientation data are stored for
each transient as receiver coils may be oriented differently at each station for down-hole surveys or for
continuously recorded TEM data from a cart- or boat-mounted system. Read Stn File shows a plan-map
view of station positions, with one transmitter loop outline to verify that station locations have been imported
and interpolated correctly.

Moving Average Filter applies a Gaussian moving average filter to each sounding curve. It smoothes both
dB/dt and apparent resistivity curves. Smoothing sounding curves reduces the effects of noise, but as it
modifies sounding curve shape and changes inversion results, so it should only be used as a last resort.

Add B(t) calculates B(t) (pT/amp) by integration of -dB/dt(t) along each sounding curve (Note that by
convention, both in-loop B(t) and dB/dt are shown as positive numbers). Add B(t) can be helpful in
emphasizing late-time anomalies. B(t) values are saved in the output avg file as an additional column of
values and in the ZdB file as an additional data block. TEMTRIM v3.00 does not read B(t) values from input
avg files. Noisy data values should be skipped with Auto Skip and/or Data Review|Skip Data before
running Add B(t).

Add B(t) integrates up each sounding curve using the following procedure.

1) Select last unskipped point in the dB/dt sounding curve, dB/dt n.

TEMTRIM v3.20 3
 2) Estimate Bn using the ratio of late-time, half-space B(t) over -dB/dt, based on equations 4.98a and
4.98b, page 222 in Ward and Hohmann, 1987, Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics, V
1, Nabighian editor, published by SEG.

2 dB(t n ) tn
B(t n )  10 3  
3 dt RxArea
pT dB(t n ) uV
where B (t n ) is in , is in , t n is in msec, and RxArea is in m 2 .
amp dt amp
3) Integrate along the sounding curve from late time to early time using the trapezoidal rule:

dB(tn ) dB(t n 1 ) tn  t n 1 103

B(t n )  B(t n 1 )  (  ) 
dt dt 2 RxArea

Noisy data can be skipped automatically with the Auto Skip menu option. Auto Skip first shows a dialog
with auto skip control and filter settings.

The Use data from window ?? to ?? fields are useful if a fixed range of time windows should be skipped.
For example, it transmitter turn-off has saturated the first 2 windows, set the lower index to 3 and time
windows 1 and 2 will be skipped on all transients. If the Skip data after error is > ?? check box is checked,
then all transient values after the first point with an error level greater than the error-level floor will be
skipped. Checking Skip negative data will skip all data with transient values less than or equal to 0. It is
useful for dropping negative early-time out-of-loop data before inversion with steminv. Skip data after
transient slopes up and error > 1% is a combination filter that skips all data after the first upsloping
transient segment. It also checks for data error > !%, so that upsloping early-time data (as when the Rx is
outside the Tx loop) will not set skip flags over the entire transient. Click on the Continue button to apply
the Auto Skip filters or click on Cancel to return to the main menu without modifying the data. Note that
using Auto Skip clears all previous skip flag settings, including any that may have been set manually.

Merge Data is an option intended to facilitate processing of TEM data components collected with two
GDP32 channels, one channel with normal gains and a second gained up to improve late-time data quality.
Since TEMAVG drops information about the GDP32 channels used during data acquisition, TEMTRIM
depends upon a specialized station number convention to distinguish between transients from the channel
with normal gains and transients from the gained up GDP32 channel. When merging data, TEMTRIM
matches up transients with the same component label (Hx, Hy or Hz) and integer station number value. It
uses the fractional part of the station number (*.0, *.1, …, or *.9) to distinguish between transients from the
channel with normal gains and transients from the gained up GDP32 channel. Station numbers with
fractional values can be entered directly into the GDP32 channel station number fields, or the channel

TEMTRIM v3.20 4
station number fields can be used as offsets relative to the GDP32 Rx field followed by station number
recalculation using the shred /rs processing option.

When selected, Merge Data shows a dialog with fields for processing control parameters.

The upper Station # *. field allows input of the fractional value to use for selecting transients for early-time
data. Using the default value of 0 will selected transients with integer valued station numbers (100.0, 200.0,
etc) for early-time data. The lower Station # *. field controls the fractional value to use for finding transients
with late-time data. Using the default value of 1 will select transients with station numbers like (100.1, 200.1,
etc ) for late-time data. Moving the control on the Merge Taper Center and Merge Taper Width track bars
controls the taper weighting used to blend early- and late-time transients together. The Component field
selects which component to merge. If the merge component is Hz, Hx and Hy data will be ignored. Click on
the Continue button to merge data or Cancel to abort transient merging.

Choosing Review Data allows you to look at sounding curves and to set and clear skip flags. Skipping
noisy TEM transient data is the principle use of TEMTRIM and is essential in preparing data for inversion.
TEMTRIM sets and clears avg and z file skip flags, so changes can be undone if necessary. TEMTRIM’s
Data Review option sequentially shows each sounding curve as a log-log plot of dB/dt (uV/amp) versus time
(msec) and, if available, apparent resistivity versus time.

TEMTRIM v3.20 5
The Data Review menu allows you to move back and forth, one station at a time, or jump right to either end
of the line. Menu items can be activated either by clicking on the menu or with short cut keys. Pressing the
F key = choosing First Stn, P key = Previous Stn, N key = Next Stn, S key = Skip Data, U key = Unskip
Data, X key = Exit. To drop noisy data, select Skip Data and move the mouse cursor to a noisy data point,
then hold the left mouse button down and move the mouse cursor to surround bad data points within the
rubber-band box. To recover skipped data, select Unskip Data and use the mouse to enclose useable data
points within the rubber-band box. Unskipped data are colored black and skipped data are colored
magenta.

