NIGHTINGALE INSTITUTE OF NURSING

NOIDA

ASSIGNMENT ON- PANCHAYATI RAJ

SUBJECT- COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

SUBMITTED TO- Ms. ANN GLADIS SUBMITTED BY- Ms. KANIKA

(ASSISSTANT PROFESSOR) (MSC NURSING 1ST YEAR)

INTRODUCTION

Panchayati Raj System in India. The passage of the Constitution (73rd

Amendment) Act, 1992 (or simply the Panchayati Raj Act) marks a new era in the
federal democratic set up of the country. It was based on the recommendation of
Balwant Rai Mehta committee. It came into force with effect from April 24, 1993.

HISTORY OF PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM-

 The Panchayati raj is a South Asian political system found mainly in the
nations of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. It is the oldest system
of local government in the Indian subcontinent. The word raj means "rule"
and panchayat means "assembly" (ayat) of five (panch).

 Traditionally panchayats consisted of wise and respected elders chosen and

accepted by the local community. However, there were varying forms of
such assemblies. Traditionally, these assemblies settled disputes between
individuals and between villages.

 The leader of the panchayat was often called the mukhiya or sarpanch, an
elected or generally acknowledged position. The modern panchayati raj of
India and its gram panchayats are not to be confused with either the
traditional system nor with the extra-constitutional khap panchayats (or
caste panchayats) found in northern India.

Father of Panchayati Raj-

 Balwant Rai Mehta was a parliamentarian when the committee was

established. He is credited for pioneering the concept the Panchayati Raj in
India and also known as Father of Panchayati Raj in India.

 Mahatma Gandhi advocated Panchayati Raj as the foundation of India's

political system, as a decentralized form of government in which each
village would be responsible for its own affairs. Instead, India developed a
highly centralized form of government.
3- Tier system of panchayati raj-

 At village level-
The panchayati raj at the village level consists of-
 Gram sabha
 Gram panchayat
 Nyaya panchayat

 Gram sabha- it is an assembly of all the adults of the village, which meets at
least twice a year. The gram sabha considers the proposal of taxation,
discusses the annual programme and elects members of the gram
panchayat.

 Gram panchayat- it is the executive organ of the gram sabha and the
agency for planning and development at the village level.

 It strengths varies from 15 to 30 and the population covered also varies

widely from 5k to 15k or more.

 Every panchayat has an elected president, vice- president and a panchayat

secretary.

 The powers and functions of panchayat secretary are very wide – they
cover the entire field of civic administration, including sanitation and public
health; and of social and economical development of village.

 Nyaya Panchayat is a part of the Panchayat system which is formed to

settle disputes among the villagers. Its various functions are: It strives to
 solve petty criminal and civil cases, wherein the parties in dispute explain
their sides to the members of the Panchayat.

At block level-

 The block level consists of about 100 villages and a population of about 80k
to 1lakh 20k. The Panchayati raj at the block level is Panchayat Samiti.
Which consist of all sarpanchas of the village panchayats in the block;
MLAs, MPs, residing in the block area, women representatives, scheduled
castes, scheduled tribes and cooperative societies.

 The block developmental officer and his staff give technical assistance and
guidance to the village panchayats engaged in development work.

At district level-

 The ZILA PARISHAD is the agency of rural local self government at the
district level. The members of the Zila Parishad include all heads of the
Panchayat Samiti of the district; MPs, MLAs, of the district; representatives
of women, SC and ST, two persons of experience in administration, public
life or rural development.

Functions of Zila Parishad-

 Provide essential services and facilities to the rural population and the
planning and execution of the development programmes for the district.

 Supply improved seeds to farmers. Inform them of new techniques of

training.

 Undertake construction of small-scale irrigation projects.

 Maintain pastures and grazing lands.

 Set up and run schools in villages. Execute programmes for adult literacy.

 Start Primary Health Centres and hospitals in villages.

ADVANTAGES OF PANCHAYATI RAJ-

 The local self government solves the problems of rural people at the grass-
root level. This strengthens democracy.

 Encourages local leadership: The problems of particular rural area can be

best attended by the members of the Panchayat.

 The local people are motivated to confront and solve their problems of
their own. They become less dependent upon other external agencies.

DISADVANTAGES-

 Regionalism: Sometimes it is criticized on the ground that it incites

regionalism.

 Fail to address National problems: the leaders at the local level fail to
appreciate the state or national problems in their real perspective because
of the very difference in the nature and scope.

URBANIZATION-

 Urbanization means the increase in the proportion population of a country

who live in the urban areas.

URBAN ADMINISTRATION-

 Urban government bodies consist of Municipal Corporation and

Municipalities. Municipal Corporations are found in the larger cities like
Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai and other places. Municipalities exist in
smaller towns and cities.

URBAN LOCAL BODIES-

MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, MUNICIPALITIES & TOWNSHIPS

MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (MAHA-NAGARNIGAM)

 A Municipal Corporation is established in big cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and

Chennai etc., to solve the local problems of the people staying in these
cities.

