PROJECT:

A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION ON LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES

BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN FAMILY

SUBMITTED TO:

DR. SHAFIA AZAM

SUBMITTED BY:

AIMAN ARIF

HIRA AZAD

RAMLA ZAFAR

SUBMITTED ON:

May 14th, 2019

FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN UNIVERSITY

(2019)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
ABSTRACT 4
CHAPTER 1 4
INTRODUCTION: 5
OBJECTIVES: 9
RESEARCH QUESTIONS: 9
CHAPTER 2 9
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: 9
Research Instrument: 9
Demographic Variables: 10
Locale and sample size: 10
Research design: 10
Sampling Technique & Sample size: 10
Questionnaires: 10
ANALYSIS: 11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 15
CONCLUSION: 19
REFERENCES 20
RECOMMENDATIONS: 21
APPENDIX 22

ABSTRACT
We examined comparison between urban and rural families in their leisure time. Considering
these aspects, we tried to undertake a comparative study on leisure-time activities between rural
and urban childrens, adults and old age people. The activities which done in leisure-time that is
called leisure-time activities. In present study leisure-time activities are leisure-time physical
activities, social recreational activities, creative recreational activities, family recreational
activities, and leisure-time handicrafts activities. The variety of activities that older and younger
people do also differs. Although the importance and scope of family leisure within an urban context
has been a topic of research, little attention has been paid to families who reside in rural areas.
Older adults have much more leisure time today than they have had in the past. It appears from
the leisure-time activities that the urban families had more leisure-time. On the other hand, rural
families used to participate mainly in physical activities during leisure-time. It was observed that,
urban families lead a comfortable life style than rural families. On the other hand, rural families
had less leisure-time due to their household works.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION:

When one speaks about leisure time, it simply means a period which you spend doing things other
than your work. Leisure activities are meant to de-stress a person and divert his/her attention away
from work. This could mean any type of recreational activity. The primary aim is to give you sense
of self.

In the old days, people worked very hard and did not have time for leisure activities. The men
would work long days out of the house and the women would spend all their time looking after
their Leisure activities are important to bring about a positive flow of energy in a person. These
activities help to refresh the mind. There are various recreational activities one can choose from to
suit individual tastes. At the end of the day, the increased positivity that you experience only
reflects the importance of recreation in your life. The following points will help you understand
the importance of leisure time. Doing some activities that you love also boosts your self-esteem to
some extent. This helps you feel more satisfied with the kind of life that you may be living. It also
ensures better functioning of the body as well as mind. Moreover, getting yourself involved in
some group activities also connects you with people and brings you closer to them. Spending some
time with friends can be a great stress buster.

Most people didn’t even think about leisure activities. These days, most people participate in at
least one leisure activity. Some people prefer to do leisure activities by themselves. For example,
they may listen to music on their own or simply read books. Some people like to spend their leisure
time with their families and go on hikes or go to art galleries and museums. Other people like to
spend their free time with friends and go dancing, go to parties or play outdoor games such as
soccer or baseball. All of these activities are fun and good for people’s mental and or physical
health.

"Those who decide to use leisure as a means of mental development, who love good music, good
books, good pictures, good plays, good company, good conversation ― what are they? They are
the happiest people in the world." ― William Lyon Phelps.
There are two types of leisure activities you can choose from. Active leisure activities include
energetic activities that even require one to use mental strength. You can learn to dance, listen to
music, go hiking, camping, fishing, swimming, or even try adventure sports. Rock climbing, skiing
and surfing are equally popular as leisure activities for those who crave for adventure. Passive
leisure activities are all about relaxation and can even mean watching a movie with friends,
reading, taking a stroll in a park or on the beach, or even visiting a spa. Even if you want to sit at
home and do nothing, it's completely okay! That's just another way to spend some quality time
with yourself or your family. It will help strengthen the bond with your family members.

Leisure has been defined using multiple definitions as can be seen in the literature. Most inquiries
into the history of thinking about leisure begin with classical Greek philosophy, specifically
Aristotle (Driver, Brown, & Peterson, 1991). To sum up, leisure has been viewed historically in
three ways: as experience, activity or time. Whereas, recreation is defined as voluntary, non-work
activity that is organized for the attainment of personal and social benefits including restoration
and social cohesion (Kelly &Godbey, 1992).