Use File|Save or File|Save As to save your changes before opening a new file or exiting TEMTRIM.
TEMTRIM will show a dialog with a selection of output file types before saving data.

TEMTRIM v3.20 6
“Average” files with the file-name extension .avg are Zonge’s main format for storing processed TEM data.
The name “average” comes from the practice of recording two or more stacks of TEM data at each field
setup to demonstrate data repeatability. These data repeats are averaged together in post-acquisition data
processing and are stored in “average” files. Zonge format “Z” files have a block oriented format specialized
for use by the Zonge plotting program ZPlot. Australians prefer to store TEM data in a “AMIRA” format data
file, which TEMTRIM writes with the extension *.tem. The AMIRA format stores time-window information in
an auxiliary file with the file-name extension .chn. Interprex layered modeling programs read “universal
sounding format” or USF files. TEMTRIM can save dBz/dt transient data in the USF format with the file-
name extension .usf for use with Interprex modeling software.

TEMTRIM v3.20 7
 File Format Documentation

AVG file - averaged TEM data and measurement error estimates

Partial listing of MVLsample1.avg file, a “version 1” TEM average file.:

\ TEMAVG 7.20: "STEMDEMO.FLD", Dated 92-01-03, Processed 08 Sep 93

$ TEM: Array=In Loop (Central Loop)
$ TEM: TxRamp= 72.0 us
$ TEM: TxDX= 400. ft
$ TEM: TxDY= 400. ft
$ TEM: TxArea= 14884 m^2
$ TEM: RxArea= 10000 m^2
skp Station Freq Cmp Amps Win Time Magnitude RampAppRes Depth %Mag
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 1 0.046 3.2343e+5 1.6668e+1 8.0440e+1 0.5
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 2 0.0764 1.3097e+5 2.1763e+1 1.1845e+2 0.4
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 3 0.1068 6.6870e+4 2.4185e+1 1.4764e+2 0.4
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 4 0.1372 3.9800e+4 2.5457e+1 1.7168e+2 0.3
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 5 0.1676 2.5615e+4 2.6564e+1 1.9383e+2 0.3
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 6 0.198 1.7297e+4 2.7756e+1 2.1535e+2 0.3
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 7 0.243 1.0403e+4 2.9498e+1 2.4596e+2 0.3
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 8 0.304 5.6044e+3 3.2553e+1 2.8896e+2 0.4
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 9 0.3648 3.2564e+3 3.5902e+1 3.3247e+2 0.2
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 10 0.44 1.8347e+3 3.9854e+1 3.8470e+2 0.1
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 11 0.5314 1.0040e+3 4.4749e+1 4.4799e+2 0.7
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 12 0.651 5.1652e+2 5.0964e+1 5.2912e+2 0.7
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 13 0.8175 2.5543e+2 5.6969e+1 6.2690e+2 2.7
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 14 1.0145 1.3129e+2 6.2953e+1 7.3414e+2 0.6
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 15 1.2559 7.0447e+1 6.7643e+1 8.4670e+2 3.6
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 16 1.5584 4.2245e+1 6.7033e+1 9.3891e+2 5.3
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 17 1.9493 2.2802e+1 7.0219e+1 1.0748e+3 18.5
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 18 2.4626 1.5583e+1 6.1692e+1 1.1323e+3 6.8
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 19 3.0981 1.0010e+1 5.6809e+1 1.2187e+3 34.6
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 20 3.8833 5.1514e+0 6.0988e+1 1.4137e+3 44.1
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 21 4.8655 3.7640e+0 5.1783e+1 1.4582e+3 52.6
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 22 6.1163 7.9410e-1 1.0019e+2 2.2741e+3 199.1
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 23 7.7035 1.5104e+0 4.4472e+1 1.7003e+3 13.5
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 24 9.6681 8.8540e-1 4.3562e+1 1.8852e+3 113.2
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 25 12.142 9.1543e-1 2.9166e+1 1.7288e+3 167.0
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 26 15.283 1.6923e-1 6.1388e+1 2.8138e+3 205.0
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 27 19.226 2.9407e-1 2.8980e+1 2.1683e+3 183.6
2 84.00 8 Hz 3.30 28 24.191 3.7493e-1 1.6808e+1 1.8524e+3 63.8
2 88.00 8 Hz 3.50 1 0.043 3.5985e+5 1.5033e+1 7.3859e+1 0.5
2 88.00 8 Hz 3.50 2 0.0734 1.3595e+5 2.1816e+1 1.1625e+2 0.5
2 88.00 8 Hz 3.50 3 0.1038 6.2277e+4 2.6365e+1 1.5197e+2 0.4
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .

A TEM avg file contains averaged TEM data for discrete times. TEM version 1 avg files are produced by the
Zonge data processing program TEMAVG, which reads files with repeat readings, averages them and
calculates measurement error from variation between repeats. Avg files are usually archived together with
GDP-format files (raw) and station location files (stn). Avg files are used by Zonge programs that provide
plots, options for further data processing, or modeling.

