TENSES

DIAJUKAN UNTUK MEMENUHI TUGAS MATA KULIAH BAHASA

INGGRIS

DOSEN PENGAMPU YANI LUBIS, S.Ag. M.Hum.

DISUSUN OLEH :

KELOMPOK 1 IKOM 1

1. CAHYA KHAIRANI NIM 0105192004

2. JENTAYU NIM 0105191075
3. RIZKY CHAIRUNNISA NIM 0105191071
4. ELZA HASYIM NASUTION NIM 0105191093
5. FAUZI WIRAHYUDA NIM 0105191072
6. ISMA RAHMADANI NIM 0105191076
7. DEDDY IRAWAN NIM 0105191079
8. INEKE FADILLAH NIM 0105191083
9. RINI LESTARI NASUTION NIM 0105191096

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KOMUNIKASI

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGRI SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2019
 PREFACE

The writer wants to thank Almighty God because of His bless and
grace, we can finish this paper. This paper titled ” Tenses”. We wrote it to
fulfill the assignment of the English subject.
The writer also delivers his gratitude to Mr. Yani Lubis,
S.Ag.M.Hum. , the English lecturer of UIN Sumatera Utara, for his
guidance to complete it. The writer realizes that this paper is far from
perfect in the arrangement or in the content of the paper. The writer hopes
that the suggestions from the reader can be a support to make her better
in the next paper project.
Finally, the writer expects that it can be a medium for the reader to
deepen the knowledge about Tenses

Medan, October 2019

Group 1,

Author

i
 TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE ............................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I ........................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 The Background of Study ..................................................................... 1
1.2 The Formulation of Study ..................................................................... 1
1.3 Purpose ................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II .......................................................................................................... 2
DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 2
2.1 Simple Present Tense ........................................................................... 2
2.2 Present Continuous Tense ................................................................... 5
2.3 Present Perfect Tense .......................................................................... 5
2.4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense ..................................................... 8
2.5 Simple Past Tense ................................................................................ 9
2.6 Past Continuous Tense ...................................................................... 11
2.7 Past Perfect Tense .............................................................................. 12
2.8 Past Perfect Continuous Tense ......................................................... 14
2.9 Simple Future Tense ........................................................................... 15
2.10 Future Continuous Tense. .............................................................. 16
2.11 Future Perfect Tense ....................................................................... 18
2.12 Future Perfect Continuous Tense ................................................. 19
2.13 Past Future Tense ........................................................................... 20
2.14 Past Future Continuous Tense ...................................................... 21
2.15 Past Future Perfect Tense .............................................................. 22
2.16 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense ........................................ 23
CHAPTER III ....................................................................................................... 25
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 25
3.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 25
3.2 Suggestion ............................................................................................ 25

ii
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of Study

English is the international language. By mastering English well, then

we will be able to communicate with other nations in this world. Also, we
will be able to add insight and our knowledge for the progress of our nation
and country, because we will be able to read English literature, listen to
radio broadcasts abroad, and watch other science films. Thus, in the end,
we can master the knowledge in all fields.

In addition to increasing understanding of international languages,

learning English at least will make it easier for us to get decent jobs, or for
our future knowledge. Understanding and mastering the international
language well and correctly certainly provides very good benefits for us all.

For this reason, the grammar must be understood in English first. In

addition to smoothing out the pronunciation, we will also understand how
to arrange the words to be spoken so that they become a coherent and
correct sentence according to the tenses.

1.2 The Formulation of Study

1. What are the types of tenses?

1.3 Purpose

1. To find out the types by a Tenses.

1
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tenseis a form of time that is used to express an action

or activity that is taking place or happening at the present time in the form
of a simple activity or work that is carried out repeatedly the daily habits of
events or actions that have nothing to do with time and to express general
truth.
Simple Present Tenseuse type"TO BE 1" and "VERB 1"
TO BE 1:am, is, are

I Am I
You You
They Are They Do / Don't
We We
He He
She Is She Does / Doesn't
It It

NOTE !

DO and DOES use in the question sentence.

DON'T (DO NOT) andDOESN'T (DOES NOT)use in thenegative
sentence.
TO BE 1 (am, is, are)use when a sentence does not have a verb
element(NON VERB)
Formula and example sentence Simple Present Tense

+ Subject + Verb 1 + Object

- Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T + Verb 1 + Object
? DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
? Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject + Verb 1?
Exemple :
+ I speak English everyday
She speaks English everyday
- I don't speak English
She doesn't speak English
Do you speak English?
? Jawaban: Yes I do, atau No, I don't
Does she speak English?
Jawaban: Yes She does, atau No, She
doesn’t
? Why do you speak English everyday ?