Kelly argues that leisure activities are a more important factor than other experiences or activities,
with regard to QoL [8]. Adams et al. asserted that a higher frequency of participation in leisure
activities brings a higher QoL for older adults and allows them to live more happily [9]. That is,
in order to maintain or improve older adults’ QoL, it is most important to increase their
opportunities to participate in leisure activities that can bring improvements in their physical,
psychological, and social health. Leisure has recently been linked to how a family functions.
Leisure as defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2010), is the “freedom provided by the
cessation of activities; especially: time free from work or duties” (Definition of Leisure section).
Parents often plan family leisure activities in an effort to improve relationships amongst family
members (Taylor, Felt-Covey, & Davis-Covey, 2006).

Human settlements are classified as rural or urban depending on the density of human-created
structures and resident people in a particular area. Urban areas can include town and cities while
rural areas include villages and hamlets. While rural areas may develop randomly on the basis of
natural vegetation and fauna available in a region, urban settlements are proper, planned
settlements built up according to a process called urbanization. Many times, rural areas are focused
upon by governments and development agencies and turned into urban areas.
First, the appropriate utilization of the leisure time creates efficiency very favorable for human
beings, and for this reason, big commercial and industrial firms are paying special attention to
leisure time and recreation to the staff. Second, it is a cost, of which the people expend for the
optimum use of leisure time In primitive societies, the physical activity was an integral routine
part of human life and healthy, strong and nurtured body were of their apparent characteristics;
their physical activity has been limited to hunting, effort to provide food, shelter establishment and
protection of themselves and their family within a risky environment.

Similar to urban and suburban research on family leisure, many of the women described the
purposive nature (Shaw & Dawson, 2001Shaw, S. M. 2001. The family leisure dilemma: Insights
from research with families. World Leisure, 4: 53–62.[Taylor & Francis Online] of their family
leisure activities to build and strengthen family relationships and encourage the development of
their children's socialization.

Nowadays, the sociologists are paying the most attention of how to spend the leisure time in
addition to its cultural aspects related to increasing the efficiency of the labor, which there is a
close link between work and leisure; thus it is not a mere social problem and exceeds economic
issues, while that developed world with prudence and policy making takes great strides in the field
of leisure time and projects the slogan "leisure civilization" to making the longer leisure time via
reduce working hours.

Leisure can be defined, negatively, as the spare time remaining after the time taken up by primary
activities (e.g. sleep, food, bathing) and secondary activities (e.g. preparation to go out),
transportation and employment (Deffner, 2002: 5).

Life for most people in the middle Ages was dark and difficult. More emphasis was put on work,
and there was little time for leisure. However, jousting tournaments, hunting tournaments, and the
earliest forms of chess, checkers, and other games developed during this time. The people worked
hard, the Church forbade many forms of entertainment, but there were still leisure pastimes to help
develop the growing history of leisure and recreation. This history of leisure and recreation goes
far back in time, but leisure and recreation really took off when the Industrial Revolution hit Great
Britain in the 1700s. The Industrial Revolution revolutionized work in the modern world, and
helped create the modern factory environment. Machines mechanized the manufacture of fabric
and fibers, and this ultimately led to more leisure time for the workers. They worked long hours in
the factories, but they also had time off, and most employers gave at least some holidays off.

Thus, people who had labored from dawn to dusk on farms in rural England, moved to the big city,
got jobs in factories, and had leisure time away from their jobs. The Industrial Revolution helped
create the notion of leisure time, and it helped create a different view of work and leisure. If the
Industrial Revolution helped create the history of leisure and recreation, the 20th century helped
cement it. Workers demanded shorter working hours, paid vacations and holidays, and weekends
off, leading to even more leisure time for the world's workforce. Today, work and leisure are still
strictly separated, but leisure time and recreation are some of the most important aspect of modern
life, showing how the history of leisure and recreation has altered throughout time, and become
increasingly popular as people gain more freedom from work and toil. It's interesting to note that
the wide separation between work and leisure in our modern society is something that wasn't
necessary in early, tribal cultures. Early man and woman, worked when it was necessary to find
food or to create items they needed to live, but they did not work continually, they interspersed
work with pleasure or leisure, something our society not longer enjoys. For example, in Native
American societies, boys "played" at war and warfare, but this play taught them how to use a bow
and arrow, useful for hunting as well as defending the tribe. Work became play, while today, the
two terms are decide.