Comment lines preceded by a “\”, “/”, “!” or “”” in column 1 may be placed anywhere within avg files. Data
processing mode lines preceded by a “$” in column 1 may also be present. A line holding column labels
must precede the numerical data. Column order is not fixed and all columns may not be present in a
particular file. Missing values are flagged by a “*”. Numerical values are free format with columns
separated by spaces or commas.

TEMTRIM v3.20 8
TEM version 1 avg file column definitions:

Skp - skip flag, 2 = good data, 1= bad data, 0 = very bad data.
Station - receiver station number in unscaled and unshifted units.
Freq. - repetition rate frequency (hertz).
Cmp - measured field component (Hx, Hy or Hz).
Amps - peak-to-peak square-wave current (amps).
Window - time window index.
Time - time window center (msec).
Magnitude - dB/dt magnitude (uV/amp).
RampAppRes - ramp-corrected apparent resistivity (ohm-m) (only calculated for in-loop data).
Depth - diffusion depth = 28*sqrt(resistivity*time) (m) (only calculated for in-loop data).
%Mag - relative dB/dt magnitude error (percent).

TEM version 2 avg file fomat

As of March 2005, TEM data may also be stored in a “version 2” TEM avg file, which has the same
fundamental format as version 1 files, but holds many more survey configuration parameters and uses a
different set of data column labels. TEMINV v3.20 reads both version 1 and 2 avg files, but it writes data to
the version 2 format.

As with version 1 avg files, version 2 format avg files may have comment lines preceded by a “\”, “/”, “!” or “””
in column 1 anywhere within the file, although they are normally grouped at the top of the file.

Metadata records with a leading “$” character are also present and play a large role in recording information
that does not fit into a tabular spreadsheet format. Metadata records have a
$program:group.variable=value(s) format. The program name is optional, but if present the metadata record
is ignored if the program name is not temtrim or tem. Version 2 metadata keywords generally have a
group.variable structure with the group name unifying keywords with a common theme. An equals sign
separates the keyword from one or more comma-separated values. String values which may include
commas as part of the value, instead of as a separator, should be enclosed in quotes.

Records with a leading letter are interpreted to column label lines. A line holding column labels must
precede numerical data. Column label matching is not case sensitive, but does not allow substring
matching. Column order is not fixed and all possible columns may not be present in a particular file. If an
essential column is missing (Twin.Center or dBdt.mag), temtrim will show a warning message and abort
input.

Numeric data records begin with a leading number. Numerical values are free format with columns
separated by either spaces or commas, although comma separated values are preferred. Missing numeric
values are flagged by a “*” symbol or a missing value bracketed by commas. .

TEMTRIM v3.20 9
Partial listing of MVLsample2.avg file, a “version 2” TEM average file.:

\ TEMAVG 7.20: "STEMDEMO.FLD", Dated 92-01-03, Processed 08 Sep 93

\ TEM data reviewed with TEMTRIM v3.20a on 12/04/05
$ Job.Name = "In-Loop TEM"
$ Job.Area = "Zonge Tucson"
$ Job.For = "TEMTRIM Documentation"
$ Job.By = "Zonge"
$ Job.Number = "9200"
$ Job.Date = April 2005
$ Survey.Type = LOTEM
$ Survey.Array = INL
$ Line.Name = "0"
$ Line.Number = 0
$ Line.Azimuth = N20W
$ Stn.GdpBeg = 84
$ Stn.GdpInc = 2
$ Stn.Beg = 84
$ Stn.Inc = 2
$ Unit.Length = ft
$ Unit.Time = msec
$ Unit.dBdt = uV/A
$ Unit.B = pT/A
$ Tx.Length = 400,400 ft
$ Tx.Area = 1.4864E+04 m^2