2
1

Warning !
Only in positive sentences for subject "He, She, It", use of the VERBmust
end with "s/es."addition“s/es”for inifinitiveis:

For exemp “-s”:

Work – Works
Write – Writes
Speak – Speaks

For exemp “ch, o, s, sh, x”addition end “-es”:

Pass - Passes
Finish - Finishes
Teach - Teaches
Go - Goes
Fix - Fixes

Verbs ending in letters “-y” and stars with a death letter, ending “-y”
changed into “-i” then added “-es”, exemple:
Study - Studies
Carry - Carries
Cry - Cries

Whereas the verb ends with the letter "-y" beginning with a vowel, it is
enough to add the suffix "-s", for example
:
Buy - Buys
Play - Plays
Say - Says

If the verb starts with an auxiliary verb (Capital Auxiliaries), then it doesn't
get the additional "s / es", for example:
He Will work
She Can open
He Must close

Simple Present Tense function on verbal sentences

1Expressing an action that becomes a habit or is done at certain
times(Habitual Action), exemple:

We study hard everyday.

She visits the library twice a month.

1
Abdurrazak, G. Y. 2012. “The Tense, Aspect, Mood-modality System of the
Turkish Spoken in Cyprus: A Socio-linguistic Perspective”. Tesis.London:University of
London.

3
Declare a truth or general reality, or a truth that is assumed to occur
continuously
(The General Truth), exemple:
A year has twelve months.
The sun rises in the East.

Express Simple Present Tense sentences that don't use verbs

(Non VERB)

+ Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb + Object
? To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
? Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?

exemplle:

+ I am a teacher.
She is a teacher.
- I am not a teacher.
She is not a teacher.
Are you a teacher?
? Jawaban: Yes I am, atau No, I am not
Is she a teacher?
Jawaban: Yes She is, atau No, She is
not
What are you ?
? Jawaban: I am a teacher
Where is your sister ?
Jawaban: She is here

Simple Present Tense function in nomial sentences

To state a condition that is ongoing now or now or an act that is a habit, for
example:
I am a teacher.
They are here now.

To state general truth, but in this nominal sentence time information is not
used, for example:
Ice is cold.
Fire is hot.

The time description for the Simple Present Tense used is:
Every hour (setiap jam), every minute(setiap menit), every morning
(setiap pagi), everyday (setiap hari), always (selalu), as a rule(pada
lazimnya), at nigh(pada malam hari),sometime (kadang-kadang),usually
(biasanya),often (seringkali),seldom (jarang).

4
2.2 Present Continuous Tense

2Present Continuous Tense also called Present Progressive Tense is a

form of time that is used to express an action, situation or event that is
happening when it is discussed.

NOTE:
In the use of Present Continuous Tense the verb used must end with -
ing / (Verb + ing).
The Present Continuous Tense timeline uses the type "TO BE 1".

Formulas and Examples of Presentations Continuous Tense

Sentences

+ Subject + To be 1 + (Verb + ing) + Object

- Subject + To be 1 + NOT + (Verb + ing) + Object
? To be 1 + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?
? Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?

Contoh :

+ We are studying now.

- We are not (aren't) studying now.
? Are you studying now?
Jawaban: Yes I am, atau I, am not
? What are you doing?
Jawaban: I am studying now
Who is studying English?
Jawaban: She is studying English

The time description for the Present Continuous Tense used is:

Now(sekarang), at present(pada saat ini), right now(saat ini), this

afternoon(siang ini), this morning(pagi ini), today(hari ini) and so on.

2.3 Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense is a form of time used to express an action,

circumstance or event that occurred in the past. And when talking about
these activities / actions have been completed.

Present Perfect Tens using the types "TO BE 3" and "VERB 3"
TO BE 3is: been (for more information, see the following table)

5
 2I

You
They
We
He Been
She
It
I
You
They Have
We
He
She Has
It

NOTE:
TO BE 3 (been) is used when a sentence has no verb element (NON
VERB).
For all types of sentences, both positive, negative, or question sentences
in Present Perfect Tense using VERB 3.

