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EXTRAOCULAR

MUSCLE
Type of Extraocular Muscle
Voluntary Muscle
1) Four recti:
a) Superior rectus
b) Inferior rectus
c) Medial rectus
d) Lateral rectus
2) Two oblique:
a) Superior oblique
b) Inferior oblique
3) Levator palpebrae superioris elevate the upper
eyelid.
Involuntary Muscle:
1) Superior tarsal muscle is deeper portion of
Levator palpebrae superioris. It is inserted on the
upper margin of superior tarsus. It elevate the
upper eyelid.
2) Inferior tarsus muscle extends from the facial
sheath of inferior rectus and inferior oblique to
the lower margin of inferior tarsus. It possibly
depresses the lower eyelid.
3) Orbitalis bridges the inferior orbital fissure.
Voluntary Muscle
Origin
• Four recti arises from common annular tendon or
tendinous ring of zinn. Ring is attached to the
middle part of superior orbital fissure.
• Superior oblique arise from under surface of
lesser wings of sphenoid bone, superomedial to
optic canal.
• Inferior oblique arises from orbital surface of
maxilla, lateral to lacrimal groove.
• Levator palpebrae superioris arises from orbital
surface of lesser wings of sphenoid bone,
anterosuperior to optic canal.
Insertion
• Recti inserted into sclera, little posterior to
limbus( cornea -scleral junction)
• Average distance of insertion from the cornea
are: superior7.7mm, inferior 6.5mm, medial
5.5mm, lateral 6.9mm.
• The tendon of superior oblique passes through
fibrocartilaginous pulley attached to trochlear
fossa of frontal bone. The tendon the passes
laterally, downward and backward below the
superior rectus inserted into sclera behind the
equator of eyeball, between superior rectus and
lateral rectus.
• Inferior oblique passes laterally, upward and
backward below the inferior rectus deep to
lateral rectus inserted close to superior oblique.
• Tendon of Levator split into superior or voluntary
and inferior involuntary lamellae.
• Superior lamellae inserted into anterior surface
of superior tarsus and skin to upper eyelid.
• Inferior lamellae inserted into upper margin of
superior tarsus and superior conjunctival fornix.
Nerve supply
• Superior oblique
is supplied by 4th
cranial or
trochlear nerve.
• Lateral rectus is
supplied by 6th
or Abducent
nerve.
• Remaining five
3rd or
Oculomotor
nerve.
Action
Around transverse axis:
• Upward or elevation
• Downward or Depression
Around vertical axis:
• Medial rotation or adduction
• Lateral rotation or Abduction
Around an anteriorposterior:
• Intortion
• Extortion
OPTHALMIC ARTERY
Origin:- the ophthalmic artery is branch of cerebral part of
internal carotid artery, give off medial to anterior clenoid
process close to optic canal.

Course and relation:-


• The artery enters the orbit through optic canal, lying
inferolateral to optic nerve. Both artery and nerve lie in
common Dural sheath.

• In orbit, artery pierces the Dura mater, ascend over the lateral
side of optic nerve, and crosses above the optic nerve from
lateral to medial side along with nasocillary nerve.

• Then run forward along the medial side of orbit between


superior oblique and inferior rectus.

• It terminate near medial angle of eye by dividing into


supratrochlear and dorsal nasal branch.

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