When comparing men‟s and women‟s perceptions of leisure time Shaw (1992) challenges the
popular sentiment “the family that plays together stays together” as projecting an all too happy
version of family life and leisure enjoyed equally by all (p. 271). Shaw‟s results indicated that men
25 and women do perceive and experience family leisure differently. Larson, Gillman, and
Richards (1997) also examine gender differences in family leisure.

Leisure has historically been the privilege of the upper-class. Opportunities for leisure came with
more money, or organization, and less working time, rising dramatically in the mid to late 19th
century, starting in Great Britain and spreading to other rich nations in Europe. It spread as well to
the United States, although that country had a reputation in Europe for providing much less leisure
despite its wealth. Immigrants to the United States discovered they had to work harder than they
did in Europe. Economists continue to investigate why Americans work longer hours. In a recent
book, Laurent Turcot argues that leisure was not created in the 19th century but is imbricated in
the occidental world since the beginning of history.

Changes in leisure behavior are most likely to occur during periods of life transition, when
individuals‟ roles, relationships and ecological contexts are altered (Raymore, Barber, & Eccles,
2001). Involvement in physical activity as one dimension of leisure has become an area of growing
interest in recent years. Researchers have begun to recognize the importance of participation in
sports and physical activity and, consequently, there has been an increase in the number of studies
related to this area (Trail et al., 2002)

Ellis et al. (2002) reported findings on the frequency of participation in campus recreation services
in relation to health and quality of life variables. They found significantly positive effects of
frequency of participation on four variables; satisfaction with life as a whole, satisfaction with
experience at the university at which they were studying, extent to which emotional health
interfered with social functioning and how often the individuals felt like they had “a lot of energy”
(Tyson, & Bohlig, 2002).

Leisure can be defined, negatively, as the spare time remaining after the time taken up by primary
activities (e.g. sleep, food, bathing) and secondary activities (e.g. preparation to go out),
transportation and employment (Deffner, 2002: 5).
The limited body of research on leisure and family life in rural settings indicates that rural people
place value and importance on family time spent together in leisure activities (Hunter & Whitson,
1991 (Hunter, P. and Whitson, D. 1991).
OBJECTIVES:

⮚ To identify the determinants of leisure time activities in rural and urban families.
⮚ To explore the urban and rural difference in leisure time activities by socially,
demographically, geographically and economically.
⮚ To identify the correlation between leisure time activities and life satisfaction of rural and
urban Families.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

1. What are the determinants of leisure time activities in rural and urban families?
2. What is the difference of urban and rural in leisure time activities by socially,
demographically, geographically and economically?
3. What is the correlation between leisure time activities and life satisfaction of rural and
urban Families?
4. Is there a difference between urban families and rural families in how they function and
experience leisure?

CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

This chapter based on research methodology that covers research instrument and research design.
This study was purposive in nature.

Research Instrument:
In this study qualitative research methodology is used. In this study Interview questionnaire is used
to collect data. Adaptive Interview questionnaire was used to collect data.

Demographic Variables:
Self-reported demographic variables included gender, age, education, living situation and area.

Locale and sample size:

Data were collected from 15 respondents from one rural area Chakwal (Raika Maira) and 15 urban
area respondents from different areas of Rawalpindi (DHA, Bahria, and scheme III) using a two
days participant’s observation to conduct interviews.

Research design:
This study was conducted for rural and urban families. There was an equal participation of both
genders from rural and urban families. A descriptive design was used (n =5). The interview form
was composed of 5 open-ended questions. The data was collected through face-to-face interview
questions. The participants from rural families give interview in Punjabi language because they
feel comfortable and participants from urban families give interview in both languages Urdu and
English. With the permission of participants we recorded the interviews.

Sampling Technique & Sample size:

Purposive sampling technique was used in this study so that we could make use of all the data
efficiently. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparison between leisure time
activities of urban rural and families. Sample size for this research is 30.

Questionnaires:
There were 5 questions in total. All are open-ended. Open-ended are about the comparison between
leisure time activities of urban and rural families. Open-ended questions will be use to give the
respondents the opportunity to give their responses. Data relating to leisure-time activities were
collected through a questionnaire specifically prepared for understanding of various aspects of
activities of the subjects.