Formulas and Examples of Present Perfect Tense Sentences

Expressing Present Perfect Tense sentences that use verbs (VERB)

+ Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3 + Object

- Subject + Have/Has + NOT + Verb 3 + Object
? Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?
? Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?

Exemple :

+ I have lived here for 2 years.

- I have not (haven't) lived here for 2 years.
? Have you lived here for 2 years?
Jawaban: Yes, I have, atau No, I have not
(haven't)
? Why Have you lived here for 2 years?
Who has killed her father?

2
Azar, B. S. 1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar, 3rd ed.
NewYork:Pearson Education.
3. Bache, C. 2008. English Tense and Aspect in Halliday’s Systemic Functional
Grammar: A Critical Appraisal and An Alternative. London: Equinox.

6
Expressing Present Perfect Tense sentences that do not use verbs
(Non VERB)

+ Subject + Have/Has + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + (Have/Has + NOT) + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object
? Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb + Object?
? Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + To be 3 + Non Verb +
Object?

Contoh :

+ She has been here for 4 hours

- She has not (hasn't) been here for 4
hours
? Has she been here for 4 hours?
? Where have you been for the last 4
hours?

Present Perfect Tense function

State an activity that has just occurred until the outcome or result
of the action can still be seen up to the time of discussion, for example:

1. She has written a letter.

2. Meaning: he has written a letter.

State an activity that was completed at an indefinite time in the

past, but the time the event occurred was not important. The most
important thing is the results of his actions now, for example:

1. She has locked the door, and now we can't open it.
2. Meaning: he has locked the door, and now we cannot open the
door.

State an activity that has occurred but the time the event occurred
has not yet finished, for example:

1. I have written this letter this week.

Meaning: I have written this letter this week (not exactly when the day /
hour of production).

State a repeat activity that is not certain before now. In general

this sentence is often followed by before, ever, already, never, yet, for
example:
1. I have heard this before.
2. Meaning: I have heard this before.

7
 Stating an activity that has happened in the past and is still
happening in the present and future, for example:

1. I have been here since yesterday.

Meaning: I have been here since yesterday (and until now it still stays here
/ in the same location).

Indicates an activity that was completed in a short time. Generally

used words at last, finally, just, for example:

1. I have just met him.

Meaning: I have (just) met him.

The time description for the Present Perfect Tense used is:

Once (once), so far (until now), twice (twice), at last (finally),

several times (several times), this week (this week), never (never), already
(already), this year (this year), as yet (until now), ever (just), just (just
now), since 2004 (since 2004).

2.4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense

4Present Perfect Continuous Tense or Present Perfect Progressive

Tense is a form of time that is used to state an event or action that began
in the past and continues to this day or an event or action that was
initiated in the past and has just finished at the time of speaking.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense use "TO BE 3"(been), look at this

table:

I I
You You
They They Have
We We
He been He
She She Has
It It

NOTE:
For all types of sentences, both positive, negative, or question sentences
in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense using TO BE 3 (been) followed
by VERB + ING.

Formulas and Examples of Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Sentences

8
 + Subject + Have/Has + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
- Subject + Have/Has + NOT + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Have/Has + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?
? Question Word + Have/Has + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) +
Object?3

Exemple:

+ It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now.

- We have not been swimming in pool for this day.
? Has he been returning money that he borrowed this day?
Jawaban: Yes, he has, atau No, he has not.
? How long has she been teaching at the university?

Keterangan waktu untuk Present Perfect Continuous Tense yang

digunakan adalah:
For(selama), since(sejak), all morning(sepanjang pagi), all day(sepanjang
hari), all week(sepanjang minggu), all month(sepanjang bulan), etc.

2.5 Simple Past Tense

5Simple Past Tense is a form of time used to declare an act or activity

that occurred in the past and the time that the event occurred is known.

Simple Past Tense use "TO B 2" and "VERB 2"

TO BE 2 is: was & were look at the table :

I Was I
You You
They Were They
We We Did / Didn't
He He
She Was She
It It

CATATAN:
DID is used in the question sentence.
DID NOT (DIDN'T) is used in negative sentences.
TO BE 2 (Was & Were) is used when a sentence has no verb element
(NON VERB)
VERB 2 is only used in positive sentences.

4
Baker, C. L. 1995. English Syntax, 2nd ed. Cambridge: MIT Press.

5 Barber, N. J. 2008. “Aktionsart Coercion”. Tesis. Australia: University of

Western
Australia.

