Outline

• Introduction
• PTC-ORC Technology
• PTC Parameter Design
• Thermal Storage Tank
• Working Fluid Selection
• Heat Exchanger Design
• Thermal Equation
• Cost of CSP
Introduction
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technology concentrates solar radiation to achieve high
temperatures typically in the range 290-1000°C. This thermal energy is either used directly
in process heat applications or converted to electricity via steam turbines. CSP requires very
high levels of direct solar radiation, therefore the geographical locations for implementation
worldwide are limited.

CSP capacity, in MW, under construction (2014)

(Source: CSP Today Global Tracker)
Parabolic Trough ( Solar radiation is reflected from the parabolic trough onto an
evacuated tube receiver running the length of the trough (line-focusing).

Solar Tower ( Solar radiation is reflected from hundreds, or even thousands, of

heliostats (large steel reflectors) onto a central receiver at the top of the solar
tower. This technology is categorized as ‘point focusing’

Linear Fresnel ( LFR systems heat water running through the receivers directly
to generate steam at around 270°C (Direct Steam Generation – DSG)

Solar Dish ( The dish reflector concentrates solar radiation onto a receiver at the
focal point of the dish (‘point focusing’ technology). The receiver is heated to around
750°C and drives a small piston,
PTC – ORC Technology

Rahbar et all, 2017

PTC Parameter Design • Parabolic Trough Collector is a principle
of geometry that a parabolic reflector
pointed at the sun will reflect parallel
rays of light to the focal point of the
parabola.
• There are basically five major part of
parabolic trhough concentrator system,
which are as follow :
a. Reflecting Surface
b. Absorber
c. Support Structure
d. Tracking System
e. Pumping System
• There are basically two types of
performances which are to be
considered during design :
Jebasingh et all, 2016
1. Optical Performance
2. Thermal Performance
Thermal Storage Tank
• we need to provide the thermal
storage in order to maintain the
heat supply
• In such cases, the fluid streams
have to be separated and heat
has to be transferred from the
collector circuit liquid to the
storage tank through the heat
exchanger. The heat exchanger
may be separate unit external
to the storage tank or may be in
the form of a coil immersed in
the storage tank.

a well mixed sensible heat liquid storage tank with an

immersed heat exchanger coil
Working Fluid Selection

Rahbar et all, 2017

 Heat Exchanger Design
Front End Rear End
Shell and Tube HE

Heat Exchanger configurations are defined by the number

and letters established by the tubular exchanger
manufactures associations (TEMA).
TEMA Design
 Thermal Equation

Solar Collector Heat Exchanger

1. Optical Performance : Absorbed The Fundamental equations for heat transfer
radiation per unit area of across the surface area given by:
unshaded aperture is given :
𝑆 = 𝐼𝑏 ∗ 𝜌 𝛾𝜏𝛼 𝑘𝛾𝜏𝛼 𝑄 = 𝑈𝐴 ∆𝑇𝑙𝑚

2. Thermal Performance : ∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2

∆𝑇𝑙𝑚=
∆𝑇1
The actual useful energy gain 𝑙𝑛
∆𝑇2
𝐴
𝑄𝑢 = 𝐹𝑟 𝐴𝑎 [𝑆 − 𝐴 𝑟 ∗ 𝑈𝑙 (𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇𝑎 )] 𝑈𝐴 = 1ൗ𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑎
′
ṁ 𝐶𝑝 𝐴𝑟 𝑈𝑙 𝐹 ′
𝐹𝑅 = 𝐹 ∗ [1 − exp ቉ Where R total is thermal resistance summation
𝐴𝑟 𝑈𝑙 𝐹 ′ ṁ𝐶𝑝 based on shell n tube heat transfer analysis.
𝑄𝑢
𝜂 = 𝑥 100%
𝐼𝑏
𝜂𝑜𝑟𝑐 = 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑐ൗ𝑄𝑜𝑟𝑐 − 𝑖𝑛
Cost of CSP

Renac,2016