MONOLOG TEXT

1. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Definition : A text which describe about a particular person, thing, place, plant, or
animal.

Generic Structure:
Identification : to identify person, thing, place, plant, or animal.
Description : describe parts, quality, characteristics, and physical appearance of
person, thing, animal, or place.
Social Function : To describe a particular person, place or thing.

Language Features of Descriptive text:

The use of Present Tense, example : go, eat, fly, etc.
The use of Adjectives, example : two strong legs, sharp white fangs, etc.
The use of Relating Verbs, example : my mum is realy cool, it has very thick fur, etc.
The use of Thinking Verbs, example : police believe the suspect is armed, I think it is a
clever animal, etc.
The use of Adverbs, example : it is extremely high, it runs definitely past, etc.

Example of Descriptive Text

PARIS
Paris is the capital city of France. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It
is also one of the world's most crowded cities. Lovely gardens and parks are found
throughout Paris. At night, many palaces and statues are lit up. For this reason, Paris is often
called the City of Light.
Every year, millions of people visit Paris. The most popular place to visit is the Eiffel
Tower. This huge structure has become the symbol of Paris. The Louvre, one of the world's
largest art museums, draws many visitors. The Cathedral of Notre Dame, a famous church, is
another favorite place to visit.
Translation
PARIS
Paris adalah ibukota Perancis. Ini adalah salah satu kota yang paling indah di dunia.
Hal ini juga salah satu kota paling padat di dunia. Taman-taman indah dan taman yang
ditemukan di seluruh Paris. Pada malam hari, banyak istana dan patung-patung yang
menyala. Untuk alasan ini, Paris sering disebut Kota Cahaya.
Setiap tahun, jutaan orang mengunjungi Paris. Tempat yang paling populer untuk
dikunjungi adalah Menara Eiffel. Struktur besar telah menjadi simbol kota Paris. The Louvre,
salah satu museum seni terbesar di dunia, menarik banyak pengunjung. Katedral Notre Dame,
sebuah gereja yang terkenal, adalah tempat favorit lain untuk mengunjungi.

2. NARRATIVE TEXT

Definition : a text which contains about a story or a fairy tale (could be folklore
(folktale), fable, legend, short stories, etc. In it there is a conflict/problem
peaks followed by completion.

Generic Structure:
Orientation : provides an introduction to the characters, place and time of the story
(who or what, when and where).
Complication : Contains peaks problem / conflict in the story. A story can have more
than one complication.
Evaluation (optional) : This is option.al (there should not be), usually used to make the story
more interesting.
Resolution : Solving the problem. Could end up with excitement (happy ending)
could also end up with sadness (sad ending).
Social function : To entertain or amuse the reader or listener.

Language features of narrative text :

 Past tense (killed, drunk, etc.).
 Adverb of time (Once upon a time, one day, etc.).
  Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc.).
 Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella,
Snow White, Alibaba, etc.).
 Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc.).
 Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said, ”My name is Snow
White”). The direct speech uses present tense.

Example of Narrative Text

The Two Frogs
One night two frogs found themselves in a dairy. Hopping and jumping around as frogs
do. They both jumped into a milk pail half full of milk.After swimming around for some time
they tried to get out. But the inside of the pail was too slippery and there was nothing on
which they could rest so that they could jump out. One frog thought it was useless trying to
swim on and just gave up hope and sunk and was drowned.The other carried on swimming
hoping against hope that something would turn up. He swam and swam until he began to feel
tired. But by this time the milk which was full of cream had become thick. When the frog had
swum some more the cream had been stirred so much that it became a solid lump of butter.
On this the frog could scramble and rest. And from it he could easily jump out of the pail into
safety.

Translation
Dua Katak
Suatu malam dua katak menemukan diri mereka dalam sebuah susu. Melompat dan
melompat-lompat seperti katak lakukan. Mereka berdua melompat ke setengah seember susu
penuh dengan susu. Setelah berenang sekitar selama beberapa waktu mereka mencoba untuk
keluar. Tapi bagian dalam ember itu terlalu licin dan tidak ada yang mereka bisa beristirahat
sehingga mereka bisa melompat keluar. Satu katak pikir itu sia-sia mencoba untuk berenang
di dan hanya menyerah harapan dan tenggelam dan tenggelam. Yang lain terus berenang
dengan harapan bahwa sesuatu akan muncul. Dia berenang dan berenang sampai ia mulai
merasa lelah. Tapi kali ini susu yang penuh dengan krim telah menjadi tebal. Ketika kodok
itu berenang lagi krim telah membangkitkan begitu banyak sehingga menjadi benjolan padat
mentega. Pada katak berebut bisa dan beristirahat. Dan dari itu ia dengan mudah bisa
melompat keluar dari ember ke dalam keselamatan.
 3. RECOUNT TEXT

Definition : A text that conveys a series of events / events / experiences that occurred in
the past.