9
Formula and Exemple Sentence Simple Past Tense

Use Verb

+ Subject + Verb 2 + Object

- Subject + DID NOT (DIDN'T) + Verb 1 + Object
? DID + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
? Question Word + DID + Subject + Verb 1 ?

Exemple :

+ He bought a pair of shoes yesterday.

- He didn't buy a pair of shoes yesterday.
Did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday?
? Jawaban: Yes He did, atau No, He did not
(didn't)
? Why did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday?

Fungsion Simple Past Tense pada kalimat verbal

Usually used to state a situation that was done in the past and finished at
that time or to describe an event that happened at a certain time in the
past, for example:
She finished my homework in the library yesterday.
They worked with me two months ago.

Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Past Tense yang tidak menggunakan

kata kerja (Non VERB)

+ Subject + To be 2 + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + To be 2 + NOT + Non Verb + Object
? To be 2 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
? Question Word + To be 2 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?

Contoh :

+ I was a singer 5 years ago.

We were a singer 5 years ago.
- I was not a singer 5 years ago.
We were not a singer 5 years ago.
? Were you a singer 5 years ago?
Jawaban: Yes I was, atau No, I was not
Where were you last night?
? Jawaban: I was at home.

10
 Why was she absent yesterday?
Jawaban: She was sick yesterday
Fungsi Simple Past Tense pada kalimat nomial

Biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan diwaktu lampau

tetapi tidak berlangsung lagi sekarang, contohnya:
When I was young, I worked hard

Keterangan waktu untuk Simple Past Tense yang digunakan adalah:

Yesterday(kemarin), last night(tadi malam), last week(minggu lalu),
yesterday morning(kemarin pagi), an hour ago(sejam yang lalu), two days
ago(dua hari lalu), and so on.

2.6 Past Continuous Tense

6Past Continuous Tense or Past Progressive Tense is a form of time

that is used to indicate two events that occur at the same time, but one
event occurs earlier and is still ongoing when the second event occurs.

NOTE:

When using Past Continuous Tense the verb used must end with -
ing / (Verb + ing). Past Continuous Tense time forms use types "TO
BE 2" (was/ were).

Was for subject: I, she, he, it.

Were for subject: you, they, we.

Formula and Exemple Sentence Past Continuous Tense

+ Subject + To be 2 + (Verb + ing) + Object

- Subject + To be 2 + NOT + (Verb + ing) + Object
? To be 2 + Subject + (Verb + ing( + Object ?
? Question Word + To be 2 + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?

Exemple :

+ I was walking down the street when it began to rain.

When i was in the park, the sun was shining.
- It was not raining when i went to the market last night.
They were not playing football when you were not at home.
? Was he studying when I arrived at home?
Jawaban: Yes he was, atau he, was not
? Why were you reading that book?
What was she doing with this document when all the staff went
home?

11
Fungsi Past Continuous Tense
Sometimes Past Continuous Tense is used in two parts in one sentence
where when two events occur together, for example:4

While I was studying in one room of our apartment, my roomate was

having a party in the other room.
(Meaning: When I was studying in one of the rooms in our apartment, my
roommate was having a party in another room.)

In some cases, Simple Past Tense and Past Continuous Tense almost
give the same meaning, for example:

It rained this morning. (Artinya: tadi pagi hujan)

It was raining this morning. (tadi pagi sedang hujan)

Keterangan waktu :when(ketika), while(selagi), as(ketika), al day

yesterday(sepanjang hari kemarin), the whole day last Sunday(sepanjang
hari minggu yang lalu).

2.7 Past Perfect Tense

7Past perfect tense is a form of verb used to express that an action has
been completed at a point in the past before another action takes place.
Actions that have been completed in the past can occur repeatedly or only
once. In addition, past perfect tense can also be used to form type 3
conditionals and reported speech.

RUMUS PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past perfect tense is used to express actions (events) that have

been completed in the past. Past perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary
verb "had", and past participle (verb-3). Had used both for singular and
plural subject. Whereas past participle can be either irregular or regular
verb. Thus the past perfect tense formula for positive, negative, and
interrogative sentences is as follows.
Contoh Past Perfect
Kalimat Rumus Past Perfect Tense
Tense
My brother had slept
positif(+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle
They had come

6 Bhatt, R. & Pancheva, R. 2005. “The Perfect”. The Syntax and

SemanticsofAspect.Hal. 1-15.