$ Gdp.TxStn = 84
$ Gdp.RxStn = 84
$ Tx.Stn = 84
$ Tx.Center = 0,0 ft
$ Tx.Freq = 8
$ Tx.Amp = 3.7
$ Tx.Ramp = 72 usec
$ Rx.Stn = 84
$ Rx.Center = 5595,5887 ft
$ Rx.HPR = 240,0
$ Rx.Area = 1.0000E+04 m^2
$ Rx.Cmp = Hz
TWin.Index,TWin.Center,TWin.Beg,TWin.End,dBdt.Mag,dBdt.Err,dBdt.%Err,dBdt.Wgt,ARes.Mag,Depth.Image
1, 4.6000E-2, 3.5694E-2, 5.9282E-2, 3.23430E+05, 1.62E+03, 0.5, 1.0, 1.667E+01, 8.044E+1
2, 7.6400E-2, 5.9282E-2, 9.0330E-2, 1.30970E+05, 5.24E+02, 0.4, 1.0, 2.176E+01, 1.184E+2
3, 1.0680E-1, 9.0330E-2, 1.2105E-1, 6.68700E+04, 2.67E+02, 0.4, 1.0, 2.418E+01, 1.476E+2
4, 1.3720E-1, 1.2105E-1, 1.5164E-1, 3.98000E+04, 1.19E+02, 0.3, 1.0, 2.546E+01, 1.717E+2
5, 1.6760E-1, 1.5164E-1, 1.8217E-1, 2.56150E+04, 7.68E+01, 0.3, 1.0, 2.656E+01, 1.938E+2
6, 1.9800E-1, 1.8217E-1, 2.1935E-1, 1.72970E+04, 5.19E+01, 0.3, 1.0, 2.776E+01, 2.154E+2
7, 2.4300E-1, 2.1935E-1, 2.7179E-1, 1.04030E+04, 3.12E+01, 0.3, 1.0, 2.950E+01, 2.460E+2
8, 3.0400E-1, 2.7179E-1, 3.3302E-1, 5.60440E+03, 2.24E+01, 0.4, 1.0, 3.255E+01, 2.890E+2
9, 3.6480E-1, 3.3302E-1, 4.0064E-1, 3.25640E+03, 6.51E+00, 0.2, 1.0, 3.590E+01, 3.325E+2
10, 4.4000E-1, 4.0064E-1, 4.8355E-1, 1.83470E+03, 1.83E+00, 0.1, 1.0, 3.985E+01, 3.847E+2
11, 5.3140E-1, 4.8355E-1, 5.8817E-1, 1.00400E+03, 7.03E+00, 0.7, 1.0, 4.475E+01, 4.480E+2
12, 6.5100E-1, 5.8817E-1, 7.2952E-1, 5.16520E+02, 3.62E+00, 0.7, 1.0, 5.096E+01, 5.291E+2
13, 8.1750E-1, 7.2952E-1, 9.1069E-1, 2.55430E+02, 6.90E+00, 2.7, 1.0, 5.697E+01, 6.269E+2
14, 1.0145E+0, 9.1069E-1, 1.1288E+0, 1.31290E+02, 7.88E-01, 0.6, 1.0, 6.295E+01, 7.341E+2
15, 1.2559E+0, 1.1288E+0, 1.3990E+0, 7.04470E+01, 2.54E+00, 3.6, 1.0, 6.764E+01, 8.467E+2
16, 1.5584E+0, 1.3990E+0, 1.7429E+0, 4.22450E+01, 2.24E+00, 5.3, 1.0, 6.703E+01, 9.389E+2
17, 1.9493E+0, 1.7429E+0, 2.1910E+0, 2.28020E+01, 4.22E+00, 18.5, 1.0, 7.022E+01, 1.075E+3
18, 2.4626E+0, 2.1910E+0, 2.7621E+0, 1.55830E+01, 1.06E+00, 6.8, 1.0, 6.169E+01, 1.132E+3
19, 3.0981E+0, 2.7621E+0, 3.4686E+0, 1.00100E+01, 3.46E+00, 34.6, 1.0, 5.681E+01, 1.219E+3
20, 3.8833E+0, 3.4686E+0, 4.3467E+0, 5.15140E+00, 2.27E+00, 44.1, 1.0, 6.099E+01, 1.414E+3
21, 4.8655E+0, 4.3467E+0, 5.4552E+0, 3.76400E+00, 1.98E+00, 52.6, 1.0, 5.178E+01, 1.458E+3
22, 6.1163E+0, 5.4552E+0, 6.8642E+0, 7.94100E-01, 1.58E+00, 199.1, 0.0, 1.002E+02, 2.274E+3
23, 7.7035E+0, 6.8642E+0, 8.6301E+0, 1.51040E+00, 2.04E-01, 13.5, 1.0, 4.447E+01, 1.700E+3
24, 9.6681E+0, 8.6301E+0, 1.0835E+1, 8.85400E-01, 1.00E+00, 113.2, 1.0, 4.356E+01, 1.885E+3
25, 1.2142E+1, 1.0835E+1, 1.3622E+1, 9.15430E-01, 1.53E+00, 167.0, 0.0, 2.917E+01, 1.729E+3
26, 1.5283E+1, 1.3622E+1, 1.7141E+1, 1.69230E-01, 3.47E-01, 205.0, 0.0, 6.139E+01, 2.814E+3
27, 1.9226E+1, 1.7141E+1, 2.1566E+1, 2.94070E-01, 5.40E-01, 183.6, 1.0, 2.898E+01, 2.168E+3
28, 2.4191E+1, 2.1566E+1, 2.7135E+1, 3.74930E-01, 2.39E-01, 63.8, 0.0, 1.681E+01, 1.852E+3

TEMTRIM v3.20 10
TEM version 2 avg file metadata keywords:
Job.Name = string, project name (< 128 char)
Job.Area = string, project area (< 128 char)
Job.For = string, client name (< 128 char)
Job.By = string, contractor name (< 128 char)
Job.Number = string, identifying job label (< 16 char)
Job.Date = string, data acquisiton date (< 16 char)
Survey.Type = enumeration, {LOTEM,TEM,CSAMT,NSAMT,CR,RPIP,TDIP}
Survey.Array = enumeration, TEM array {FXL,MVL,INL,COL,LOT,CNT}
Line.Name = string, arbitrary line "number" (<16 char)
Line.Number = float, line number, used for coordinate interpolation
Line.Azimuth = float, azimuth (deg E of N) or string = NnnE bearing format
Stn.GdpBeg = float, minimum gdp stn number, used for gdp to final stn #
scaling
Stn.GdpInc = float, gdp stn number increment
Stn.Beg = float, final stn number
Stn.Inc = float, final stn number increment
Unit.Length = enumeration, length units {m,ft}
Unit.Time = enumeration, transient-delay time units {usec,msec,sec}
Unit.dBdt = enumeration, dB/dt unit {uV/A,nV/Am2}
Unit.B = enumeration, B unit {pT/A,uT/A,nT}
Tx.Length = float, Tx loop side length (length units)
Tx.Area = float, Tx loop area (m^2)
Gdp.Blk = float, gdp data block number for traceback
Gdp.Time = string, gdp data acquisition time (hh:mm:ss.sss) (<16 char)
Gdp.TxStn = float, original gdp Tx.Stn value
Gdp.RxStn = float, original gdp Rx.Stn value
Tx.Stn = float, Tx center stn #
Tx.Center = floats, Tx center east,north,elevation (length units)
Tx.Freq = float, Tx repetition rate (hertz)
Tx.Amp = float, Tx peak current (amps)
Tx.Ramp = float, Tx turn-off ramp extent (usec)
Rx.Stn = float, Rx coil stn number
Rx.Center = floats, Rx coil east,north,elevation
Rx.HPR = floats, Rx cmp orientation (heading,pitch,roll deg)
Rx.Area = float, Rx coil effective area (m^2)
Rx.Cmp = enumeration, Rx component {Hx,Hy,Hz}