Generic Structure:
Orientation : tells who was involved, what happened, where the events took place,
and when it happened. Events tell what happened and in what
sequence.
Reorientation : consists of optional-closure of events/ending.
Social Function : To retell past event or something which happened in the past

Language features of narrative text:

 Introducing personal participant : I, my group, etc.
 Using chronological connection : then, first, etc.
 Using linking verb : was, were, saw, heard, etc.
 Using action verb : look, go, change, etc.
 Using simple past tense.

Example of Recount Text

In The Sunny Day
Last weekend, my family and I went to Rongkang beach near our grandparents' house.
The day was sunny and hot, of course. It was on June. That's why the day was very bright. In
our country, Indonesia, We had two seasons. They were dry season and rainy season. The dry
season started from May and lasted for 5 months. While, rainy season started from November
and ended in March. The view was so beautiful. There were many people at the beach. Most
of them were teenagers.
We were having fun. We built a sandcastle. We had to rebuild twice before it really
stoodup. The first attempt failed because we built it too close to the water. And the second
attempt, the successful one, was just right. The spot we chose was not too close to the water
and the mixture was good.
Our parents loved our work. Some people who passed our castle loved it, too. They
even took pictures near our castle. We were so proud of our work that day.
Translation
Di Hari Yang Cerah
Akhir pekan lalu, saya dan keluarga saya pergi ke Rongkang pantai dekat rumah
kakek-nenek kita. Hari itu cerah dan panas, tentu saja. Saat itu pada bulan Juni. Itu sebabnya
hari itu sangat cerah. Di negara kita, Indonesia, Kami memiliki dua musim. Mereka musim
kemarau dan musim hujan. Musim kemarau dimulai dari bulan Mei dan berlangsung selama
5 bulan. Sementara, musim hujan dimulai dari bulan November dan berakhir pada bulan
Maret. Pemandangan itu begitu indah. Adabanyak orang di pantai. Kebanyakan dari mereka
adalah remaja.
Kami bersenang-senang. Kami membangun sebuah istana pasir. Kami harus
membangun kembali dua kali sebelum itu benar-benar stoodup. Upaya pertama gagal karena
kami membangun terlalu dekat dengan air. Dan upaya kedua, yang sukses, adalah tepat.
Tempat kami memilih tidak terlalu dekat dengan air dan campuran itu baik.

4. REPORT TEXT

Definition : a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of

systematic observation and analysis

Generic Structure of Report

General classification : Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place,
plant, etc. which will be discussed in general
Description : Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part ,
customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials
Social Function : to describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural,
manmade and social phenomena in our environment.

Language Feature of Report

 Introducing group or general aspect
 Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc.
 Using simple present tense
Example of Report Text
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic eruptions have caused some of the worst disasters in the world. They can
wipe out entire cities and kill thousands of people. The name of volcano comes from Roman
term. It derives from VULCAN which is the name of Roman fire god. Romans believed that
Vulcan lived on a volcanic Italian coast. Romans called the island VULCANO. According to
scientists, volcanic eruptions are divided in to four basic groups. They are commonly known
as Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian and Peleean. The term of Hawaiian eruptions are
named after the volcanoes in Hawaii. These volcanic eruptions are the least violent type.
They produce highly fluid lava which flows quietly. This gradually builds up a shield
volcano. Strombolian eruptions are named after Stromboli. These result from the constant
release of gas from the magma. As the gas escapes, it produces tephra that piles up, turning
into a cinder cone. Strombolian eruptions happen when sticky magma plugs the central vent.
This makes the magmatic gas build up pressure until it blasts. The magma is turned into
volcanic dust and bombs. Vulcanian eruption which comes from the ancient Roman belief,
are more violent than the strombolian eruption. Vulcanian eruption happens and brings
magma which is more viscous. Vulcanian explosions are usually larger and noisier than the
Strombolian eruptions. Paleean eruptions are famous as the most violent kind of volcanic
eruptions. The name of paleean comes from the eruption of Mount Pelee, Martinique in 1902.
It killed almost 38 thousand people. A Peleean eruption occurs when the magmatic gas build
up tremendous pressure. This causes violent explosions with glowing clouds of hot ash and
dust.

5. PROCEDURE TEXT
Definition : Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is
achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people
perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple
present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal
conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

The generic structures:

 Goal/aim (or title)
 Materials (not required for all procedural text)
  Steps (the actions that must be taken)
Social Function : That is to provide guidance on ways to do things in the correct order

Language Feature of Report:

 Tenses are used in forming the sentence is the Simple Present Tense.
 Using the command line (imperative).
 Using conjunctions (connectives) to sort the steps.
 Using adverbs (adverbials) for express details of time, place and manner that is
accurate.
 Using action verbs.