ANALYSIS:

The main purpose of this analysis was to evaluate possible differences between urban and rural
families leisure time. In this analysis we will see the leisure activities of children’s, adults and old
age people. Data analysis consisted of three stages. Firstly, we determined the amount of leisure
time in children’s and than in adults and old age people.

Representations of rurality could be

characterized through several myths. Rurality has been shaped from the perspec-
tive of urban residents who portray it as a simpler lifestyle, traditional values,
strong family ties, and connections with natural resources. Simultaneously, rural
inhabitants have been perceived as objects of pity, looked down upon for their
perceived ignorance, narrow worldviews, and backward way of life (Howarth,
1996).
Representations of rurality could be
characterized through several myths. Rurality has been shaped from the perspec-
tive of urban residents who portray it as a simpler lifestyle, traditional values,
strong family ties, and connections with natural resources. Simultaneously, rural
inhabitants have been perceived as objects of pity, looked down upon for their
perceived ignorance, narrow worldviews, and backward way of life (Howarth,
1996).
Representations of rurality could be
characterized through several myths. Rurality has been shaped from the perspec-
tive of urban residents who portray it as a simpler lifestyle, traditional values,
strong family ties, and connections with natural resources. Simultaneously, rural
inhabitants have been perceived as objects of pity, looked down upon for their
perceived ignorance, narrow worldviews, and backward way of life (Howarth,
1996).
Representations of rurality could be
characterized through several myths. Rurality has been shaped from the perspec-
tive of urban residents who portray it as a simpler lifestyle, traditional values,
strong family ties, and connections with natural resources. Simultaneously, rural
inhabitants have been perceived as objects of pity, looked down upon for their
perceived ignorance, narrow worldviews, and backward way of life (Howarth,
1996).
Representations of rurality could be
characterized through several myths. Rurality has been shaped from the perspec-
tive of urban residents who portray it as a simpler lifestyle, traditional values,
strong family ties, and connections with natural resources. Simultaneously, rural
inhabitants have been perceived as objects of pity, looked down upon for their
perceived ignorance, narrow worldviews, and backward way of life (Howarth,
1996).
Leisure activities of a given society are shaped by the socio-economic situation of the respective
society as said by Kelly, & Godbey (1992). They defined leisure as an activity chosen in relative
freedom for its qualities of satisfaction.

Rurality life has been shaped from the perspective of urban residents who portray it as a simpler
lifestyle, traditional values, strong family ties, and connections with natural resources.
Simultaneously, rural inhabitants have been perceived as objects of pity, looked down upon for
their perceived ignorance, narrow worldviews, and backward way of life (Howarth, 1996).

One of our adult respondents Ayesha from rural family responds to our question she replied:

“Mein apnay farigh waqt mein apnay bhen bhaiyon kay sath luddo khelti hun. Shaam mein
apni cousin’s kay ghar chalay jatay hein yah phir wo hamary ghar a jatay hein.farigh waqat
mein hum kheton mein jati hun aur wapis a kar Ammi ka hath batati hun. Raat ko sab kay sath
mil kar drama dekhti hun.”

One of our adult respondents Aliza from urban family responds to our question she replied:

“In my leisure time I use social media, talking with my friends, listen to music, Watch TV and
take rest in my leisure time. I also go to concerts on weekends and sometime I also go to cinema
in my leisure time.”

The analysis of the research data presents the patterns of the participation of adults in leisure time
activities. It concludes that the majority of the adults spend more in socializing with friends, spent
more time outdoor activities as compared to rural families they spent most of the time with their
relatives, playing indoor activities.

It is generally acknowledged that socio-ecological and cultural contexts play a critical role in
determining the choices of leisure activities of urban and rural families (Feinstein, Bynner, &
Duckworth, 2005 Feinstein, L, Bynner, J, & Duckworth, K. (2005).

The forms of everyday leisure activity are varied in urban and rural families. Most willingly,
however, one of our old age respondents Azhar Ali from urban family responded to our question
that:
“I spend my free time at home or in the immediate surrounding area of my homes, engaging
in such activities as watching TV, reading newspapers and books, or working and taking a rest
in a garden portion and I have joined Gym khana where I enjoy with my friends and I also go
for walk in my leisure time”

In my analysis it is depend on socio economic structure that how people spend their leisure time.
Elite class old age people have joined gym khana and other outdoor activities in their leisure time
while middle and lower class people spend their time mostly indoor or go to nearby neighborhood
shop sit there and spent their leisure time.