7 Bybee, J. L. & Dahl, Ӧ. 1989. “The Creation of Tense and Aspect

SystemsintheLanguages of the World”. Studies in Language. Vol. 13. No. 1. Hal. 51-103.

12
 S + had + not + Verb-3/past My brother hadn’t slept
negatif(-)
participle They hadn’t come
Had my brother come
interogatif(?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle
Had they come
CONTOH PAST PERFECT TENSE
Beberapa contoh kalimat past perfect tense dengan fungsi-fungsinya
dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Fungsi Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

When he came last night, the cake had run out.
(Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.)
The student had gotten a verbal warning before his
Past perfect tense parents were called.
untuk (Siswa tersebut telah mendapat peringatan verbal
mengekspresikan sebelum orangtuanya ditelepon.)
aksi di masa lampau I had already had breakfast by the time he picked
yang telah selesai me up.
terjadi sebelum past (Saya telah sarapan ketika dia menjemput.)
event lainnya. Prior to the proclamation, Indonesia had been
colonized by Japan for 3 years.
(Sebelum proklamasi, Indonesia telah dijajah
Jepang selama 3 tahun.)
I had read the book three times.
(Saya membaca buku itu tiga kali.)
Past perfect tense
They had met twice before married.
untuk menunjukkan
(Mereka bertemu dua kali sebelum menikah.)
seberapa sering
sesuatu terjadi di Yulia had gone to the gym every two days until
masa lampau. 2012.
(Yulia telah pergi ke gym setiap dua hari sampai
tahun 2012.)
He said that he had listened carefully the
Past perfect tense instruction.
digunakan pada (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah mendengarkan
reported instruksi dengan penuh perhatian.)
speech setelah verbs:
said, told, asked, I thought he had changed to be better man.
thought, wondered. (Saya pikir dia telah berubah menjadi pria yang
lebih baik.)
If he had taken a bath fast, he would have missed
Past perfect tense the train.
untuk (Jika dia telah mandi cepat, dia tidak akan
mengekspresikan ketinggalan kereta.)
harapan/impian yang
tidak kesampaian Rina would been the same level with me if she had
(conditional tipe 3). studied harder.
(Rina akan berasa pada level yang sama dengan

13
 saya jika dia belajar lebih keras.)

Keterangan waktu :before(sebelum), after(setelah),until(hingga),as soon

as(secepat)

2.8 Past Perfect Continuous Tense

8Past Perfect Continuous Tense or Past Perfect Progressive Tense is

a form of time used to declare an event or action that has been going on
for some time when another event or act occurred in the past. Events that
occur or take place first are stated in the form of Past Perfect Continuous
Tense, while the events that occur next (events) are stated in the form of
Simple Past Tense.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense for "TO BE 3"(been), look at the table:

I
You
They
We been
He
She
It

NOTE
For all types of sentences, both positive, negative, or question sentences
in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense using TO BE 3 (been) followed by
VERB + ING.

Formula and Exemple Sentence Past Perfect Continuous Tense

+ Subject + Had + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
- Subject + Had + NOT + been + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Had + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?
? Question Word + Had + Subject + been + (Verb + ING) + Object?

Exemple:

+ He had been looking for the thief for two years before he caught
him.
- I had not been feeling so good, my body was tired.
? Had you been looking news on television for this evening?
Jawaban: Yes, I had, atau No, I had not.
? How long had he been playing Xbox when his mother went to
market?

14
NOTE:
The use of the word "had" here may be as short in writing as the word
"have", for example:

I’d been = I had been

I’ve been = I have been

Please note that the abbreviations in writing do not all mean the same, we
must adjust to the context of the existing sentence. Try comparing the
examples below:

I’d been here = I had been here (‘d + TO BE 3 / VERB 3 = Past Perfect)
I’d like = I would like (‘d + VERB 1 = would)

2.9 Simple Future Tense

9Simple Future Tense or Present Future Tense is a form of time used to

express an action or activity that will occur in the future.

Formula and Exemple Sentence Simple Future Tense

Use verb

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + Verb 1 + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + Verb 1 + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + Verb 1 ?

Exemple :
+ She will go to Paris tomorrow.
- She will not (won't) go to Paris tomorrow.
? Will she go to Paris tomorrow ?
Jawaban: Yes She will, atau She, will not
(won't)
? When will she go to Paris?
Who will come here?

Don’t use verb

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + be + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + be + Non Verb + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL/SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb +
Object ?