TEM version 2 avg file column labels:

TWin.Index = time window index
TWin.Center = time window geometric center (msec)
TWin.Beg = time window beginning (msec)
TWin.End = time window end (msec)
dBdt.Mag = dB/dt magnitude (uV/A)
dBdt.Err = dB/dt error (uV/A)
dBdt.%Err = dB/dt relative error (percent)
dBdt.Wgt = dB/dt data skip-flag weight (0=skip,1=use)
ARes.Mag = apparent resistivity (ohm-m)
Depth.Image = image section plot-point depth (length units)

TEMTRIM v3.20 11
 STN file - station location and optional orientation

Listing of MVLsample2.stn:

Station,Easting,Northing,Elevation,Heading,Pitch,Roll
84.0, 5595, 5887, 2030, 240, 0, 0
86.0, 5533, 6079, 2035, 240, 0, 0
88.0, 5471, 6271, 2040, 240, 0, 0
90.0, 5410, 6463, 2040, 240, 0, 0
92.0, 5348, 6654, 2045, 240, 0, 0
94.0, 5287, 6846, 2050, 240, 0, 0
96.0, 5225, 7038, 2055, 240, 0, 0
98.0, 5164, 7230, 2060, 240, 0, 0
100.0, 5102, 7422, 2060, 240, 0, 0
102.0, 5041, 7613, 2070, 240, 0, 0
104.0, 4979, 7805, 2070, 240, 0, 0
106.0, 4918, 7997, 2080, 240, 0, 0
108.0, 4856, 8189, 2080, 240, 0, 0
110.0, 4795, 8381, 2090, 240, 0, 0
112.0, 4733, 8572, 2090, 240, 0, 0
114.0, 4671, 8764, 2100, 240, 0, 0
116.0, 4610, 8956, 2100, 240, 0, 0
118.0, 4548, 9148, 2110, 240, 0, 0
120.0, 4487, 9340, 2120, 240, 0, 0
122.0, 4425, 9531, 2120, 240, 0, 0

Stn files hold information about station locations in a tabular format with space or comma separated values.
A STN file should have at least two entries, corresponding to the first and last stations. Additional entries
may be necessary to trace out topographic changes or curved lines. Heading, pitch and roll columns are
optional and are used when there is variation in the orientation of EM components along along line (or down
hole). Down-hole measurements or continuously recording cart-mounted or marine TEM systems generally
have variable x,y,z component orientation along the length of the survey line (or hole). TEMTRIM assumes
that station numbers are related to distance along line, but that precise scaling may vary due to survey error
or topography. Station number values are used to linearly interpolate (easting, northing, elevation ,[heading,
pitch, roll], [line]) coordinates of stations without a matching entry in the STN file. If station numbers are
scaled by entries in the MDE file, STN-file station numbers should be in the scaled and shifted final station
numbers defined by Rx.Stn and Tx.Stn in version 2 avg files, not the unscaled and unshifted GDP station
numbers saved in Gdp.RxStn and Gdp.TxStn.

Some grid coordinate systems, such as UTM coordinates, can generate very large coordinate values.
TEMINV stores station locations as floating-point numbers with about seven significant figures. It may be
necessary to subtract a constant from large coordinate values in order to allow accurate representation with
seven significant figures.

Records beginning with a leading !, “, / or \ character are interpreted as comment lines and are
skipped.Records beginning with a letter are interpreted to be column labels lines, and lines beginning with a
number are input as tabular numeric data. Stn files should have a column label record before any numeric
data. Columns may be in any order and label matching is done by searching for the case-insensitive
substrings station, east, north, elev, heading, pitch, roll and line. Columns station, east, north, elevation
must be present. Heading, pitch and roll columns are optional and are used for down-hole or continuous
recording surveys. Stn files generally hold data for one line, but to if it is more convenient to combine
location data for multiple lines into a single station file, a “line” column can be used to segregate data by line
number. If a line column is present, temtrim drops all stn file data that do not have a value matching the
floating point Line.Number (the numeric part of Line.Name)

TEMTRIM v3.20 12
STN file column definitions:

Station - client station numbers, scaled from gdp stn numbers by

Rx.Stn = (Gdp.RxStn – Stn.GdpBeg)*Stn.Inc/Stn.GdpInc + Stn.Beg.
Easting = grid east (m or ft, length units specified be Unit.Length)
Northing = grid north (m or ft)
Elevation = elevation (m or ft)
Heading = x component heading (deg east of north)
Pitch = x component pitch (deg up from horizontal)
Roll = y component rotation about x axis (0=z positive up, 180=z positive down)
Line = line number (specified as Line.Number in version 2 avg file metadata)