Another old age respondents Zainab Bibi from chakwal respond that:

“Is umer main mera har waqat he farigh waqat hota hai. Main zayda tar ghar k kaam krti hun
. apny pootey pootein k liye sweater hath sy bnuti hun.”

(In this age my all time is leisure time. I prefer to live indoor all the time. I stitch sweaters for my
grandchildren’s with my hand.)

Currently, global families, including rural families, have been undergoing alterations and new
configurations because of industrialization and urbanization (Bigombe and Khadiagala 1990:10–
15) .As leisure activities change in urban as rural families. One of our respondant Azmat Ali from
rural family said about the change that:

“Hamry farigh waqat mai ek tabdeeli ayi hai phele mai apny faigh waqat main mawashun ko
ly kr khait main chala jata hai lekin ab bachy nhi janey dety. Ab is kaam k liye hm ny nukar
rkh liye han.”

(There comes a change in our leisure activity that in earlier time I along with my cattle’s go to our
farms to spend my leisure but now children do not allow us because now we have servants for this
work.)

This also tells that in rural families it also depend on socio economic structure to spend their leisure
time. We have observed that in rural areas mostly old people spend their time doing household
chores, spend time with grandchildren’s.
Numerous studies regarding leisure for older adults have reported that participation in leisure
activities contributes to maintaining and improving their physical health as well as their
psychological and mental health and helps to maintain and increase their leisure by providing them
with good opportunities for positive interaction with their families and others in society.

Our respondent’s uzma and yasir from rural families responded to our question that: She said yes
men and women spend their leisure time differently.

“Mein apnay farigh waqt mein kapray seeti hun ya phir apny chotey bhai k sath waqat guzrti
hun or tv dkh leti hun.”

(In my leisure time I stitch dresses, spend time with my little brother or I watch TV)

Yasir said that:

“Mein apnay farigh waqat mein doston kay sath match khelton hun.kehton mein chala jata
hon.”

The definition leads to a “vast panorama of human activity” (1992, 03). One is not bound to choose
leisure under some restrictions. You are free to choose leisure because in the activity so chosen
and the companions choosing such activity, or some combination of the two, gives you personal
satisfaction in pursuing so. It is the personal and social orientation of the participant that makes
any activity leisure or something else. It was social class, rather, that was a key influence in
determining the lifestyle options and leisure available to social actors, rather than any
characteristics inherent within a area. However, men spend more time than women in leisure
activities, which includes TV time, playing games, sports and a series of other activities.

Our respondents from urban families sara and bilal responded to our question

“Sara said Women and men spend their leisure time are differently. A lot of women like
shopping or chatting with friends during their spare time and a lot of them consider that kind
of activity entertaining.”
“Bilal said men like different things, such as games or sports. It’s very often to see the men
around us hanging out playing sports or games. They can communicate with friends and feel
refreshed through these kinds of activities.”

From these responses we have analyzed that men and women from urban and rural families have
different activities to spend their leisure time depend upon their preferences.

Child of a rural family Ahmed said that:

“Main apny dosto k sath sham ko cricket khelta hun, Quran Pak parhny masjid mai jata hun,
sham ko khatun main ghoomny jata hun.”

Child from urban family Rayan responds that:

“I enjoy playing play station game with my friends. I go to attend my karate and swimming class.
Sometime I go to attend birthday parties of my friends. On weekends I go to parks or fun land
to enjoy my leisure time.”

The analyses show that vast majority of children spend their leisure time resting in a passive way,
i.e. watching TV or playing computer games irrespectively of the season. As a result of this, the
numbers of kids with posture defects increase. On weekdays the urban children’s spend much more
time doing sports and games than rural children. They also more often help their parents and less
frequently travel away from their homes than children living in rural families.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

TABLE #1:

Leisure Activities’ Rural Adult Urban Adult

Watching TV 12% 18%
Resting to relax 10% 20%
Visiting friends 5% 25%

Household chores 20% 10%

Stitching 30% 0%

Reading 10% 20%

Outdoor activities 5% 25%

Social media use 5% 25%

Total 30% 30%

The results of Table 1 shows that the there is more prevalence of leisure time activities among
adults of urban families than rural adults. Rural adults spend more time with their families while
urban adult are busier in socializing with their friend and in their outdoor activities.