15
Exemple :

+ He will be alone tomorrow.

- He will not (won't) be alone tomorrow.
? Will he be alone tomorrow?
Jawaban: Yes he will, atau No, she will not
(won't)
? When will he be in Las Vegas?
Why will you be here tomorrow night?

Use "To Be Going To"

Simple Future Tense verbal sentence patterns can be replaced with

sentences that use to be + going to to replace shall and will.

Formula and Exemple Sentence menggunakan "To Be Going To"

+ Subject + To be + going to + Verb 1 + Object

- Subject + To be + Not + going to + Verb 1 + Object
? To be + Subject + going to + Verb 1 + Object ?
? Question Word + To be + Subject + going to + verb 1 +?

Exemple :

+ I am going to read a newspaper tomorrow.

- I am not going to read a newspaper
tomorrow.
? Are you going to read a newspaper
tomorrow?
What are you going to read?
? Who is going to come here tomorrow?

Keterangan waktu untuk Simple Future Tense yang digunakan

adalah:

tomorrow morning(besok pagi), tomorrow night(besok malam), next

week(minggu depan), next year(tahun depan) and soon.

2.10 Future Continuous Tense.

16
10Future Continuous Tense or Future Progressive Tense is a form of
time used to declare an event or action that will take place at a certain
time in the future.

Formula and Exemple Sentence Future Continuous Tense

5

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + be + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + be + (Verb + ING) + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) +
Object?

Exemple :

+ He will be talking for the business until ten o’clock.

I will be working at 10 am.
- You will not be leaving at this time. Because the car will be taken
to repair.
? Will she be playing tennis tomorrow?
Jawaban: Yes I will, atau No, I will not (won't)
? What will you be doing at 10 pm tonight?

CATATAN:
"Shall" just use for Subject “I” and “we”.

Sometimes there is little or no difference between the use of Future

Continuous Tense and Simple Future Tense, especially when the
impending event occurs at an uncertain time. Notice the example below:

Don’t get impatient. She will be coming soon.

Don’t get impatient. She will come soon.

Keterangan waktu untuk Future Continuous Tense yang digunakan

adalah:
At this time tomorrow, from seven to nine tonight, soon, etc.

8
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd ed. 2008.
Cambridge:CambridgeUniversity Press.
9Chaer, A. 1994. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

10Cover, R. T. 2010. “Aspect, Modality, and Tense in Badiaranke”.

Disertasi.Berkeley: University of California.

11Davidsen-Nielsen, N. 1990. Tense and Mood in English. Berlin: Mouton deGruy

17
2.11 Future Perfect Tense

11Future Perfect Tense is a form of time used to declare an event or act

that will have occurred or will have been completed at a certain time in the
future.

NOTE:
In Future Perfect Tense all subjects use the word "Have" as an Auxiliary
Verb.
The word "Shall" is only used for Subject "I" and "we" only.

Formula and Exemple Sentence Future Perfect Tense

Expressing Future Perfect Tense sentences that use verbs (VERB)

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + Have + Verb 3 + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + HAVE + Verb 3 + Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + HAVE + Verb 3 + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL / SHALL + Subject + HAVE + Verb 3 +
Object ?

Exemple :

+ You will have finished the work, by the end of this month.
- She will not have gone to home by 10 am.
? Will you have finished your work by tomorrow?
Jawaban: Yes I will, atau No, I will not (won't)
Shall he have prepared my motorcycle if all of my friends will go
by next day?
Jawaban: Yes he shall, atau No, he shall not
? When will they have arrived ?

Expressing Future Perfect Tense sentences that not use verbs (NOT
VERB)

+ Subject + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + Been + Non Verb + Object

- Subject + WILL / SHALL + NOT + HAVE + Been + Non Verb +
Object
? WILL / SHALL + Subject + HAVE + Been + Non Verb + Object ?
? Question Word + WILL/SHALL + Subject + be + Non Verb +
Object ?

Exemple :

+ By next year, I will have been here for work

- He will not (won't) have been by the end of this day.

18
 ? Will you have been there by tomorrow morning?
Jawaban: Yes I will, atau No, I will not (won't)
Shall he have been at home by the dinner time?
Jawaban: Yes he shall, atau No, he shall not
? When will he have been in New York?

The time information for Future Perfect Tense used is:

By next month, by the next year, by the end of this month, by the end of
this day, by the end of this year, etc.