TEMTRIM v3.20 13
 AMIRA TEM and CHN files – an Australian TEM data file format

Partial listing of MVLsample2.tem:

TEM data reviewed with TEMTRIM v3.20a on 12/04/05
DATATYPE:TEM INSTRUMENT:ZONGE UNITS:(uV/A) CHANNELFILE:MVLsample2.chn INITDELAY:.0720 F:U
\ Project:In-Loop TEM
\ for TEMTRIM Documentation
\ Job by Zonge", on April 2005
\ Window Times:
LOOP LINE STN EAST NORTH RL TxArea CUR RMP G C NCH
84 0 84 5595 5887 2030 1.486E+4 3.3 0.072 8 Z 28
88 0 88 5471 6271 2040 1.486E+4 3.5 0.072 8 Z 28
92 0 92 5348 6654 2045 1.486E+4 3.5 0.072 8 Z 28
96 0 96 5225 7038 2055 1.486E+4 3.2 0.072 8 Z 28
100 0 100 5102 7422 2060 1.486E+4 3.5 0.072 8 Z 28

AMIRA-format TEM and CHN files are in a standard format widely used in Australia. AMIRA .tem files hold
survey configuration metadata, optional station locations and TEM transient data in a column-oriented profile
format. AMIRA.tem generally have an associated.chn file with TEM transient delay times. Comment lines
starting with a \ may appear anywhere in AMIRA-format files. Other than comment lines, AMIRA TEM file
records fall into three categories. First, TEM files must start with a single unflagged comment line which
may contain any text and is ignored by programs reading the file. Second is is a line of keywords and
keyword values, each with a keyword=value or keyword:value format separated by spaces. Keywords can
contain letters and numbers, but no other special characters or spaces. Third is a list of column labels which
are space separated keywords indicating the content of columns in subsequent numerical records. The
remainder of a .tem file is a block of numeric records in space separated columns. Missing values are
indicated by a * symbol.
Most keywords can be either in the keyword line or used as column labels. If a parameter has a constant
value for all stations, then it is best specified as a constant in the keyword record. If it varies, then it must
included as a column of values. The minimum required columns include STATION and CH1, CH2, …, all
other columns are optional.

AMIRA Keywords recognized by STEMINV

UNITS = uV/A, nV/Am2 or nT/sec (default = uV/A)
CONFIGURATION or CONFIG = Moving_Loop, Slingram, InLoop, In_Loop, InOut,
Fixed, FixedLoop, Fixed_Loop (default = moving-loop)
If CONFIG type doesn't start with Fixed, STEMINV assumes a moving loop survey
CHANNELFILE = channel file name (default = same file name stem as *.tem file)
PROFILE = line number
NCH or NUMTIMES = # transient delay time windows, also read from *.chn file
FREQUENCY, FREQ or F = transmitter repetition rate (hertz)
CURRENT, CURR or CUR = transmitter current (amps)
TURNOFF, RAMP or RMP = transmitter turn-off ramp time (msec)
INIT_DELAY, INITDELAY or INIT = offset between beginning of Tx ramp and transient time = 0
(msec) (default = 0)
TXAREA or LOOPAREA = Tx loop area (m^2)
RXAREA = Rx effective loop area (m^2)

Custom comment lines with Tx loop center coordinates

/TXCX = Tx loop easting
/TXCY = Tx loop northing

TEMTRIM v3.20 14
AMIRA Column Labels recognized by STEMINV
STATION or STN = station numbers (required column)
LINE or PROFILE = line number (optional column)
LSIDE = Tx loop width (m) (optional column)
CURRENT or CUR = Tx current (optional column)
COMPONENT or C = Rx component (X,Y,Z,A,U,V,C,I)
NUMTIMES or NCH = number of dB/dt values, also in channel file
CH1, CH2, CH3, ... or CH01, CH02, CH03, ... = dB/dt values (required columns)

Listing of MVLsample2.chn:
Zonge GDP delay times w.r.t. end of Tx ramp (msec).
NUMTIMES:28
DELAY
4.6000E-2
7.6400E-2
0.1068
0.1372
0.1676
0.1980
0.2430
0.3040
0.3648
0.4400
0.5314
0.6510
0.8175
1.015
1.256
1.558
1.949
2.463
3.098
3.883
4.865
6.116
7.703
9.668
12.14
15.28
19.23
24.19

TEMTRIM v3.20 15
 Interprex USF files – an Interprex “Universal Sounding Format”

Usf files are used for importing a sounding data from a variety of electrical and electromagnetic methods into
Interprex modeling programs. Complete documentation of the usf format may be found at the Interprex web
site, www.interprex.com.