 FUNCTIONS-

 Its main functions are sanitation, records of birth and death, establishment
of school and libraries, establishment and maintenance of hospital, water
and electricity supply etc.

MUNICIPALITIES (NAGARPALIKA)-

 In India, a Nagar Palika or Municipality is an urban local body that

administers a city of minimum population of 100,000 but less than
1,000,000.

 A municipality, also called a municipal committee or a municipal council, is

a local self-government body in smaller towns and cities.

 It is elected for a term of five years and can also dissolve earlier if it fails to
function according to the rules laid down by the state government.

FUCTIONS OF MUNICIPALITIES-

 Supply of adequate drinking water.

 Providing and maintaining drainage and sewage systems.

 Maintenance of public street lighting.

 Construction and maintenance of bus terminals, roads and bridges.

 Maintenance of birth and death records.

ADVANTAGES OF URBAN ADMINISTRATION-

 Urban administration is necessary to provide the basic amenities like street

lights, garbage collection, water supply, keeping the streets and the
markets clean, collecting of house tax and water taxes, etc.

 They are responsible for cleaning of city drainage system, maintenance of

parks, and market.

 It had made possible for regulating the urban development and local
management of civic facilities.

DISADVANTAGES-

 One of the main problems of local self government is the scarcity of funds.

 Critics comment that the local leaders neglect to value the state or national
issues.

 The Panchayat or the Municipality is not always able to cope up with the
people's demand.

TOWNSHIP HEALTH CARE PROVIDING SYSTEM-

Functions of MoHFW –

 International health relations and administration of port

quarantine

 Administration of Central Institutes

 Promotion of research
  Regulation and development of medical, pharmaceutical, dental
and nursing professions

 Establishment and maintenance of drug standards

 Census and collection and publication of other statistical data.

 Coordination with states.

 Prevention of Communicable disease

 Prevention of food adulteration

 Control of drug and poison

 Vital statistics

 Labour welfare

 Economic and social planning

 Population control and family planning

Functions of Directorate General of Health services-

 Surveys

 Planning

 Coordination

 Programming and appraisal of all health matters Specific function

 International health relations and quarantine of all major ports in

country and international airport.

 Control of drug standards

  Maintain medical store depots

 Administration of post graduate training programmes

 Administration of certain medical colleges in India

 Conducting medical research through Indian Council of Medical

Research ( ICMR )

 Central Government Health Schemes.

 Implementation of national health programmes

 Preparation of health education material for creating health

awareness through Health Education Bureau

 Collection, compilation, analysis, evaluation and dissemination of

information

 National Medical Library

Central Council of health Functions-

 To consider and recommend broad outlines of policy related to

matters concerning health like environment hygiene, nutrition
and health education.

 To make proposals for legislation relating to medical and public

health matters.

 To make recommendations to the Central Government regarding

distribution of medical aids.
SOME OF PANCHAYAT’S NAME IN NOIDA-

 YAMU’S PANCHAYAT

 NAGAR PALIKA PARISHAD OFFICE

 BALWANT RAI MEHTA PANCHAYAT BHAWAN

 ZILA PANCHAYAT OFFICE, NOIDA

ARTICLE THROUGH MINISRTY OF PANCHAYATI RAJ-

 The Ministry of Panchayati Raj is a branch of the Government of India.

 In a federation the powers and functions of the government are divided

among two governments. In India it is the Union Government and the
various State Governments. However, with the passage of 73rd and 74th
amendment act of the Constitution of India, in 1993 the division of powers
and functions has been further trickled down to Local Self Governments
(Panchayat at Village levels and Municipalities and Municipal Corporations
in towns and large cities). As such India now has not two but three tier of
Governments in its federal setup.

 Ministry of Panchayati Raj looks into all matters relating to the Panchayati
Raj and Panchayati Raj Institutions. It was created in May 2004. The
ministry is headed by a minister of cabinet rank. The ministry is now
headed by Narendra Singh Tomar.

CONCLUSION-

 Both panchayati raj system and urban administration are working hard to
overcome from the problems and needs of their particular areas but still
they need more help from the government as well as from the population
also then only we can do more beneficial works for our country.
Summary-

 Panchayati raj consist of 3-tier system gram panchayat, panchayat samiti

and zila parishad.

 Urban administration consists of mainly two local bodies- Municipal

Corporation and municipalities.

 Along with history, introduction, panchayati raj, 3- tier system, advantages

disadvantages, functions, etc we had studied in this class.

Bibliography-

 PARK.K, parks textbook of preventive and social medicine, 25th edition, M/s
BANARSIDAS BHANOT publishers, 2019, pg no; 944-945.

 Ministry of Panchayati Raj, article.

 Urban administration and development department, article on Municipal

Corporation and municipalities.

 www.wikipedia.com