2.12 Future Perfect Continuous Tense

12Future Perfect Continuous Tense or Future Perfect Progressive

Tense is a form of time used to declare an event that will already take
place at a certain time in the future. Future Perfect Continuous Stresses
the duration of an activity that will take place before another time or event
in the future.

Note

Sometimes between Future Perfect Tense and Future Perfect

Continuous Tense give the same meaning. Note that the activities
expressed by one or both of the tenses may start in the past, such as:

When Professor Jones retires next month, he will have taught for 45
years.
When Professor Jones retires next month, he will have been teaching
for 45 years.
“Terkadang kita menggunakan kata Shall hanya untuk Subject “I” dan
“we”.

Formula anda Exemple Sentence Future Perfect Continuous Tense

+ Subject + Will / Shall + Have + been + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Will / Shall + NOT + Have + been +(Verb + ING) +
Object
? Will / Shall + Subject + Have + been +(Verb + ING) + Object ?
? Question Word + Will / Shall + Subject + Have + been +(Verb +
ING) + Object ?

Exemple :

+ We will have been practicing the examination by next month.

We shall have been sleeping before the morning comes.

19
 - She will not have been going for one year.
? Will the students have been working without their teacher at the
time?
Jawaban: Yes, they will / No, they will not (won’t)
? How long will you have been studying when you graduate?

Keterangan waktu :by the end of..(menjelang akhir…)

2.13 Past Future Tense6

Past Future Tense used to declare an action or event that will occur in
the past.

Formula :

S+should, would+VI (be)+ ...

Exemple :
(+) I should be there day before "saya mestinya berada disana kemarin
dulu"
(-) You would not come here with him "kamu semestinya tidak kesini
bersamanya"
(?) Would be day a house last year ? "akankah dia membeli sebuah
rumah tahun lalu ?"

Use:
1. Used to state an action that will be done in the past. For example: I
should go to Malang next day "I will go to Malang the next day"
2. Used to declare an action that will be carried out if the conditions are
met in the past. For example: I would give you something if you came "I'll
give you something if you come"
3. Used to declare an offer of help to others. For example: Would you like
a cup of tea? "Would you like a cup of tea?"
4. Used to express a necessity that is used as a must or should. Example:
I should know that the voice "I must know that voice"

Catatan :

12
Dürich, K. 2005. “The Acquisition of the English Tense and Aspect
SystembyGerman Adult Learners”. Tesis. Jerman: Technische Universität Chemnitz.

20
  Should dan Would kita letakan dimuka subject apabila kita hendak
membentuk kalimat tanya(introgative). Contohnya : Should we be
there last night ? "apakah kita akan berada disini tadi malam?"
 Kita menambahkan not di belakang should dan would jika kita
membentuk suatu kalimat negatif(menyangkal). Contoh : I should
not buy a car the day before "saya tidak akan membeli sebuah
mobil kemarin dulu"
 Tanda waktu yang bisa kita temukan dalam bentuk ini adalah :

The next time - keesokan harinya The day before – kemarin dulu
The week before – minggu The month before – bulan
sebelumnya sebelumnya

2.14 Past Future Continuous Tense

13Past Future Continuous Tense or Past Future Progressive Tense is

a form of time used to declare an event or action that will take place or will
be carried out at a certain time in the future.

Past Future Continuous Tense use the main sentence in the form of
Simple Past Tense to express an action that will take place in a certain
time in the past or to state an assumption or estimate of an event or action
that will take place in a certain time in the past.

Formula and Exemplle Sentence Past Future Continuous Tense

+ Subject + Should / Would + be + (Verb + ING) + Object

- Subject + Should / Would + NOT + be + (Verb + ING) + Object
? Should / Would + Subject + be + (Verb + ING) + Object?
? Question Word + Should / Would + Subject + be + (Verb + ING)
+ Object?

Exemple :

He would be preparing his car from twelve with Jack to three

+ yesterday noon.
They should be studying the lesson in my college for
examination last hours.
My mother would be cooking vegetables at this hour yesterday
morning.
- They told me that they wouldn’t be giving the present yesterday
morning.
They shouldn’t be sleeping here. They should be studying the
lesson now.
Would you be going with Mrs. Anna yesterday evening for

21
 studying?
Jawaban: Yes, I would be going with Mrs. Anna from six to
? seven yesterday for studying.

When your mother cooked. Should you be helping her busy to

nine yesterday morning?
Jawaban: No, I shouldn’t be helping my mother. I should be
studying to nine at this yesterday morning.
? When you should be studying mathematics last night?