Partial listing of MVLsample2.usf:

! TEM data reviewed with TEMTRIM v3.20a on 12/04/05
! Job.Area: Zonge Tucson
! Job.For: TEMTRIM Documentation
! Job.By: Zonge
! Job.Date: April 2005

//USF: Universal Sounding Format

//SOUNDINGS: 11
//END

/ARRAY: CENTRAL LOOP TEM

/SOUNDING_NAME: 122
/DATE: 20050412
/PROFILE: 0
/AZIMUTH: 340
/Z_DIRECTION: UP
/LENGTH_UNITS: ft
/VOLTAGE_UNITS: V/AM2
/DUMMY: *
/INSTRUMENT: "Zonge TEM"
/SWEEPS: 1
/LOOP_SIZE: 400,400
/LOOP_TURNS:1
/LOCATION: 5595,5887,2030
/FREQUENCY: 8
/CURRENT: 3.3
/RAMP_TIME: 7.2000E-05
/COIL_SIZE: 1.0000E+4
/POINTS: 24
/END

INDEX, TIME, WIDTH, VOLTAGE

1, 1.1800E-4, 2.3589E-5, 3.23430E-05
2, 1.4840E-4, 3.1048E-5, 1.30970E-05
3, 1.7880E-4, 3.0719E-5, 6.68700E-06
4, 2.0920E-4, 3.0591E-5, 3.98000E-06
5, 2.3960E-4, 3.0527E-5, 2.56150E-06
6, 2.7276E-4, 3.7182E-5, 1.72970E-06
7, 3.1757E-4, 5.2445E-5, 1.04030E-06
8, 3.7600E-4, 6.1221E-5, 5.60440E-07
9, 4.3883E-4, 6.7624E-5, 3.25640E-07
10, 5.1409E-4, 8.2906E-5, 1.83470E-07
11, 6.0786E-4, 1.0462E-4, 1.00400E-07
12, 7.3084E-4, 1.4135E-4, 5.16520E-08
13, 8.9210E-4, 1.8117E-4, 2.55430E-08
14, 1.0917E-3, 2.1808E-4, 1.31290E-08
15, 1.3359E-3, 2.7023E-4, 7.04470E-09
16, 1.6430E-3, 3.4393E-4, 4.22450E-09
17, 2.0389E-3, 4.4804E-4, 2.28020E-09
18, 2.5486E-3, 5.7116E-4, 1.55830E-09
19, 3.1873E-3, 7.0642E-4, 1.00100E-09
20, 3.9796E-3, 8.7819E-4, 5.15140E-10
21, 4.9730E-3, 1.1084E-3, 3.76400E-10
23, 7.8191E-3, 1.7659E-3, 1.51040E-10
24, 9.8044E-3, 2.2046E-3, 8.85400E-11
27, 1.9426E-2, 4.4246E-3, 2.94070E-11
/END

TEMTRIM v3.20 16
Comment lines with a leading ! may appear anywhere in a usf file. TEMTRIM puts a block of comment lines
with descriptive information at the beginning of its usf files. TEMTRIM writes only vertical component data to
usf files, dropping all horizontal component data, since TEM “soundings” generally rely on dBz/dt.

A main header block is required and specifies the number of soundings saved in the usf file.
//USF: Universal Sounding Format
//SOUNDINGS: 11
//END

USF – Zonge keyword synonyms.

Each sounding is preceded by a data header block with /keyword: value records specifying the survey
configuration.
/ARRAY: = Survey.Array = TEM array type enumeration
/SOUNDING_NAME: = Rx.Stn = stn number
/DATE: = Job.Date = data acquisition date
/PROFILE: = Line.Name = line “number” string
/AZIMUTH: = Line.Azimuth = line azimuth (deg E of north)
/Z_DIRECTION: = Rx.HPR = roll=0=z+ up, roll=180=z+down
/LENGTH_UNITS: = Unit.Length = m or ft length units
/VOLTAGE_UNITS: = Unit.dBdt = dB/dt units (usf= V/AM2, Zonge=uV/A)
/DUMMY: * = represents missing or invalid data
/INSTRUMENT: "Zonge TEM" = always set to Zonge TEM by TEMTRIM
/SWEEPS: 1 = always set to 1 by TEMTRIM v3.20
/LOOP_SIZE: = Tx.Length = rectangular Tx loop size (length units)
/LOOP_TURNS:1 = Tx.Turns = number of Tx loop turns
/LOCATION: = Rx.Center = Rx coil location (east,north,elevation)
/FREQUENCY: = Tx.Freq = Tx repetition rate (hertz)
/CURRENT: = Tx.Amp = Tx current (amps)
/RAMP_TIME: = Tx.Ramp = Tx ramp time (usf=sec,zonge=usec)
/COIL_SIZE: = Rx.Area = Rx coil/loop effective area (m^2)
/POINTS: = number of points in transient

USF file column labels

INDEX = time window index
TIME = time-window arithmetic centers = (TW_begin + TW_end)/2 in seconds
with respect to the beginning of the Tx turn-off ramp.
(Note that Zonge formats use geometric centers = sqrt(TW_begin*TW_end) in
msec with respect to the end of the Tx turn-off ramp.)
WIDTH = time-window width (sec)
(Note that Zonge and AMIRA formats use msec.)
VOLTAGE = dB/dt magnitude (V/Am2)
(Note that Zonge avg and z files use uV/A.)

TEMTRIM v3.20 17
 Z file - TEM data format for ZPLOT plotting

The .Z file is a format specialized for use by the Zonge plotting program ZPLOT. For general use, the avg
file format is preferred because it retains much more information about the survey configuration and includes
measurement error estimates.

TEMAVG 7.36 Contour file.