TABLE # 2
 Leisure Activities’ Rural old age Urban Old age
Watching TV 12% 18%
Resting to relax 10% 20%
Visiting friends 10% 20%

Household chores 25% 5%

Stitching 25% 5%

Reading 10% 20%

Outdoor activities 10% 20%

Spend time with family 25% 5%

Total 30% 30%

The result of table 2 shows that the older persons have more time to dedicate to their leisure
activities. Rural old age people more time to house hold chores while urban old age people spend
more time in activities of their own interest

TABLE # 3:
 Leisure Activities’ Rural children Urban children
Watching TV 12% 18%
Resting to relax 10% 20%
Visiting friends 5% 25%

Playing games 10% 20%

Physical activities 20% 10%

Outdoor activities 25% 5%

Total 30% 30%

The result of Table 3 shows that the rural children’s are engaged in high physical activities while
urban children’s are more towards indoor activities and less towards physical activities. Nowadays,
a lot of young kids in urban families are addicted to computer games and they could sit in front of
a computer for hours playing their favorite games, which is not very healthy for young children
because they’re at a growing stage.

CONCLUSION:
Leisure time is much important for all humans, because everyone need to release their stress of
work and everyday life. Leisure time has various meanings for different persons and it is according
to the socio economic status of family that determines its leisure activities. Urban families have
more leisure-time than rural families. Rural families participate mainly in physical activities during
their leisure-time. Rural families loves togetherness at home and the enjoy their leisure time with
their families. This study also served to emphasize the importance of context for understanding
the meanings of family leisure, and the need to explore family leisure in a range of socio economic
structure. The different characteristics of urban and rural environments were related to respective
residents’ lifestyles. Adolescents living in rural areas were less exposed to leisure behaviors,
choose more active types of leisure and had higher levels of physical activity.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

● Physical activity requires space. In think on average rural children have more of that. On
the other hand, a common trend nowadays is virtual play, where kids play online with
their friends through videogames. So, I think a better predictor of physical activity is
whether or not the child has access to broadband internet.
● Measurement of activities in urban is more or less limited to school or weekend games.
Encourage children to participate more in outdoor activities so that urban children have
more interaction with others.
● More recreational activities for urban and rural adults support them in their identity and
social development
● Old people want to spend their time with families to increase life satisfaction of older
adults, family and friends’ support should be maintained and promoted.

REFERENCES

● Vacha, J. E. (n.d.). Encyclclopdia of Clevend History. Retrieved may 11, 2019, from
Case Westren Reserve University: https://case.edu/ech/articles/r/recreation-and-
leisure

● Haggard, L. M., & Williams, D. R. (1992). Identity affirmation through leisure

activities: Leisure symbols of the self. Journal of leisure research, 24(1), 1-18.
 ● Leon, A. S., Connett, J., Jacobs, D. R., &Rauramaa, R. (1987). Leisure-time physical
activity levelsandrisk of coronary heart disease and death: the Multiple Risk Factor
Intervention Trial. Jama, 258(17), 2388-2395.
● Anderssen, N., & Wold, B. (1992). Parental and peer influences on leisure-time physical
activity in youngadolescents. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 63(4), 341-348.
● Siddiqui, S., Aslam, S. K., & Khan, M. R. (2017). Cultural Scenario of Pakistan in
Democratic and Military Eras (1947-2013). South Asian Studies (1026-678X), 32(1).
● Marshall, S. J., Biddle, S. J., Gorely, T., Cameron, N., & Murdey, I. (2004).
Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and
youth: a meta-analysis. International journal of obesity, 28(10), 1238.

APPENDIX

1. Fill in the asked detail about you correctly.

2. Please read the questions carefully and answer them sincerely.

NAME: ______________________________________AGE:_______________________

GENDER: ___________________ AREA: ___________________

1. What do you do in your leisure time?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Are there any activities that you used to do in your leisure time but don't do anymore?

___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. Do men and women spend their leisure time differently in urban and rural families? How?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Do people's leisure time activities change as they get older? How?

___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

5. What new activity would you like to try doing in your free time?

_________________________________________________________________
 PICTURES

Picture of village Raika Maira

Picture of Bahria phase 1