The time description for the Past Future Continuous Tense used is:
yesterday, last night, last week, last year, yesterday evening, yesterday
night and so on.7

2.15 Past Future Perfect Tense

14Past Future Perfect Tense is a form of time used to declare an event or

act that will have happened or will have been carried out at a certain time
in the past.

NOTE :
Pada Past Future Perfect Tense semua subject menggunakan kata
“Have” sebagai Auxiliary Verb.

Formula and Exemple Sentence Past Future Perfect Tense

Use Verb

+ Subject + Would / Should + Have + Verb 3 + Object

- Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + Verb 3 + Object
? Would / Should + Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object?
? Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + Verb 3 +
Object?

Exemple :

+ Anna would have finished her college by the time. I finished my

college in the university two years ago.
- I would not have sent her a letter yesterday.
? Should my father have worn jeans to the party yesterday night?

13
Eynde, V. F. tt. The Analysis of Tense and Aspect in Eurotra. Hal. 699-704.

14Foohs, M. 1996. “Present Perfect: a Semantic

Framework”Disertasi.Curitiba:Universidade Federal do Paraná.

22
? How long would you have waited her in in the park? The weather
was very cool last night.

Not use Verb

+ Subject + Would / Should + Have + been + Object

- Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + been + Object
? Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + Object?
? Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + been +
Object?

Contoh :

+ My brother looked for his stuff. He would have been here

yesterday night
- The flowers should not have been wilted last night.
? Would this novel have been here?
? How many hours should Mr. Jim have been at the office by the
end of this week?

Keterangan waktu untuk Past Future Perfect Tense yang digunakan

adalah:
By next month, by the next year, by the end of this month, by the end of
this day, by the end of this year, etc.

2.16 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

15Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense or Past Future Perfect

Progressive Tense is a form of time which is used to state an event or
action that will have already taken place in the future in the future.

NOTE:
In the Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense all subjects use the word
"Have" as an Auxiliary Verb.

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

+ Subject + Would / Should + Have + been + (Verb + ING) +

Object
- Subject + Would / Should + NOT + Have + been + (Verb + ING)
+ Object
? Would / Should + Subject + Have + been + (Verb + ING) +
Object?
? Question Word + Would / Should + Subject + Have + been +
(Verb + ING) + Object?

23
Contoh :

My mother would have been resigning in this institute for two

+ months by the time, I finished the college three months ago.
The road was dark. By the time we should have been arriving to
home last night.
Sarah should have been looking happy for the gift last night.
He would not have been staying for live in here for two years
- ago.
When it rain. I should not have been going to the cinema at time
ago.
You shouldn’t have been sleeping here last night?
? Would they have been surrendering their country for the world
peace in the last year ago?
Jawaban: No, they wouldn’t have been surrendering. They would
have been defending their country for the world peace in the last
year ago.
? When should john have been climbing a big mountain?
Jawaban: John should have been climbing a big mountain with
his friends last year.

Keterangan waktu untuk Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense yang

digunakan adalah:
For, By next month, by the next year, by the end of this month, by the end
of this day, by the end of this year, etc.

15
Glodović, A. 2013. “Aspectual and/or Aktionsart Function of Adverbial Particles
in English Phrasal Verbs”. Linguistic and Literature. Vol. 11. No. 2. Hal.119-131.

24
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

3.1 Conclusion

So many types of tenses are useful for communicating with people

outside Indonesia but can also be used our own country

3.2 Suggestion

If this essay has many shortcomings, consttructive critics and

suggestion we hope.

25
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Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd ed. 2008.

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Chaer, A. 1994. Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Cover, R. T. 2010. “Aspect, Modality, and Tense in Badiaranke”.

Disertasi.Berkeley: University of California.

Davidsen-Nielsen, N. 1990. Tense and Mood in English. Berlin: Mouton

deGruy

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Dürich, K. 2005. “The Acquisition of the English Tense and Aspect

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Eynde, V. F. tt. 2002. The Analysis of Tense and Aspect in Eurotra.

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26
Foohs, M. 1996. “Present Perfect: a Semantic
Framework”Disertasi.Curitiba:Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Glodović, A. 2013. “Aspectual and/or Aktionsart Function of Adverbial

Particles in English Phrasal Verbs”. Linguistic and Literature. Vol.
11. No. 2. Hal.119-131.

27