TUGAS INDIVIDU

STRATIGRAFI CEKUNGAN DAN LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN

“FACIES RELATIONSHIPS”

Disusun Oleh :

Dian Abby Yoga 1606895732

PROGRAM STUDI GEOLOGI

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

2018
Lithology with fault scarps which marks a geological structure might indicate the basin edge.
Basins could be bounded by structures such as half grabens or grabens and etc. This structural
edge could be identified through topography and their lineament in rock outcrops. Or we could
identify the true basin edge by the uplift (tectonic) of the basement rock, some basins were
formed through tectonic process thus basement rocks could have been uplifted and this lithology
marked as the basin’s edge

Based on the rock type itself which is thick conglomerate in the western margin, we can
interpret that the probable topography in those area(s) are mountainous with high relief
topography, this conglomerate beds could be derived from alluvial fan deposits or braided river
deposit which formed by elevation difference (high relief topography), steep slope, gravity, and,
water, while getting further from the western margin to the boundary between the terrestrial and
marine environment (east), the topography is getting more declivous, depicted by sand and shale
with interbedded coal that we can inferred as the transitional zone
Conglomerate line Marl Line

Sandstone Line Shale Line

Yes, the facies belts parallel relatively to the zero line

The most likely direction of transport of the siliciclastic sediments is from westward to eastward
direction with the probable source area for the coarse sediments are from the mountainous high
relief topography in the west margin of the map based on the rock types that it’s deposited which
is conglomerate (could be alluvial fan or braided river deposits which deposit their sediments in
higher elevation or having such elevation difference and gravity influenced transport(?)), which
is most likely from Salt Lake City or The Colorado Rocky Mountains between Salt Lake City
and Denver, Colorado

Possibly yes, Colorado Rocky Mountains possibly acted as the source of the sediment
(provenance) with the rocky mountain or mountains in general are exposed to weathering and
erosion which transports detritus from higher elevation to lower elevation, enabling
sedimentation. Colorado Rocky Mountains was formed by Laramide Orogeny in Late Cretaceous
based on English and Johnston (2004)
In the west side of the western America considering the low relief topography shown in figure 3.
Detritus or rock transported downstream from higher elevation to lower elevation, thus
sedimentation occurs in lower topographic area such as sedimentary basin edge, this is depicted
in the conglomerate deposits in the western edge which thickness is over 3000 meters
The most likely source area is from the southeast of the map, which the facies shows
conglomerate beds with the probable source area for the coarse sediments and sands are from the
mountainous high relief topography in the southeast of the map based on the rock types that it’s
deposited and it’s “tight” isopach indication, which is most likely the Appalachian Mountains
which early formed in Devonian by Taconic Orogeny and began eroded in Silurian (DiPietro,
2018) or from Southwest of New York
1st explanation: it was is most likely the Appalachian Mountains which early formed in Devonian
by Taconic Orogeny , so it would not show up in a map as lower Silurian Rocks (uplifting)

2nd Explanation: Eroded lower Silurian deposits

Both are possible, but the more likely possible answer is the 2st explanation, eroded lower
Silurian rocks could minimize the extent of the deposits, either it’s being eroded by wind
(Attrition), waves (Abrasion), and etc. This is also supported by the isopach map which shows 0,
this indicates no thickness in the area thus implying to eroded Silurian rocks
Transgression, this is explained by the stacking pattern that figure 5 showed, which shows
deepening up sequence. Sea level at various time also indicates transgression which sea level
moving land ward and thus depositing more fine grained sediments such as shales

Regression, this is explained by the stacking pattern that figure 5 showed, which shows
shallowing up sequence. Sea level also indicates regression which sea level moving seaward and
thus depositing more relatively coarser grained sediments such as sandstone through sea level
change
Siliciclastic sediments which is quartz sandstone

Carbonate in probably shallow marine zone and Gray shales in offshore zones
 Transgression, this is explained by the stacking pattern that figure 7 showed, which
shows deepening up sequence. Sea level at various time also indicates transgression
which sea level moving land ward and thus depositing more fine grained sediments
such as carbonate and shales

Late cambrian

There are patch of land that is surrounded by shallow marine deposits such as shales
and carbonates, and shore deposits that indicates sea. This suggest that there is a
presence of island in the late Cambrian sea
Conglomerate Carbonate

Shale Sandstone
 No

Yes, because the conglomerate beds have a different time of deposition which caused by
different erosion rate, this could eventually affects the time of deposition causing
conglomerate in the east is older than the west

East to West (EW)

It might be indicating that the west side is apparently underwater (shale deposited
in calm water), while the east is in terrestrial environment (sand is common)

From the east, since we could see the gradation of sediments that is being
deposited start from conglomerates to sands, while some deposition starts from the
west side such as shales that indicates marine environment source. The possible
direction of transport is East to West for sandstone and conglomerate (terrestrial
deposits) and West to East for Shale (marine deposits)
 REFERENCE

DiPietro, Joseph, (2018), Geology and Landscape Evolution 2nd Edition General Principles
Applied to the United States, Elsevier

English, Joseph M. and Johnston, Stephen T, (2004), The Laramide Orogeny: What Were the
Driving Forces? ,International Geology Review