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Leydig’s Cell – interstitial cells in each lobule it takes at least 12 to 20 days for them to travel the length
Responsible for production of testosterone of the epididymis, -total of 64 days for them to reach
maturation
Testosterone: The most prevalent androgen.
Promotes the development of masculine VAS DEFERENS (DUCTUS DEFERENS)
characteristics. Promotes a man’s libido
Seminiferous Tubules: Produce spermatozoa Carries sperm from the epididymis through the
(Spermatogenesis) inguinal canal in the abdominal cavity.
It ends at the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory
PENIS: ducts.
Organ of copulation SEMINAL VESICLES
3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue:
2 convoluted pouches.
the corpus spongiosum expands to form the glans penis
Lie on the lower portion of the posterior surface
which covers the distal ends of the corpora cavernosa.
of the urinary bladder.
-prepuce (foreskin): hoodlike fold of skin that Empty into the urethra by way of the ejaculatory
covers the glans ducts.
the urethra passes through these layers of Function: Secretes viscous portion of the semen:
erectile tissue
the penis serves as the outlet for both the uri-nary High in sugar
and the reproductive tracts in men Protein
Prostaglandins
Sperm becomes increasingly motile because of
the nutrients and more favorable pH
EJACULATORY DUCTS
Subtracting 14 days from the usual menstrual cycle then Right and Left Innominate Bones (Flaring hip bones)
account one on the first day of bleeding. forms the anterior and lateral portion of the
RELATED STRUCTURES ring
Ilium
Breast Ischium
Pubis
Accessory organs of reproduction.
Composed of glandular, fibrous and adipose 1. Ilium forms the upper and lateral portion; the flaring
tissue. superior border forms the prominence of the hip (crest of
15 to 20 lobes on each breast. the ilium)
Each lobe is divided into several lobules.
2. Ischium: the inferior portion
Contains acini – cells that produces milk.
ischial tuberosity- two projections at the lowest
Nipple
portion of the ischium upon which a person sits,
A Small cylindrical body that projects slightly from markers to determine lower pelvic width pelvis
the center of each breast. ischial spines-small projections that extend from
Composed of erectile tissue which responds to the lateral aspects into the pelvic cavity, marks
tactile stimulation. the midpoint of the pelvis
Lactiferous Ducts – tip of the nipple is perforated
3.Pubis: the anterior portion
with 15 to 20 small opening.
Colostrum – a thin yellowish fluid composed of symphysis pubis-junction of the innominate
colostrum corpuscles, watery fluid and fat bones at the front of the pelvis
globules.
Contains more protein but less fat and Sacrum
sugar than matured milk.
forms the upper posterior portion of the pelvic
Continuous to be secreted until about
ring
3rd day postpartum.
the wedge bone at the back of the pelvis.
Estrogen and Progesterone SACRAL PROMINENCE: marked anterior
projection where it touches the lower lumbar
Inhibits the release of prolactin from the anterior vertebrae;
pituitary gland, thus lactation is suppressed. serves as the landmark for the pelvic
measurements
Oxytocin
Coccyx
Hormone from the posterior pituitary gland that
stimulate expression of milk from the lactating composed of five very small bones fused together
breast – Letdown Reflexes. located below the sacrum
Sounds of the infant crying may produce letdown Sacrococcygeal joint: the degree of movement
reflexes. permits the coccyx to be pressed backward,
Fright, pain or emotional stress may inhibit the allowing more room for the fetal head as it passes
letdown reflexes. through the bony pelvic ring at birth.
For obstetric purposes, the pelvis is further
PELVIS
subdivided by an imaginary line, the line
serves to support and protect the reproductive terminalis:
and other pelvic organs sacral prominence
superior aspect of the symphysis pubis 2. Anthropoid: transverse diameter is narrow; AP diameter
False Pelvis is larger than normal.
True Pelvis
3. Platypelloid: inlet has an oval, AP diameter is shallow.
1. False Pelvis (superior half)
4. Android "male" pelvis: inlet has a narrow, shallow
shallow upper part if the pelvis that supports the posterior portion and pointed anterior portion.
uterus during the late months of pregnancy
Measurements
aids in directing the fetus into the true pelvis for
birth 1. External - suggestive only of pelvic size.
2. True pelvis (inferior half) a. Intercristal: distance between the middle points of the
iliac crests. Average = 28 cm
lower, smaller but deeper part of the pelvis that
must be adequate for the delivery process. b. Interspinous : distance between the anterosuperior iliac
lies below the linea terminalis. spines. Average = 25 cm.
is also known as the bony birth canal.
c. lntertrochanteric : distance between ft trochanters of the
Inlet - entrance to the true pelvis femur. Average = 31 cm.