Example of Procedure Text

How to Make Fried Rice
Materials:
 A plate of rice
 1 red chili pepper chopped
 1 clove garlic chopped fine
 1 clove chopped onion
 Pinch of salt
 2 tbsp margarine
 2 tbsp soya sauce

Steps:
1. Crush the red pepper, garlic and onion until very fine.
2. Add the salt and margarine over low heat for 2 minutes.
3. Add the rice and soya sauce
5. Stir until well mixed and rice is hot.
Translation
Cara Membuat Nasi Goreng
Bahan:
 Satu piring nasi
 1 cabai merah cincang
 1 siung bawang putih cincang halus
 1 siung bawang merah cincang
 Garam
 2 sdm margarin
 2 sdm kecap

Langkah-langkah:
1. Hancurkan paprika merah, bawang putih dan bawang merah sampai halus.
2. Tambahkan garam dan margarin di atas api kecil selama 2 menit.
3. Tambahkan saus beras dan kedelai.
5. Aduk Sampai dicampur dengan baik dan nasi panas.
 FUNCTIONAL TEXT

1. ANNOUNCEMENT

Definition : Announcement is an important or official statement that informs people

about something.

Examples of announcements:
School announcements

ANNOUNCEMENT
There will be a flag ceremony next Monday. All students must wear white uniforms. Do
not be late.

Principal

To : All grade IX Students

From : Headmaster
Please choose one of the activities: swimming, painting or singing. Report to your
class teacher or class captain the activity you choose.
 2. ADVERTISEMENT

Definition : Advertisement is a picture and/or set of words used to persuade people to buy
a product or use of service, or that gives information about a job that is
available.

Examples of advertisements.

Grand Opening
Special offer

Happy-Happy Mall
All items
50% off
Start from 28th November until “8th December 2010
URGENTLY REQUIRED
AN ENGLISH TEACHER
 Male max 35 years old
 S1 in English Education program
 3 to 5 years working experience
Send your application
not later than October 31st, 2010 to :
SMAN 101 Bekasi, Jalan Bekasi Raya No. 12
 3. GREETING CARDS

Definition : A greeting card is a card, with a picture in front and a message inside, that
you send to someone on their birthday or on a special occasion/holiday.

Example of a greeting card:

Happy Birthday
May your wish come true

4. SHORT MESSAGES

Definition : A short message is a written piece of information that you send/leave to

another person.

Examples of short messages:

Dear Bhayu,
Hey Bhayu, I don’t think I can meet you tonight because I have to pick up
my grandma at the airport.
From your friend, Odika

5. NOTICES

Definition : A notice is a sign or printed statement that gives information or a warning to

people.
Examples of notices:

Please switch off the light when you don’t use it.
 6. CAUTIONS
A caution is a warning or piece of advice telling you to be careful.

Examples of cautions:

DANGER!
DO NOT GO INTO
THE WATER

7. INVITATION CARDS

Definition : An invitation card is used to invite someone to attend the event like birthday
party, wedding ceremony, informal dinner, etc.
An invitation card should give information about:
 The name of the event
 When the event will be held
 Where the event will take place
 Additional information (e.g., dress code, RSVP)

Some common expressions used in an invitation cards are:

 You are invited to …..
 ….. cordially invites you to …..
 Come and share our wedding.
Examples of invitation cards:
Dear Bhayu,
You and Your partner are invited to attend Jessica’s 14 Birthday in
Hilton hotel.

20 December 2010 at 7:00 p.m.

Odika

8. POSTCARDS

Definition : A postcard is a card that can be sent in the post without an envelope,
especially with a picture on it. It is used for sending a short message.

The message in a postcard usually consists of several parts:

 Opening (greeting/salutation)
 Body (the message)
 Pre-closing (it may be the conclusion of the message)
 Closing (the writer’s regard and signature)
An example of postcard:

Dear Maria,

Yesterday, Uncle Tumijo took me and my cousins to the beach. It’s called
Parangtritis Beach and we had eh most thrilling view. Its large wave was really
awesome. Unfortunately, we could not swim in this beach. There were so many
deep hollows along the beach. People can easily be drowned. We played beach
volleyball in the afternoon. Then, we took a traditional cart called Andong and
enjoyed the sunset. It was fun!

Yours, Annete

9. SHOPPING LISTS
A shopping list is a list that you make of all the things you want to buy when you go
shopping.

An example of a shopping list:

Shopping List Today
 Some celery
 1 ounce garlic
 1 ounce onion
 1 kg chicken
 ¼ kg carrot
 ¼ kg tomato
 1 pack salt
 10. FOOD LABEL

Definition : A food label can be found on the back of most food products. This label
gives information about the products, and can be useful if one is trying to eat
healthy or one needs to avoid anything one is allergic to.

An example of food label:

SILVER QUEEN

NUTRITION INFORMATION Ingredients:

Serving per package: Avg.2 / serving size: Sugar,
30g Cashew,
Average Average Milk Solids,
quantity quantity Cocoa
Per serving Per 100g Mass,
Energy 709kj 2360kj Cocoa
Protein 3.6g 12.0g butter,
At total 10.5g 35.9g Vegetable
Saturated 4.8g 15.9g at,
Carbohydrate 14.4g 47.6g Emulsifier
Sugars 11.9g 39.6g (322: Soy),
Sodium 45mg 148mg Salt, Flavor.