/* 01 Jun 96
$ DATE= 96-06-01
$ ZPLOT: DATA= TIME
Cl Cn Ce Ns Nd Yl Plot file 1
0 1 0 3 1 0
TRANSIENT EM SURVEY DATA
Window MAGNITUDE
values in microV/ampere
Component: Hz, Rxna: 10000.0
$ CONTOUR= NONE
$ PROFILE= AUTO
$ POST = NONE
IIxxxxxxxxYYYYYYYYzzzzzzzzzzzz AAA ffffffffwwww
2 0.00 0.0366 -9.55983e+03 32Hz W 1
2 0.00 0.06712-7.14530e+03 32Hz W 2
2 0.00 0.09764-4.06307e+03 32Hz W 3
2 0.00 0.12815-1.77413e+03 32Hz W 4
2 0.00 0.15867-3.56687e+02 32Hz W 5
2 0.00 0.18919 4.20503e+02 32Hz W 6
2 0.00 0.23438 8.54600e+02 32Hz W 7
2 0.00 0.29555 8.91040e+02 32Hz W 8
2 0.00 0.35667 7.21070e+02 32Hz W 9
2 0.00 0.43215 4.96700e+02 32Hz W10
2 0.00 0.52393 2.99623e+02 32Hz W11
2 0.00 0.64389 1.54230e+02 32Hz W12
2 0.00 0.81105 6.28587e+01 32Hz W13
2 0.00 1.00886 2.35730e+01 32Hz W14
2 0.00 1.25118 7.84533e+00 32Hz W15
2 0.00 1.55483 2.14923e+00 32Hz W16
2 0.00 1.9473 7.98333e-02 32Hz W17
2 0.00 2.46251-1.83467e-01 32Hz W18
2 0.00 3.10054-2.50000e-01 32Hz W19
2 0.00 3.88871-4.03267e-01 32Hz W20
2 0.00 4.87477-3.67400e-01 32Hz W21
2 0.00 6.13034-2.57000e-01 32Hz W22
2 25.00 0.0366 -1.15100e+04 32Hz W 1
2 25.00 0.06712-7.85410e+03 32Hz W 2
2 25.00 0.09764-3.92493e+03 32Hz W 3
2 25.00 0.12815-1.34250e+03 32Hz W 4
2 25.00 0.15867 1.16260e+02 32Hz W 5
2 25.00 0.18919 8.42287e+02 32Hz W 6
: : : : : : :
: : : : : : :
9999.0

Z files are used for storing plot file data in multiple (skp,x,y,z) data blocks. Numerical values are stored in a
fixed format, so column position is important. Numerical field widths are indicated by the “IxYz” record

TEMTRIM v3.20 18
preceding numerical data. A “IxYz” record flags the beginning of a block of numerical (skp,x,y,z) data and a
9999.0 value flags the end of the block. For STEMINV input, the Z file must have TEM magnitude data.

Description of lines in sample Z file:

$ ZPLOT: DATA= FLOG - mode line, y-value data type (log(freq))

$ ASPACE = 60.960m - receiver dipole length
AMTAVG 7.20 - program name and version that generated this file.
Cl Cn Ce Ns Nd Yl - labels for integer contour control flags.
Cl - label for contour type: 0 = linear
1 = logarithmic
2 = pseudo-log: Pseudo-log contours = positive and negative values are contoured
separately, using log10(abs(value)), plus a zero contour.
Cn - label for number of contours per interval.
Ce - label for exponent of the contour interval, interval=10^Ce.
Ns - label for number of significant digits when posting values.
Values: -1, 3, 4, 5. (-1 = free format for small values)
Nd - label for the number of digits after the decimal.
Yl - label for vertical axis: 0 = none
1 = log frequency axis
2 = linear frequency axis
3 = linear depth
1 5 0 3 1 1 - integer values for contour control flags.
1 - value of Cl => logarithmic contours
5 - value of Cn => 5 contours per "interval"
0 - value of Ce => interval=10 <= > Ce=1
3 - value of Ns => use 3 significant digits for contouring
1 - value of Nd => plot 1 digit after the decimal
1 - value of Yl => log frequency axis
TEM SURVEY DATA - Data description for this plot file. Two to six lines are available.
values in microV/ampere ZPLOT plots these lines as title annotation.
Component: Hz, Rxna: 10000.0
$ CONTOUR= NONE - ZPLOT plot control keywords, no contours.
$ PROFILE= AUTO - plot magnitude profiles.
$ POST = NONE - do not post data values.
IIxxxxxxxxYYYYYYYYzzzzzzzzzzzz - Header line for the data that follows.
II - skip flag field:
0 = Skip this line of data.
1 = Omit for contouring, but post the bracketed value.
2 = Use for contouring and post the value (most common).
3 = Label a point or station by plotting a symbol under the X-axis at the X-coordinate.
4 = Use for contouring, post the symbol and not the value. Used for depth plots where
interpolated values are used at the bottom of the plot to improve gridding.
5 = Use to set plot limits, do not contour or post. Used for depth plots to set zero depth.
Also used to provide a margin around the data, as for plan maps.
xxxxxxxx - x value field, usually unscaled and unshifted station numbers.
YYYYYYYY - y value field, for TEM, time window center (msec).
zzzzzzzzzzzz - z value field, to be plotted at (x,y) when skip flag=1, 2, or 4.
AAA - annotation field, when skip flag=1 or 2, ZPLOT posts any characters in the AAA column instead of
plotting the z value. When skip flag=3, ZPLOT plots a symbol below the x-axis at the x-value according to
an integer in column AAA. A zero or positive integer refers to symbols in TABLE 1 of the PLOT Manual.
A negative integer refers to topographic symbols in the CTOPO Manual.
ffffffff - repetition rate frequency (hertz).
wwww - time window number.
9999.0 - marks end of (stn,x,y,z) data block.

TEMTRIM v3.20 19